Umbhali: Joan Hall
Umhla Wokudalwa: 3 Eyomdumba 2021
Hlaziya Umhla: 20 Eyenkanga 2024
Anonim
Inaliti yeAdalimumab - Iyeza
Inaliti yeAdalimumab - Iyeza

Umxholo

Ukusebenzisa inaliti ye-adalimumab kunokunciphisa ukubanakho kwakho ukulwa nosulelo kwaye wandise amathuba okuba ube nosulelo olomeleleyo, kubandakanya isifo sokungunda esibi, ibhaktiriya kunye nosulelo lwentsholongwane olunokuthi lusasazeke emzimbeni. Ezi zifo zingafuna ukunyangwa esibhedlele kwaye zingabangela ukufa. Tshela ugqirha wakho ukuba uhlala ufumana naluphi na uhlobo losulelo okanye ukuba unayo okanye ucinga ukuba unalo naluphi na uhlobo losulelo ngoku. Oku kubandakanya usulelo oluncinci (njengokusikwa okuvulekileyo okanye izilonda), usulelo olufikayo (olufana nezilonda ezibandayo) okanye usulelo olungapheliyo olungapheliyo. Xelela ugqirha wakho ukuba unayo okanye wakha wanayo nayiphi na imeko echaphazela amajoni akho omzimba okanye ukuba uhlala okanye wakha waphila kwiindawo ezinje nge-Ohio okanye i-Mississippi river valleys apho izifo ezosulelayo zokungunda zixhaphake kakhulu. Buza ugqirha wakho ukuba awazi ukuba ezi zifo zixhaphake kakhulu kwindawo yakho. Tshela ugqirha wakho ukuba uthatha amayeza anciphisa umsebenzi wamajoni omzimba afana nala alandelayo: abatacept (Orencia), anakinra (Kineret), certolizumab (Cimzia), etanercept (Enbrel), golimumab (Simponi), infliximab (Remicade) , methotrexate (Otrexup, Rasuvo, Trexall), rituximab (Rituxan), okanye ii-steroids ezinje nge-dexamethasone, methylprednisolone (Medrol), prednisone (iRayos), okanye i-prednisolone (Prelone).


Ugqirha wakho uya kukubeka esweni ngeempawu zosulelo ngexesha nasemva konyango lwakho. Ukuba unazo naziphi na kwezi mpawu zilandelayo ngaphambi kokuba uqale unyango lwakho okanye ukuba unazo naziphi na kwezi mpawu zilandelayo ngexesha okanye emva nje konyango lwakho, tsalela umnxeba kwangoko kugqirha: ubuthathaka; ukubila; umqala obuhkungu; ukukhohlela; ukukhohlela umchamo wegazi; ifiva; ukuhla ukusinda; ukudinwa kakhulu; urhudo; isisu esibuhlungu; ulusu olufudumeleyo, olubomvu, okanye olubuhlungu; ukuchama kabuhlungu, kunzima, okanye rhoqo; okanye ezinye iimpawu zosulelo.

Usenokuba wosulelwe sisifo sephepha (i-TB; usulelo olubi lwemiphunga) okanye i-hepatitis B (intsholongwane echaphazela isibindi) kodwa ungenazo naziphi na iimpawu zesi sifo. Kule meko, inaliti ye-adalimumab inokunyusa umngcipheko wokuba usulelo lwakho lube lubi kakhulu kwaye uya kuba neempawu. Ugqirha wakho uza kwenza uvavanyo lolusu ukuze abone ukuba unesifo se-TB esingasebenziyo kwaye angayalela ukuba kwenziwe uvavanyo lwegazi ukuze abone ukuba unesifo se-hepatitis B esingasebenziyo. Ukuba kukho imfuneko, ugqirha unokukunika amayeza ukunyanga esi sifo ngaphambi kokuba uqale unyango lwakho nge-adalimumab. Xelela ugqirha wakho ukuba ukhe wakha okanye wakha wanaso na isifo sephepha, ukuba wakhe wakha okanye watyelela ilizwe apho ixhaphake khona i-TB, okanye ukuba ukhe wakufutshane nomntu owakhe okanye owakhe wanaso. Ukuba unazo naziphi na kwezi mpawu zilandelayo ze-TB, okanye ukuba uvela kwezi mpawu ngexesha lonyango lwakho, tsalela umnxeba kwangoko: ukukhohlela, ukwehla kobunzima, ukulahleka kwethoni yezihlunu, umkhuhlane okanye ukubila ebusuku. Biza ugqirha wakho ngokukhawuleza ukuba unayo nayiphi na le mpawu yesifo sokudumba kwesibindi kohlobo B okanye ukuba ukhula kwezi mpawu ngexesha okanye emva konyango lwakho: ukudinwa kakhulu, ukuba tyheli kolusu okanye amehlo, ukungabi namdla, isicaphucaphu okanye ukugabha, iintlungu zemisipha, umchamo omnyama, intshukumo yombala wodongwe, umkhuhlane, ukugodola, iintlungu zesisu, okanye irhashalala.


Abanye abantwana, abakwishumi elivisayo, kunye nabantu abadala abancinci abafumene inaliti ye-adalimumab okanye amayeza afanayo baba nomhlaza onobungozi okanye osongela ubomi kubandakanya i-lymphoma (umhlaza oqala kwiiseli ezilwa nosulelo). Abanye abantu abakwishumi elivisayo nabaselula abathathe i-adalimumab okanye amayeza afanayo bakhulisa i-hepatosplenic T-cell lymphoma (HSTCL), uhlobo olubi kakhulu lomhlaza oluhlala lubangela ukufa ngexesha elifutshane. Uninzi lwabantu abaphuhlise i-HSTCL babephathwa sisifo sikaCrohn (imeko apho umzimba uhlasela ubume bendlela yokugaya, ebangela iintlungu, urhudo, ukwehla kobunzima, kunye nomkhuhlane) okanye ulcerative colitis (imeko ebangela ukudumba kunye nezilonda. kumngxunya wekholoni [amathumbu amakhulu] kunye ne-rectum) kunye ne-adalimumab okanye iyeza elifanayo kunye nelinye iyeza elibizwa ngokuba yi-azathioprine (Imuran) okanye i-6-mercaptopurine (Purinethol). Xelela ugqirha womntwana wakho ukuba umntwana wakho wakha wanalo naluphi na uhlobo lomhlaza. Ukuba umntwana wakho uvela kwezi mpawu ngexesha lonyango, biza ugqirha wakhe ngokukhawuleza: iintlungu zesisu; ifiva; ukwehla kobunzima obungachazwanga; amadlala adumbayo entanyeni, phantsi kwempuphu, okanye kumphimbo; okanye ukugruzuka okulula okanye ukopha. Thetha nogqirha womntwana wakho malunga nemingcipheko yokunika inaliti ye-adalimumab kumntwana wakho.


Ugqirha wakho okanye usokhemesti uya kukunika uxwebhu lolwazi lwesigulana lomenzi (Isikhokelo seyeza) xa uqala unyango ngenaliti ye-adalimumab kwaye ngalo lonke ixesha ufumana iyeza. Funda ulwazi ngononophelo kwaye ubuze ugqirha okanye usokhemesti ukuba unayo nayiphi na imibuzo. Ungandwendwela noLawulo lwezoKutya noLawulo lweziyobisi (FDA) iwebhusayithi (http://www.fda.gov/Drugs/DrugSafety/ucm085729.htm) okanye iwebhusayithi yomenzi ukufumana isiKhokelo seMithi.

Thetha nogqirha wakho malunga nemingcipheko yokusebenzisa inaliti ye-adalimumab.

Inaliti ye-Adalimumab isetyenziswa yodwa okanye namanye amayeza ukukhulula iimpawu ezithile zokuphazamiseka komzimba (iimeko apho amajoni omzimba ahlasela amalungu asempilweni kwaye abangela iintlungu, ukudumba kunye nomonakalo) kubandakanya oku kulandelayo:

  • isifo samathambo (imeko apho umzimba uhlasela amalungu ayo, ubangela iintlungu, ukudumba, kunye nokuphulukana nomsebenzi) kubantu abadala,
  • i-juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA; imeko echaphazela abantwana apho umzimba uhlasela amalungu ayo, ubangela iintlungu, ukudumba, ukuphulukana nomsebenzi, kunye nokulibaziseka kokukhula kunye nophuhliso) kubantwana abaneminyaka emi-2 ubudala nangaphezulu,
  • Isifo sikaCrohn (imeko apho umzimba uhlasela ulwelwesi lwendlela yokwetyisa, ebangela iintlungu, urhudo, ukwehla kobunzima, kunye nomkhuhlane) ongakhange uphuculwe xa unyangwa ngamanye amayeza kubantu abadala nakubantwana abaneminyaka emi-6 ubudala nangaphezulu,
  • ulcerative colitis (imeko ebangela ukudumba kunye nezilonda kumngxunya wekholoni [amathumbu amakhulu] kunye ne-rectum) xa amanye amayeza kunye nonyango aluncedanga okanye alunakunyamezelwa kubantu abadala nakubantwana abaneminyaka emi-5 ubudala nangaphezulu,
  • i-ankylosing spondylitis (imeko apho umzimba uhlasela amalungu omqolo kunye nezinye iindawo ezibangela iintlungu kunye nomonakalo odibeneyo) kubantu abadala,
  • i-psoriatic arthritis (imeko ebangela iintlungu ezidibeneyo kunye nokudumba kunye nezikali kulusu) kubantu abadala,
  • I-hidradenitis suppurativa (isifo sesikhumba esibangela ukuqhuma okufana ne-pimple kwi-armpits, groin, kunye ne-anal area) kubantu abadala kunye nabantwana abaneminyaka eyi-12 ubudala nangaphezulu,
  • uveitis (ukudumba kunye nokudumba kwemimandla eyahlukeneyo yamehlo) kubantu abadala nakubantwana abaneminyaka emi-2 ubudala nangaphezulu,
  • I-plaque psoriasis engapheliyo (isifo solusu apho umbala obomvu, onamaxolo wenza iindawo ezithile zomzimba) kubantu abadala.

Inaliti ye-Adalimumab ikudidi lwamayeza abizwa ngokuba yi-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors. Isebenza ngokuthintela isenzo se-TNF, into esemzimbeni ebangela ukudumba.

Inaliti yeAdalimumab iza njengesisombululo (ulwelo) ukujova ngendlela engaphantsi (phantsi kolusu). Ugqirha wakho uza kukuxelela ukuba uyisebenzisa kangaphi i-adalimumab ngokusekwe kwimeko yakho kunye nobudala. Ukukunceda ukhumbule ukutofa inaliti ye-adalimumab, phawula iintsuku ocwangciselwe ukuzifaka kwikhalenda yakho. Landela izikhokelo kwileyibhile yakho yonyango ngononophelo, kwaye ubuze ugqirha wakho okanye usokhemesti ukuba achaze nayiphi na indawo ongayiqondiyo. Sebenzisa inaliti yeadalimumab kanye njengoko kuyalelwe. Sukuyisebenzisa ngaphezulu okanye ngaphantsi okanye uyisebenzise rhoqo kunokuyalelwa ngugqirha.

Uya kufumana idosi yakho yokuqala yenaliti yeadalimumab kwiofisi kagqirha wakho. Emva koko, unokufaka inaliti ye-adalimumab ngokwakho okanye umhlobo okanye isizalwane senze inaliti. Ngaphambi kokuba usebenzise inaliti ye-adalimumab ngokwakho okokuqala, funda imiyalelo ebhaliweyo eza nayo. Buza ugqirha wakho okanye usokhemesti akubonise okanye umntu oza kufaka inaliti iyeza ukuba ungalitofa njani.

Inaliti ye-Adalimumab iza iisirinji ezikhethiweyo kunye neepeni zokulinganisa. Sebenzisa isirinji nganye okanye usiba kube kanye kwaye ufake isisombululo kwisirinji okanye usiba. Nokuba kusekho isisombululo esishiyekileyo kwisirinji okanye usiba emva kokuba utofile, sukuphinda utofe. Lahla iisirinji ezisetyenzisiweyo kunye neepeni kwisitya esinganyangekiyo. Thetha nogqirha wakho okanye usokhemesti malunga nokusilahla isikhongozeli esinganyangekiyo.

Ukuba usebenzisa isirinji ekhethiweyo okanye ipeni yedosi efrijiweyo, beka isirinji okanye usiba kwindawo ethe tyaba ngaphandle kokususa isiciko senaliti kwaye usivumele sifudumale kubushushu begumbi kangangemizuzu eli-15 ukuya kwengama-30 ngaphambi kokuba ulungele ukutofa iyeza .Sukuzama ukufudumeza amayeza ngokuwutshisa kwimicrowave, ngokuwabeka emanzini ashushu, okanye ngayo nayiphi na enye indlela.

Lumka ungalahli okanye utyumze iisirinji okanye iipeni zokufaka idosi. Ezi zixhobo zenziwe ngeglasi okanye ziqulathe iglasi kwaye zinokuqhekeka ukuba ziyehla.

Ungayifaka inaliti ye-adalimumab naphina ngaphambili kwethanga okanye esiswini ngaphandle kwenkaba yakho kunye nendawo eyi-intshi ezimbini (iisentimitha ezi-5) ngeenxa zonke. Ukunciphisa amathuba okuqaqamba okanye ububomvu, sebenzisa indawo eyahlukileyo yenaliti nganye. Nika inaliti nganye ubuncinci i-intshi enye (2.5 iisentimitha) ukusuka kwindawo osele uyisebenzisile. Gcina uluhlu lweendawo oye watofa kuzo ukuze ungaphindi utofe kwezi ndawo. Musa ukujova kwindawo apho ulusu luthambile, lutyumkileyo, lubomvu, okanye lukhuni okanye apho uneziva okanye ukolula amanqaku.

Soloko ujonga isisombululo senaliti ye-adalimumab ngaphambi kokuba uyitofe. Jonga ukuba umhla wokuphelelwa kwawo awudlulanga, ukuba isirinji okanye ipeni yedosi inenani elichanekileyo lolwelo, kwaye ulwelo lucacile kwaye alunambala. Sukusebenzisa isirinji okanye ipeni yedosi ukuba iphelelwe lixesha, ukuba ayinalo inani elichanekileyo lolwelo, okanye ukuba ulwelo lunamafu okanye luneeflakes.

Inaliti ye-Adalimumab inokunceda ukulawula imeko yakho kodwa ayizukuyinyanga. Qhubeka usebenzise inaliti ye-adalimumab nokuba uziva uphilile. Sukuyeka ukusebenzisa inaliti ye-adalimumab ngaphandle kokuthetha nogqirha wakho.

Eli yeza linokumiselwa ezinye izinto; buza ugqirha wakho okanye usokhemesti ngolwazi oluthe kratya.

Ngaphambi kokusebenzisa inaliti ye-adalimumab,

  • xelela ugqirha wakho kunye nosokhemesti ukuba ngaba uxabana nenaliti ye-adalimumab, nawaphi na amanye amayeza, okanye naziphi na izithako ezikuyo ngenaliti ye-adalimumab. Buza usokhemesti wakho okanye ujonge isiKhokelo seyeza ukuze ufumane uluhlu lwezithako. Ukuba uza kusebenzisa isirinji ekhethiweyo, xelela ugqirha wakho ukuba wena okanye umntu oza kukunceda utofe inaliti ye-adalimumab uxabana ne-latex okanye irabha.
  • xelela ugqirha wakho kunye nosokhemesti ukuba yeyiphi na amayeza kagqirha kunye nalawo angabhaliswanga, iivithamini, izongezo zesondlo, kunye nemveliso yamayeza owathathayo okanye oceba ukuyithatha. Qiniseka ukuba ukhankanya amayeza adweliswe kwicandelo LESILUMKISO ESIBALULEKILEYO kunye nayo nayiphi na kwezi zilandelayo: cyclosporine (Gengraf, Neoral, Sandimmune), theophylline (Elixophyllin, Theo 24, Theochron), okanye warfarin (Coumadin, Jantoven). Ugqirha wakho unokufuna ukutshintsha amayeza akho okanye akubeke esweni ngononophelo kwiziphumo ebezingalindelekanga.
  • Ukongeza kwezi meko zichazwe kwicandelo LESILUMKISO ESIBALULEKILEYO, xelela ugqirha wakho ukuba ukhe wanesiyezi okanye ubetheka kulo naliphi na ilungu lomzimba wakho, nasiphi na isifo esichaphazela inkqubo yakho yeemvakalelo, enjenge-multiple sclerosis (isifo Iimbilini azisebenzi ngokufanelekileyo kubangela ubuthathaka, ukuphazamiseka, ukulahleka kokulungelelaniswa kwemisipha kunye neengxaki ngombono, ukuthetha, kunye nokulawula i-bladder), i-Guillain-Barré syndrome (ubuthathaka, ukubetha, kunye nokukhubazeka ngenxa yokulimala kwentsholongwane), okanye i-optic neuritis (ukuvuvukala yemithambo-luvo ethumela imiyalezo isuka esweni iye ebuchotsheni); naluphi na uhlobo lomhlaza, isifo seswekile, ukusilela kwentliziyo, okanye isifo sentliziyo. Ukuba unayo i-psoriasis, xelela ugqirha wakho ukuba unyangwe ngonyango olulula.
  • xelela ugqirha wakho ukuba ukhulelwe, cwangcisa ukukhulelwa, okanye ukuncancisa Ukuba ukhulelwe ngelixa usebenzisa inaliti ye-adalimumab, tsalela ugqirha wakho.
  • ukuba wenza utyando, kubandakanya utyando lwamazinyo, xelela ugqirha okanye ugqirha wamazinyo ukuba usebenzisa inaliti ye-adalimumab.
  • awunalo ugonyo ngaphandle kokuthetha nogqirha wakho. Ukuba umntwana wakho uya kufumana inaliti ye-adalimumab, qiniseka ukuba umntwana wakho ufumene zonke iifoto ezifunekayo kubantwana abakwiminyaka yakhe ngaphambi kokuba aqale unyango ngenaliti ye-adalimumab.

Ngaphandle kokuba ugqirha wakho akuxelele ngenye indlela, qhubeka nokutya okuqhelekileyo.

Faka isitofu esilahlekileyo ngokukhawuleza nje emva kokuba usikhumbule. Emva koko jofa idosi elandelayo kusuku lwakho olucwangcisiweyo. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba phantse lixesha ledosi elandelayo, tsiba idosi ephosiweyo kwaye uqhubeke neshedyuli yakho yethamo eqhelekileyo. Sukusebenzisa idosi ephindwe kabini ukwenza eyilahlekileyo.

Inaliti ye-Adalimumab inokubangela iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga. Tshela ugqirha wakho ukuba ngaba ezinye zeempawu zinzima okanye azihambi:

  • ububomvu, ukurhawuzelela, ukutyumka, iintlungu, okanye ukudumba kwindawo otofa kuyo inaliti yeadalimumab
  • isicaphucaphu
  • intloko ebuhlungu
  • umqolo obuhlungu

Ezinye iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zinokuba nzulu. Ukuba ufumana naziphi na kwezi mpawu zilandelayo okanye ezo zidweliswe kwicandelo LESILUMKISO ESIBALULEKILEYO, tsalela ugqirha ngokukhawuleza okanye ufumane unyango olungxamisekileyo:

  • ukuba ndindisholo okanye ukurhawuzelela
  • iingxaki ngombono
  • ubuthathaka emilenzeni
  • iintlungu zesifuba
  • ukuqhawukelwa ngumphefumlo
  • irhashalala, ingakumbi irhashalala ezidleleni okanye ezingalweni ezibuthathaka elangeni
  • intlungu edibeneyo
  • urhwebo
  • ukurhawuzelela
  • ukudumba kobuso, iinyawo, amaqatha, okanye imilenze esezantsi
  • ubunzima bokuphefumla okanye ukugwinya
  • umkhuhlane, umqala obuhlungu, ukugodola kunye neminye imiqondiso yosulelo
  • ukugruzuka okanye ukopha okungaqhelekanga
  • ulusu oluthuthu
  • isiyezi
  • bomvu, amabala anamaxolo okanye amaqhuma agcwele ulusu kulusu

Abantu abadala abafumana inaliti ye-adalimumab banokuba nakho ukukhula umhlaza wolusu, i-lymphoma, kunye nezinye iintlobo zomhlaza kunabantu abangayifumaniyo inaliti ye-adalimumab. Thetha nogqirha wakho malunga neengozi zokufumana eli yeza.

Inaliti ye-Adalimumab inokubangela ezinye iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga. Biza ugqirha wakho ukuba unayo nayiphi na ingxaki engaqhelekanga ngelixa usebenzisa eli yeza.

Ukuba uhlangabezana neziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezimandundu, wena okanye ugqirha wakho ungathumela ingxelo kwiNkqubo yoKutya kunye nezoLawulo (i-FDA) yeMedWatch yeNkqubo yokuNgxelo ngezeMeko eziGwenxa kwi-Intanethi (http://www.fda.gov/Safety/MedWatch) okanye ngomnxeba ( 1-800-332-1088).

Gcina eli yeza kwisikhongozeli lifikile, livalekile, kwaye alifumaneki ebantwaneni. Gcina kwifriji kwaye uyikhusele ekukhanyeni. Inaliti ye-Adalimumab inokugcinwa kubushushu begumbi (ukuya kuthi ga kwi-77 ° F [25 ° C]) ukuya kuthi ga kwiintsuku ezili-14 kwaye ikhuselwe ekukhanyeni. Ukuba inaliti ye-adalimumab igcinwe kubushushu begumbi ngaphezulu kweentsuku ezili-14 kwaye ayisetyenziswanga, kufuneka ilahlwe. Sukuyifaka ngumkhenkce. Lahla naliphi na iyeza ebelikhenkcisiwe.

Amayeza angafunekiyo kufuneka achithwe ngeendlela ezizodwa zokuqinisekisa ukuba izilwanyana zasekhaya, abantwana kunye nabanye abantu abanakuzisebenzisa. Nangona kunjalo, akufuneki uligungxule eli yeza kwindlu yangasese. Endaweni yoko, eyona ndlela yokulahla amayeza akho yinkqubo yokubuyisa amayeza. Thetha kumayeza wakho okanye unxibelelane nesebe lakho lenkunkuma / lokurisayikilisha ukuze ufunde malunga neenkqubo zokubuyisa kwindawo ohlala kuyo. Jonga i-FDA's Safe Disposal of Medicines website (http://goo.gl/c4Rm4p) ngolwazi oluthe kratya ukuba awunakho ukufikelela kwinkqubo yokubuyisa.

Kubalulekile ukugcina onke amayeza ngaphandle kwamehlo kunye nokufikelela kwabantwana njengezikhongozeli ezininzi (ezinje ngeeveki zeepilisi zeveki kunye nezo zamehlo, iikhrim, iipatches, kunye ne-inhalers) azinyangeki kwaye abantwana abancinci banokuzivula ngokulula. Ukukhusela abantwana abancinci kwiityhefu, soloko ukhiya iminqwazi yokhuseleko kwaye ubeke amayeza kwindawo ekhuselekileyo-leyo iphakame kwaye iphakame kwaye ingabonakali kubo kwaye ifikelele kuyo. http://www.upandaway.org

Kwimeko yokugqithisa, fowunela umnxeba wolawulo lwetyhefu kwi-1-800-222-1222. Ulwazi lukwafumaneka kwi-Intanethi kwi-https: //www.poisonhelp.org/help. Ukuba ixhoba liye lawa, laxhuzula, linengxaki yokuphefumla, okanye alikwazi ukuvuswa, ngoko nangoko lifowunele iinkonzo zongxamiseko ngo-911.

Gcina lonke ixesha lokudibana nogqirha wakho kunye nelabhoratri. Ugqirha wakho uya kuyalela iimvavanyo ezithile zebhu ngaphambi, ngexesha, nasemva konyango lwakho ukujonga impendulo yomzimba wakho kwi-adalimumab.

Musa ukuvumela omnye umntu asebenzise amayeza akho. Buza usokhemesti wakho nayiphi na imibuzo onayo malunga nokuzalisa amayeza akho.

Kubalulekile ukuba ugcine uluhlu olubhaliweyo lwawo onke amayeza owasebenzisayo amayeza owasebenzisayo, kunye nezinye iimveliso ezinjengeevithamini, iiminerali, okanye ezinye izongezo zokutya. Kuya kufuneka uze nolu luhlu qho xa undwendwela ugqirha okanye ungeniswe esibhedlele. Kukwabalulekile ulwazi ukuba uphathe nawe xa kukho imeko kaxakeka.

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Uncedo lokuqala lokophuka okuvulekileyo

Uncedo lokuqala lokophuka okuvulekileyo

Ukuqhekeka okuvulekileyo kwenzeka xa kukho inxeba elinxulunyani wa nokwaphuka, kwaye kunokwenzeka ukuba uqaphele ithambo okanye hayi. Kule meko, kukho umngcipheko omkhulu wokufumana u ulelo kwaye, ke ...