Iinyani ezili-10 Malunga noMkhuhlane Omele Uwazi

Umxholo

• 1. Ixesha lomkhuhlane liphakathi kukaOkthobha noMeyi
• 2. Umkhuhlane uyosulela phambi kokuba kuqale iimpawu
• 3. Iimpawu zomkhuhlane zingaqala ngesiquphe
• 4. Ithatha iiveki ezimbini ngaphambi kokuba isitofu sokugonya somkhuhlane sisebenze
• 5. Udinga isitofu sokugonya esitsha somkhuhlane minyaka le
• 6. Isitofu sokugonya somkhuhlane asibangeli mkhuhlane
• 7. Umkhuhlane unokubangela iingxaki ezisongela ubomi
• 8. Usengafumana umkhuhlane emva kokugonywa
• 9. Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zokugonya umkhuhlane
• 10. Abantu abanokungezwani nezinto ezithile neqanda banokufumana iyeza lokugonya umkhuhlane
• Ukuthatha

Umkhuhlane sisifo esosulelayo sokuphefumla esinokubangela iimpawu kubandakanya umkhuhlane, ukukhohlela, ukugodola, iintlungu zomzimba kunye nokudinwa. Ixesha lomkhuhlane lihlasela unyaka nonyaka, kwaye intsholongwane isasazeka ngokukhawuleza ezikolweni nakwiindawo zokusebenza.

Abanye abantu abafumana umkhuhlane bachacha ngaphandle kwengxaki kwisithuba seeveki enye okanye ezimbini. Kodwa umkhuhlane unokuba yingozi kubantwana abancinci nakubantu abaneminyaka engama-65 nangaphezulu. Ezinye iingxaki ezinxulumene nomkhuhlane zisongela ubomi.

Kubalulekile ukuba uzixhobise ngolwazi oluninzi ngangokunokwenzeka. Ngale ndlela, uyazi indlela yokuzikhusela ngcono.

Ngelixa abantu abaninzi befumana umkhuhlane ubuncinci kube kanye ebomini babo, usenokungazi yonke into malunga noku kugula. Nazi iinyani ezili-10 malunga nomkhuhlane omele uyazi.

1. Ixesha lomkhuhlane liphakathi kukaOkthobha noMeyi

Xa ucinga ngentsholongwane yomkhuhlane, unokucinga ukuba ihlasela kuphela ebusika. Ngelixa kuyinyani ukuba ixesha lomkhuhlane linokuphakama ebusika, unokufumana umkhuhlane ekwindla nasentwasahlobo, nawo.

Abanye abantu bafumana umkhuhlane wonyaka kwangoko ngo-Okthobha, usulelo oluqhubeka ngoMeyi.

2. Umkhuhlane uyosulela phambi kokuba kuqale iimpawu

Umkhuhlane uyosulela kakhulu ngokuyinxenye kuba kunokwenzeka ukuba udlulise intsholongwane ngaphambi kokuba ugule. Ngokuka, ungosulela umntu onentsholongwane kusuku olunye ngaphambi kokuba iimpawu zakho ziqale.

Usasazeka kakhulu kwiintsuku ezintathu ukuya kwezine zokuqala zokugula, nangona ungahlala usosulela ukuya kwiintsuku ezintlanu ukuya kwezisixhenxe emva kokuba ugule.

Kubalulekile ukunqanda ukunxibelelana nabanye ukuthintela ukudlulisela ukugula komnye umntu.

3. Iimpawu zomkhuhlane zingaqala ngesiquphe

Ukuqala kweempawu zomkhuhlane kunokwenzeka ngokukhawuleza. Unokuziva uphilile ngenye imini, kwaye unganakho ukwenza nantoni na emva kwentsuku ezimbini okanye ezimbini ngenxa yeempawu zakho.

Ngamanye amaxesha, ukuqala kweempawu kwenzeka kwangosuku olunye emva kokuvezwa. Ngamanye amaxesha, abanye abantu ababonakalisi zimpawu de kube ziintsuku ezine emva kokuvezwa yile ntsholongwane.

4. Ithatha iiveki ezimbini ngaphambi kokuba isitofu sokugonya somkhuhlane sisebenze

Ukufumana iyeza lokuthintela umkhuhlane yenye yeendlela zokuzikhusela kwintsholongwane yomkhuhlane.

Kodwa kubalulekile ukuba ufumane umpu wakho ekuqaleni kwesizini. Umkhuhlane uyasebenza kuba unceda umzimba wakho ukuba uvelise izilwa-buhlungu ukuzikhusela kwintsholongwane. Kuthatha malunga neeveki ezimbini ukuba zikhule ezi ntsholongwane.

Ukuba uchanekile kwintsholongwane kwisithuba seeveki ezimbini zokufumana iyeza, usengagula. Ucebisa ukuba ufumane isitofu sokuthintela umkhuhlane ekupheleni kuka-Okthobha.

5. Udinga isitofu sokugonya esitsha somkhuhlane minyaka le

Iintsholongwane zomkhuhlane ezixhaphakileyo ezijikeleza eli xesha lonyaka ziya kwahluka kwiintsholongwane zonyaka olandelayo. Kungenxa yokuba intsholongwane iyatshintsha unyaka nonyaka. Ke ngoko, uyakufuna isitofu sokugonya esitsha minyaka le ukuze uzikhusele.

6. Isitofu sokugonya somkhuhlane asibangeli mkhuhlane

Enye into ephosakeleyo kukuba isitofu sokugonya somkhuhlane sibangela umkhuhlane. Olunye uhlobo lwesifo somkhuhlane lubandakanya uhlobo olubuthathaka kakhulu kwintsholongwane yomkhuhlane. Ayibangeli usulelo lokwenyani, kodwa ivumela umzimba wakho ukuba uvelise izilwa-buhlungu eziyimfuneko. Olunye uhlobo lomkhuhlane udubule kuphela kubandakanya ukufa, okanye ukungasebenzi, intsholongwane.

Abanye abantu bafumana iimpawu ezinje ngomkhuhlane emva kokufumana isitofu sokugonya. Oku kunokubandakanya umkhuhlane ophantsi kunye neentlungu zomzimba. Kodwa lo asingomkhuhlane kwaye ezi mpawu zihlala kuphela kusuku olunye ukuya kwezimbini.

Unokufumana ezinye iimpendulo ezinobulali emva kokufumana isitofu sokugonya umkhuhlane. Oku kubandakanya ukukhathazeka okufutshane, ubomvu, okanye ukudumba kwindawo yenaliti.

7. Umkhuhlane unokubangela iingxaki ezisongela ubomi

Ukugonya komkhuhlane kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba usemngciphekweni weengxaki ezinxulumene nomkhuhlane. Iingxaki kunokwenzeka ukuba zenzeke kumaqela athile, anje ngala:

• abantu abaneminyaka engama-65 ubuncinci ubudala
• abantwana abancinci, ngakumbi abo bangaphantsi kweminyaka emi-2 ubudala
• abasetyhini abakhulelweyo nabasetyhini abaya kuthi ga kwiiveki ezimbini emva kokubeleka
• abantu abanamajoni omzimba abuthathaka
• abantu abaneemeko ezingapheliyo
• Abantu baseMelika (amaNdiya aseMerika kunye nama-Alaska Abemi)
• abantu abanokutyeba kakhulu, okanye isalathiso sobunzima bomzimba (BMI) ubuncinci be-40

Nangona kunjalo, nabani na unokufumana iingxaki ezinzima.

Intsholongwane yomkhuhlane inokubangela nosulelo lwesibini. Ezinye izifo zincinci, ezifana nokusuleleka kwindlebe okanye isifo sesono.

Iingxaki ezinzima zinokubandakanya ibacteria pneumonia kunye ne-sepsis. Intsholongwane yomkhuhlane inokuthi ibe mandundu ngakumbi imeko engapheliyo njengokuqina kwentliziyo, isifo sombefu, nesifo seswekile, kwaye kunokukhokelela ekuhlaselweni sisifo sentliziyo kunye nokubetha.

8. Usengafumana umkhuhlane emva kokugonywa

Khumbula ukuba kunokwenzeka ukuba ufumane umkhuhlane emva kokufumana ugonyo. Oku kunokwenzeka ukuba wosuleleka yintsholongwane ngaphambi kokuba isitofu sakho sokugonya sisebenze, okanye ukuba isitofu sokugonya somkhuhlane asiboneleli ngokwaneleyo ngesifo esijikelezayo.

Ukongeza, unokugula xa uthe wadibana nohlobo lwentsholongwane olwahlukileyo kolo ugonywe lona. Ngokomndilili, isitofu sokugonya somkhuhlane sinciphisa umngcipheko wokugula phakathi.

9. Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zokugonya umkhuhlane

I-CDC ngoku icebisa nokuba isitofu sokuthintela umkhuhlane okanye isitofu sokugonya somkhuhlane we-intranasal.

Isitofu sokugonya somkhuhlane asihambelani konke. Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zokugonya ezikhoyo.

Olunye uhlobo kukugonya okukhuselekileyo komkhuhlane. Ikhusela kwiintsholongwane ezintathu zomkhuhlane: umkhuhlane A (H1N1) intsholongwane, umkhuhlane A (H3N2) intsholongwane, kunye nomkhuhlane B virus.

Olunye uhlobo lwesitofu saziwa njenge-quadrivalent. Ikhusela kwiintsholongwane ezine zomkhuhlane (zombini intsholongwane yomkhuhlane kunye neentsholongwane zomkhuhlane B). Ezinye iinguqulelo zokugonya umkhuhlane we-quadrivalent zivunyiwe kuwo onke amaqela eminyaka, kubandakanya abantwana ubuncinci iinyanga ezintandathu ubudala kunye nabasetyhini abakhulelweyo.

Ezinye iinguqulelo zivunyiwe kuphela kubantu abadala abaphakathi kweminyaka eyi-18 no-64, okanye abantu abadala abangama-65 nangaphezulu. Ugqirha wakho unokukunceda ubone ukuba yeyiphi na ekufaneleyo ngokuxhomekeke kubudala bakho nakwimpilo yakho.

10. Abantu abanokungezwani nezinto ezithile neqanda banokufumana iyeza lokugonya umkhuhlane

Kukho inkolelo yokuba awunakufumana isitofu sokugonya umkhuhlane ukuba ngaba uxabana namaqanda. Kuyinyani ukuba ezinye izitofu zineprotein esekwe kwiqanda, kodwa usenakho ukufumana isitofu sokugonya somkhuhlane. Kuya kufuneka uthethe nogqirha wakho ngaphambi kokuba udubule.

Ugqirha wakho unokukunika isitofu sokugonya esingenamaqanda, okanye ugqirha ogxile kwizigulo zomzimba olawula isitofu sokugonya ukuze banyange nayiphi na impendulo enokubakho.

Ukuthatha

Umkhuhlane unokuba phakathi kobunzulu ukuya kobunzima, ke kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele iimpawu kwangoko kwaye uqale unyango ukunqanda iingxaki. Okukhona uqonda ngentsholongwane, kokukhona kuya kuba lula ukuzikhusela wena kunye nosapho lwakho.