Ezona ntlobo ziphambili ze-angina, iimpawu kunye nendlela yokunyanga

Umxholo

• Ezona ntlobo ziphambili ze-angina
• 1. U-angina ozinzileyo
• 2. Angina engazinzanga
• 3. Prinzmetal angina okanye okwahlukileyo
• Uxilongo lwenziwa njani
• Ngaba i-angina inonyango?

U-Angina, okwabizwa ngokuba yi-angina pectoris, uhambelana nemvakalelo yobunzima, iintlungu okanye ukuqina esifubeni okwenzekayo xa kukho ukwehla kokuhamba kwegazi kwimithambo ethwala ioksijini isiya entliziyweni, yile meko ibizwa ngokuba yi-cardiac ischemia.

Uninzi lwexesha, ischemia yentliziyo sisiphumo se-atherosclerosis, esibonakaliswa kukuqokelelwa kwamacwecwe amanqatha kwimithambo yegazi, ukuba rhoqo kubantu abanexinzelelo lwegazi, icholesterol ephezulu okanye isifo seswekile. Jonga ukuba zeziphi izizathu ezi-5 eziphambili ze-atherosclerosis.

Ischemia yentliziyo kwaye, ngenxa yoko, i-angina, ixhaphake kakhulu kubantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-50 kwaye kufuneka inyangwe ngokukhawuleza, kuba ingumngcipheko omkhulu wokuphuhliswa kwe-infarction, ukubanjwa kwentliziyo kunye nezinye izifo zentliziyo, ezinje nge-arrhythmia, ukusilela kwentliziyo okanye iStroke , umzekelo.

Ezona ntlobo ziphambili ze-angina

Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-angina, ezinokwahluka ngokweempawu ezichaziweyo, eziphambili zezi:

1. U-angina ozinzileyo

Kubangelwa sischemia esidlulayo, oko kukuthi, kuvela xa umntu esenza iinzame ezithile okanye ehlupheka noxinzelelo lweemvakalelo, umzekelo, ukwehla okukhawulezileyo nokwexeshana kokuhamba kwegazi. Olu hlobo lwe-angina luxhaphake kubantu esele benalo uhlobo oluthile lwe-atherosclerosis yecoronary, enokuthi ibe mandundu kwaye ikhokelele ekuhlaselweni yintliziyo.

Iimpawu eziphambiliIimpawu zihlala zihambelana ne-angina ezinzileyo kukuxinana okanye ukutshisa kwindawo yesifuba, ehlala malunga nemizuzu emi-5 ukuya kweli-10, kwaye enokuqaqamba egxalabeni, engalweni okanye entanyeni. Iimpawu zihlala zibangelwa ngumzamo okanye ixesha leemvakalelo ezinkulu, kwaye ziphuculwe ngokuphumla okanye ngamayeza okunyusa imithambo kunye nokunyusa ukuhamba kwegazi, njengeIsordil.

Unjani unyango: Kwimeko ye-angina ezinzileyo, ugqirha wezentliziyo uhlala ebonisa ukuphumla kwaye, kwezinye iimeko, ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi ze-vasodilator, ezinje ngeDinitrate okanye i-Isosorbide Mononitrate (Isordil), ukuphucula ukuhamba kwegazi emithanjeni.

Ukongeza, kubalulekile ukuba nemikhwa yokuphila esempilweni yokuthintela i-angina ukuba ingenzeki kwakhona kwaye, ngenxa yoku, kuyacetyiswa ukuba umntu alawule uxinzelelo, icholesterol kunye neglucose, ukongeza ekubeni kubalulekile ukuba ube nokutya okuncinci. ityuwa, amanqatha kunye neswekile kwaye uziqhelanise nomsebenzi rhoqo.

2. Angina engazinzanga

Yimeko ebaluleke ngakumbi kune-angina ezinzileyo, njengoko kubangelwa kukuphazamiseka okukhulu kweoksijini yentliziyo, ngenxa yokuqhekeka kunye nokudumba kweplastikhi ye-atherosclerosis ebangela iimpawu ezixineneyo nezihlala zihleli, ithathwa njengohlobo lwangaphambi kokungena .

Iimpawu eziphambili: Iimpawu eziphambili ze-angina ezinzileyo ziintlungu, ukuqina okanye ukutshisa kwindawo yesifuba ehlala ngaphezulu kwemizuzu engama-20, ekwabonakala nakwindawo ezikufutshane kwaye inokunxulunyaniswa nezinye iimpawu ezinje ngokuba isicaphucaphu, ukubila kunye nokuphefumla kancinci. Xa ezi zimpawu zivela, kuya kufuneka uye kwangoko kwigumbi likaxakeka. Fumanisa ukuba inokuba yintoni intlungu yesifuba.

Unjani unyango: Unyango lokuqala sele lwenziwe kwigumbi likaxakeka, ngamayeza okuthintela ukwanda kweempawu, ezinje:

• Amayeza okuphucula ukuhamba kwegazi, yohlobo lwe-nitrate, njenge-Isordil, i-beta-blockers, njenge-Metoprolol, okanye i-calcium channel blockers, njengeVerapamil neMorphine, xa iimpawu zinzima kakhulu;
• Amayeza okunciphisa ukwakheka kwehlwili, kunye nokusetyenziswa kweearhente ze-antiplatelet, ezinje nge-AAS kunye neClopidogrel okanye iPrasugrel kunye neTiclopidine, kunye neeanticoagulants, ezifana neHeparin.
• Iziyobisi ezichasayo yohlobo lwe-ACEI, enje ngeCaptopril, okanye iiarhente ezinciphisa lipid zolawulo lwecholesterol, ezinje ngeAtorvastatin.

Emva konyango lokuqala, ugqirha wezentliziyo uqhubeka nokuphanda inqanaba lokuthintelwa kwe-coronary kunye nokubandakanyeka kwentliziyo ngovavanyo olunje nge-echocardiography, isifo sentliziyo kunye ne-catheterization yentliziyo.

Njengakwi-angina ezinzileyo, kwi-angina engazinzanga kubalulekile ukunyanga umngcipheko, njengokulawula uxinzelelo, i-cholesterol, iswekile yegazi, ukongeza kulawulo lokutya kunye nokwenza imisebenzi yomzimba, izimo zengqondo ezibalulekile ekugcineni impilo elungileyo yemithambo nentliziyo .

3. Prinzmetal angina okanye okwahlukileyo

Olu hlobo lwe-angina alunaso isizathu esicacileyo kwaye luyenzeka ngenxa yokuphazamiseka kwegazi, apho kukho ukuphazamiseka kokuhamba kwegazi nokuba umntu akanalo ingqokelela yamanqatha emithanjeni okanye ezinye iintlobo zokunciphisa.

Iimpawu eziphambili: Kwimeko ye-angina ye-Prinzmetal, iintlungu eziqatha okanye ukuqina kwesifuba kunokuqatshelwa, okwenzeka nokuba uphumle kwaye ngokuthe ngcembe kuyaphucuka emva kwemizuzu embalwa. Kuqhelekile ukuvela xa ulele okanye kusasa.

Unjani unyangoUnyango lolu hlobo lwe-angina lwenziwa phantsi kwesikhokelo se-cardiologist kwaye luqhele ukwenziwa kusetyenziswa iziyobisi ze-nitrate okanye i-calcium channel blocker, ezinje ngeDiltiazem kunye neVerapamil, umzekelo.

Uxilongo lwenziwa njani

Ngexesha lobunzima, ukuxilongwa kwe-angina kwenziwa ngugqirha wezentliziyo ngokuvavanya iimpawu kunye neempawu ezivezwe ngumntu, ukongeza kuvavanyo lweziphumo zeemvavanyo ezithile, ezinje nge-electrocardiogram, i-X-ray yesifuba kunye umlinganiso wee-enzyme zentliziyo egazini. Ukongeza kwezi, ezinye iimvavanyo zinokuyalelwa ukuba ziqinisekise ukuxilongwa, njengokuvavanywa kokuzivocavoca, i-myocardial scintigraphy, i-echocardiography kunye ne-catheterization yentliziyo.

I-catheterization yentliziyo luvavanyo olubaluleke kakhulu, kuba, ukongeza ekuchongeni ngokuchanekileyo ukuphazamiseka kwemithambo yegazi kunye nokuvavanya ubukho botshintsho ekuhambeni kwegazi, iyakwazi ukunyanga unobangela wokuthintelwa, nge-angioplasty, ngokumiliselwa stent okanye ukusebenzisa ibhaluni ukuvula umthambo. Yazi ukuba yeyantoni kwaye yeyiphi imingcipheko ye-catheterization yentliziyo.

Ngaba i-angina inonyango?

U-Angina unokunyangeka kubantu abakwaziyo ukunyanga ischemia yentliziyo ngokutsho kwengcebiso yentliziyo. Amatyala amaninzi alawulwa kakuhle ngokusetyenziswa kwamayeza amiselwe ngugqirha wezifo zentliziyo, ngelixa amanye anzima kakhulu afuna i-catheterization okanye utyando lwentliziyo lokuhlaziya.

Ezinye iingcebiso ezifanelekileyo zokunyanga i-angina ngokufanelekileyo zibandakanya:

• Thatha amayeza amiselweyo ngugqirha;
• Yeka ukutshaya;
• Sebenzisa ukutya okusempilweni;
• Zilolonge rhoqo (phantsi kwesikhokelo sobuchule);
• Kuphephe ukutya kakhulu kunye neziselo ezinxilisayo;
• Gwema ityuwa kunye ne-caffeine;
• Gcina uxinzelelo phantsi kolawulo;
• Luphephe uxinzelelo;
• Gwema ukushushu okanye ubushushu obushushu, kuba zinokubangela uhlaselo lwe-angina.

Ngezi zimo zengqondo, ukongeza kunyango lwe-angina, kunokwenzeka ukuthintela ukwanda okanye ukubonakala kwamacwecwe amatsha anamafutha kwimithambo yegazi.