I-Ankylosing Spondylitis kunye nokuDumba kwamehlo: Into ekufuneka uyazi

Umxholo

• Kutheni ukudumba kwamehlo (uveitis) kukhula
• Iimpawu ze-uveitis
• Ichongwa njani i-uveitis?
• I-uveitis inyangwa njani?
• Imbonakalo
• Ukukhusela njani amehlo akho

Ushwankathelo

I-Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) isifo esivuthayo. Kubangela iintlungu, ukudumba, kunye nokuqina kwamalungu. Ichaphazela ikakhulu umqolo wakho, iinyonga, kunye neendawo apho iigaments kunye neetoni zidibanisa namathambo akho. Ukuqhubela phambili kwe-AS kunokubangela ukuba ithambo elitsha lenze umqolo kwaye kukhokelele kufusion yomqolo.

Ngelixa ukuvuvukala kwe-AS kuqhelekile kumqolo kunye namalungu amakhulu, kunokwenzeka nakwezinye iindawo zomzimba, ezinje ngamehlo. Phantse iipesenti ezingama-40 zabantu abane-AS bahlakulela ukuvuvukala kwamehlo. Le meko yaziwa ngokuba yi-uveitis.

I-Uveitis ihlala ichaphazela iris, iringi enemibala ejikeleze umfundi wakho. Ngenxa yokuba i-iris iphakathi kwinqanaba lakho, i-uveitis idla ngokubizwa ngokuba yi-uveitis yangaphakathi. Ngaphantsi kakhulu, i-uveitis inokuchaphazela umva okanye ezinye iindawo zeso lakho, elibizwa ngokuba yi-posterior uveitis.

Qhubeka ufunda ukuze ufunde ukuba kutheni i-uveitis yenzeka, uyichonga njani, unyango lwakho kunye nokunye.

Kutheni ukudumba kwamehlo (uveitis) kukhula

AS sisifo sesixokelelwano, esithetha ukuba sinokuchaphazela iindawo ezininzi zomzimba kwaye sibangele ukuvuvukala okubanzi.

Uhlobo lwe-HLA-B27 lusenokuba yinto. Olu hlobo luqhelekile kubantu abaninzi abane-AS okanye i-uveitis. Ezinye iimeko ezabelana ngemfuza zibandakanya isifo samathumbu esivuthayo kunye nesifo samathambo esisebenzayo.

Uveitis inokuba luphawu lokuqala lokuba imeko yenkqubo efana ne-AS. I-Uveitis inokwenzeka ngokuzimeleyo kwenye imeko yokuvuvukala.

Iimpawu ze-uveitis

I-Uveitis ihlala ichaphazela iliso elinye ngexesha, nangona inokukhula ngamehlo omabini. Kungenzeka ngokukhawuleza kwaye kube nzima ngokukhawuleza, okanye kunokukhula ngokukhawuleza kwaye kube nzima kwiiveki eziliqela.

Olona phawu lubonakalayo lwe-uveitis bubomvu phambi kweliso.

Ezinye iimpawu zibandakanya:

• ukudumba kwamehlo
• iintlungu zamehlo
• uvakalelo ekukhanyeni
• ukungaboni kakuhle okanye umbono onamafu
• amabala amnyama kumbono wakho (okwaziwa ngokuba ziiflanzi)
• ukuncipha kombono

Ichongwa njani i-uveitis?

Uninzi lweziganeko ze-uveitis zichongwa ngokujongwa kwakhona kwimbali yakho yonyango kunye novavanyo lwamehlo olucokisekileyo.

Ukuvavanywa kwamehlo kubandakanya oku kulandelayo:

• Uvavanyo lweetshathi yamehlo ukumisela ukuba umbono wakho wenqabile
• Uvavanyo lwe-fundoscopic, okanye i-ophthalmoscopy, ukujonga ngasemva kweliso
• Uvavanyo loxinzelelo lwe-ocular ukulinganisa uxinzelelo lwamehlo
• ukuhlolwa kwesibane sokukroba ukujonga uninzi lweliso, kubandakanya nemithambo yegazi

Ukuba imeko yenkqubo efana ne-AS ikrokrelwa, ugqirha wakho unoku-odola uvavanyo lwe-imaging, njenge-X-ray okanye iMRI, ukujonga amalungu akho kunye namathambo.

Ngamanye amaxesha, ugqirha wakho unokuyalela kuvavanyo lwegazi ukujonga uhlobo lwe-HLA-B27. Iziphumo zovavanyo ezilungileyo azithethi ukuba une-AS, nangona kunjalo. Abantu abaninzi bane-gene ye-HLA-B27 kwaye abaphuhlisi imeko yokuvuvukala.

Ukuba akucaci ukuba kutheni une-uveitis, ugqirha wakho angayalela iimvavanyo zegazi ezongezelelweyo ukumisela ukuba unentsholongwane na.

I-uveitis inyangwa njani?

Isicwangciso sonyango lwe-uveitis enxulumene ne-AS siphindwe kabini. Injongo yangoku kukunciphisa ukudumba kwamehlo kunye neziphumo zayo. Kukwabalulekile ukunyanga i-AS ngokubanzi.

Umgca wokuqala wonyango lwe-uveitis yi-anti-inflammatory eyedrops, okanye i-eyedrops equlethe i-corticosteroid. Ukuba ezo azisebenzi, iipilisi zecorticosteroid okanye inaliti zinokufuneka. Ukuba uxhomekeke kwi-corticosteroids, ugqirha wakho unokongeza iyeza lokuzikhusela emzimbeni ukuze uvumele i-steroid tapering.

Ubunzima be-uveitis bunokufuna inkqubo yokususa enye into efana ne-gel esweni, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-vitreous.

Utyando lokufakela iliso isixhobo esikhupha amayeza e-corticosteroid ixesha elide kunokucetyiswa ukuba une-uveitis engapheliyo engaphenduliyo kwezinye iindlela zonyango.

Ukuba unayo i-AS, kubalulekile ukulawula iimpawu zakho ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokuba neengxaki ezifana ne-uveitis. Amayeza e-AS ajolise ekunciphiseni iintlungu kunye nokudumba.

Unyango luyahluka, kodwa ukhetho oluqhelekileyo lubandakanya:

• iziyobisi ezichasayo (ii-NSAID), ezinje nge-ibuprofen (Advil)
• amayeza e-biologic, anjenge-interleukin-17 inhibitor okanye i-tumor necrosis factor blocker
• ulungiso lwenyama
• unyango olushushu nolubandayo
• utshintsho kwindlela yokuphila, njengokuzilolonga rhoqo, ukuzama ukutya okuchasayo, kunye nokuyeka ukutshaya

Imbonakalo

Isifo sokuqhinwa asikonwabisi kwaphela. Akusiyo imeko omele ungayinaki. Isifo seUveitis ngokwesiqhelo asizukucoca ngokuhamba kwexesha okanye ngokuwa kwamehlo. Ifuna uvavanyo kunye nonyango ngugqirha wamehlo okanye ngugqirha wamehlo.

Amatyala amaninzi e-uveitis anyangwa ngempumelelo ngamayeza kunye nokunyamekelwa kwamehlo okungaguquguqukiyo. Ngokukhawuleza uqala unyango, ukunciphisa umngcipheko weengxaki zexesha elide.

Iingxaki zinokubandakanya:

• ngamehlo
• izihlunu ezibomvu, ezinokubangela isitenxo somfundi
• i-glaucoma, eyonyusa uxinzelelo kwiso kwaye inokubangela ukulahleka kombono
• ukuncipha kombono ukusuka kwiidipozithi zekhalsiyam kwi-cornea
• ukudumba kweretina, okunokubangela ukulahleka kombono

I-Uveitis kunokuba nzima ukuyilawula, ngakumbi ukuba ibangelwa yi-AS okanye enye imeko yokuvuvukala kwenkqubo.

Kuba zininzi izinto ezichaphazelekayo, kunokuba nzima ukuqikelela ukuba kuya kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukuba i-uveitis ihambe. Ubunzima be-uveitis okanye i-uveitis ngasemva kweliso kuhlala kuthatha ixesha elide ukuphilisa. Le meko ingabuya emva konyango.

Qiniseka ukuba ulandela iingcebiso zonyango lwakho. Kuya kufuneka uxelele ugqirha wakho kwangoko ukuba iimpawu zakho ziya zisiba mbi okanye ziphinde zibuye.

Ukukhusela njani amehlo akho

Kuhlala kubalulekile ukukhusela amehlo akho kwimitha ye-UVA kunye ne-UVB kunye neengozi zokusingqongileyo. Ukuba une-uveitis, nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuba uphawule amehlo akho.

IZiko leLiso leLizwe licebisa ezi ngcebiso ngokubanzi zokugcina amehlo akho esempilweni:

• Yenza uvavanyo lwamehlo lonyaka.
• Nxiba izibuko zelanga ezikhusela amehlo akho kwimitha yeUVA kunye neUVB.
• Ukuba unolwazelelelo ekukhanyeni, nxiba iiglasi zelanga ngaphakathi okanye ugcine ukukhanya kwezibane.
• Jonga kude kwikhompyuter yakho, iselfowuni, okanye umabonwakude ubuncinci imizuzwana engama-20 rhoqo kwimizuzu engama-20 ukukunceda ukukhusela amehlo.
• Nxiba iimpahla ezikhuselayo xa usebenza ngezinto eziyingozi okanye kwindawo yokwakha.
• Nxiba iimpahla zokhuselo ngelixa udlala imidlalo okanye wenza umsebenzi wasekhaya.
• Yeka ukutshaya, njengoko ukutshaya kukhawulezisa ukonakala kwamehlo nakwezinye iimeko zamehlo.

Iingcebiso kubantu abanxiba iilensi zonxibelelwano:

• Hlamba izandla zakho rhoqo naphambi kokufaka iilensi zonxibelelwano.
• Musa ukunxiba iilensi zonxibelelwano ngelixa amehlo akho edumbile.
• Kuphephe ukuthambisa amehlo akho okanye ukuchukumisa izandla zakho emehlweni akho.
• Zibulale iintsholongwane kwiilensi zakho zonxibelelwano rhoqo.