Uthini umahluko phakathi kosulelo lweNtsholongwane kunye neNtsholongwane?

Umxholo

• Uyintoni umahluko?
• Zisasazeka njani iintsholongwane?
• Ziziphi izifo eziqhelekileyo zebhakteria?
• Zisasazeka njani iintsholongwane?
• Ziziphi izifo eziqhelekileyo zentsholongwane?
• Ngaba ibacteria yam ebandayo okanye intsholongwane?
• Ngaba ungasebenzisa umbala we-mucus ukumisela ukuba yintsholongwane okanye yintsholongwane?
• Ngaba isisu sam sisifo sentsholongwane okanye intsholongwane?
• Zifunyaniswa njani izifo?
• Zeziphi izifo ezanyangwa ngamayeza okubulala iintsholongwane?
• Zinyangwa njani izifo zentsholongwane?
• Amayeza antiviral
• Ungaluthintela njani usulelo
• Ziqhelanise nococeko
• Gonya
• Musa ukuphuma ukuba uyagula
• Ziqhelise ngesondo elikhuselekileyo
• Qinisekisa ukuba ukutya kuphekwe kakuhle
• Khusela xa ulunywa ziibug
• Yise kude

Uyintoni umahluko?

Iibhaktheriya kunye neentsholongwane zingabangela izifo ezininzi eziqhelekileyo. Kodwa yintoni umahluko phakathi kwezi ndidi zimbini zezinto ezosulelayo?

Iibhaktheriya zincinci ezincinci ezenziwe ngeseli enye. Zahluke kakhulu kwaye zinokuba neentlobo ezininzi zeemilo kunye neempawu zokwakha.

Intsholongwane inokuhlala phantse kuyo yonke indawo, kuquka ngaphakathi okanye emzimbeni womntu.

Zimbalwa kuphela iintsholongwane ezibangela usulelo ebantwini. Ezi bhaktheriya kubhekiselwa kuzo njengebhaktheriya ye-pathogenic.

Iintsholongwane lolunye uhlobo lwe-microorganism encinci, nangona zincinci kuneentsholongwane. Njengeebhaktheriya, zihluke kakhulu kwaye zinemilo eyahlukeneyo kunye neempawu.

Iintsholongwane ziyasasazeka. Oko kuthetha ukuba bafuna iiseli eziphilayo okanye izicwili eziza kukhula.

Iintsholongwane zinokungena kwiiseli zomzimba wakho, zisebenzisa iiseli zakho ukukhula nokukhula. Ezinye iintsholongwane zide zibulale iiseli zomamkeli njengenxalenye yomjikelo wobomi bazo.

Funda ukuze ufunde okungakumbi ngomahluko phakathi kwezi ntlobo zimbini zosulelo.

Zisasazeka njani iintsholongwane?

Usulelo oluninzi lwebhakteria luyasasazeka, oku kuthetha ukuba lunokudluliselwa kumntu kumntu. Zininzi iindlela ezinokuthi zenzeke, kubandakanya:

• ukunxibelelana ngokusondeleyo nomntu onosulelo lwebacteria, kubandakanya ukubamba kunye nokuphuza
• ukudibana namanzi emzimbeni womntu onesifo, ngakumbi emva koqhakamshelwano ngokwesondo okanye xa umntu ekhohlela okanye ethimla
• usulelo olusuka kumama luye emntwaneni ngexesha lokukhulelwa okanye lokuzalwa
• ukudibana nemimandla engcoliswe ziibhaktheriya, ezinje ngeentsimbi zomnyango okanye izibambo zompompo emva koko uchukumise ubuso, impumlo, okanye umlomo

Ukongeza ekusasazekeni komntu buye emntwini, usulelo lwebacteria lusenokudluliselwa ngokulunywa sisinambuzane esosulelekileyo. Ukongeza, ukutya ukutya okungcolileyo okanye amanzi nako kunokukhokelela kusulelo.

Ziziphi izifo eziqhelekileyo zebhakteria?

Eminye imizekelo yosulelo lwebacteria ibandakanya:

• umqalaizitrephi zomqala
• Usulelo lwe-urinary tract (UTI)
• ukutya okuyityhefu
• ukuvuza ngaphantsi
• isifo sephepha
• meningitis yebhaktiriya
• iselulitis
• Isifo seLyme
• ngqi

Zisasazeka njani iintsholongwane?

Njengosulelo lwebacteria, usulelo oluninzi lwentsholongwane luyosulela. Zingadluliselwa zisuka emntwini ziye emntwini ngeendlela ezininzi ezifanayo, kubandakanya:

• ukudibana ngokusondeleyo nomntu onentsholongwane kwintsholongwane
• ukudibana namanzi omzimba womntu onesifo sentsholongwane
• usulelo olusuka kumama luye emntwaneni ngexesha lokukhulelwa okanye lokuzalwa
• ukudibana nendawo ezingcolisekileyo

Kananjalo, ngokufanayo nosulelo lwebhaktiriya, usulelo lwentsholongwane lunokudluliselwa ngokulunywa sisinambuzane esosulelekileyo okanye ngokutya ukutya okanye amanzi angcolisekileyo.

Ziziphi izifo eziqhelekileyo zentsholongwane?

Eminye imizekelo yokusuleleka kwintsholongwane ibandakanya:

• umkhuhlane
• okubandayo Okunye
• gastroenteritis wentsholongwane
• iqhwiqhwi
• imasisi
• meningitis yentsholongwane
• iintsumpa
• intsholongwane kaGawulayo (i-HIV)
• hepatitis wentsholongwane
• Intsholongwane kaZika
• Intsholongwane yeNayile

I-COVID-19 sesinye isifo esibangelwa yintsholongwane. Le ntsholongwane ihlala ibangela:

• ukuqhawukelwa ngumphefumlo
• ifiva
• ukukhohlela owomileyo

Tsalela umnxeba iinkonzo zonyango ezingxamisekileyo ukuba ufumana ezi mpawu zilandelayo:

• ingxaki yokuphefumla
• imilebe eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka
• ukudinwa kakhulu
• intlungu engapheliyo okanye ukuqina kwesifuba

Ngaba ibacteria yam ebandayo okanye intsholongwane?

Ingqele inokubangela impumlo egobileyo okanye egobayo, umqala obuhlungu, kunye nomkhuhlane ophantsi, kodwa ngaba ibacteria ebandayo okanye intsholongwane?

Ingqele eqhelekileyo ibangelwa ziintsholongwane ezahlukeneyo, nangona iirhinoviruses zihlala zingoyena nobangela.

Akukho nto ingako onokuyenza ukunyanga ingqele ngaphandle kokuyilinda ngaphandle kwaye usebenzise amayeza e-counter-the-counter (OTC) ukunceda ukukhulula iimpawu zakho.

Kwezinye iimeko, ukusuleleka kwintsholongwane yesibini kunokukhula ngexesha okanye kulandela ukubanda. Imizekelo eqhelekileyo yosulelo lwesibini lwebacteria ibandakanya:

• usulelo lwesono
• usulelo lwendlebe
• ukukrala kwemiphunga

Usenokuba uphuhlisile usulelo lwebacteria ukuba:

• Iimpawu zihlala ixesha elide kuneentsuku ezili-10 ukuya kwezi-14
• Iimpawu ziyaqhubeka nokuba mandundu kunokuba ziphuculwe ngaphezulu kweentsuku ezininzi
• unomkhuhlane ophezulu kunokuba uqhele ukubonwa yingqele

Ngaba ungasebenzisa umbala we-mucus ukumisela ukuba yintsholongwane okanye yintsholongwane?

Kuya kufuneka uphephe ukusebenzisa umbala we-mucus ukumisela ukuba unentsholongwane okanye intsholongwane.

Kukho inkolelo ende ekuthiwa i-mucus eluhlaza ibonisa usulelo lwebacteria olufuna i-antibiotics. Ngapha koko, i-mucus eluhlaza ibangelwa zizinto ezikhutshwe ziiseli zakho zomzimba ekuphenduleni umhlaseli welinye ilizwe.

Unokuba ne-mucus eluhlaza ngenxa yezinto ezininzi, kubandakanya:

• iintsholongwane
• iintsholongwane
• Ukungavumi kwamaxesha onyaka

Ngaba isisu sam sisifo sentsholongwane okanye intsholongwane?

Xa ufumana iimpawu ezinje ngesicaphucaphu, urhudo, okanye isisu esibuhlungu, unokuba nesisu segciwane. Kodwa ngaba kungenxa yentsholongwane okanye intsholongwane?

Iibugs esiswini ngokubanzi ziwela ngokwamacandelo amabini ngokubhekisele kwindlela ezifunyanwa ngayo:

• I-Gastroenteritis sisifo sendlela yokugaya ukutya. Kubangelwa kukudibana nesitulo okanye ukugabha komntu onesifo.
• Ityhefu yokutya sisifo sendlela yokwetyisa ebangelwa kukutya ukutya okungamanzi okanye ulwelo.

I-Gastroenteritis kunye netyhefu yokutya kunokubangelwa zintsholongwane kunye neebhaktiriya. Nokuba siyintoni na isizathu, amaxesha amaninzi iimpawu zakho ziya kumka ngosuku okanye ezimbini ngononophelo lwasekhaya.

Nangona kunjalo, iimpawu ezihlala ixesha elide kuneentsuku ezintathu, zibangela urhudo olunegazi, okanye zikhokelele ekuphelelweni emzimbeni kakhulu kunokubonisa usulelo olomeleleyo olufuna unyango olukhawulezileyo.

Zifunyaniswa njani izifo?

Ngamanye amaxesha ugqirha wakho unokukwazi ukufumanisa imeko yakho ngokusekwe kwimbali yakho yonyango kunye neempawu zakho.

Umzekelo, iimeko ezinjengemasisi okanye irhashalala zinempawu ezibonakalayo ezinokuthi zifumaneke kuvavanyo lomzimba olulula.

Ukongeza, ukuba kukho ubhubhane wangoku wesifo esithile, ugqirha wakho uya kuthi enze loo nto kuvavanyo lwabo. Umzekelo ngumkhuhlane, obangela ubhubhane ngamaxesha athile kwiinyanga ezibandayo zonyaka.

Ukuba ugqirha wakho ufuna ukwazi ukuba loluphi uhlobo lwento enokubangela imeko yakho, banokuthatha isampuli kwinkcubeko. Iisampulu ezinokusetyenziselwa inkcubeko ziyahluka kwimeko ekurhanelwa ngayo, kodwa zinokubandakanya:

• igazi
• amafinyila okanye isikhohlela
• umchamo
• isitulo
• ulusu
• I-cerebral spinal fluid (CSF)

Xa i-microorganism ikhulile, ivumela ugqirha wakho ukuba abone ukuba yintoni ebangela imeko yakho. Kwimeko yosulelo lwebacteria, inokubanceda ukuba babone ukuba yeyiphi na intsholongwane enokuba luncedo ekunyangeni imeko yakho.

Zeziphi izifo ezanyangwa ngamayeza okubulala iintsholongwane?

Amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane amayeza asetyenziselwa ukunyanga usulelo lwebacteria.

Zininzi iintlobo zezibulala-ntsholongwane, kodwa zonke zisebenza ukugcina iintsholongwane zingakhuli kakuhle kwaye zahlule. Azisebenzi ngokuchasene nosulelo lwentsholongwane.

Ngaphandle kwento yokuba kufuneka uthabathe kuphela i-antibiotics yosulelo lwebhaktiriya, ii-antibiotics zihlala zicelwa ukusuleleka kwintsholongwane. Oku kuyingozi kuba ukumisela amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane kungakhokelela kukunganyangeki.

Ukuxhathisa kwe-Antibiotic kwenzeka xa iibhaktheriya zikwazi ukumelana neentsholongwane ezithile. Inokwenza usulelo oluninzi lwebhakteria lube nzima ngakumbi ukunyanga.

Ukuba umiselwe amayeza okubulala intsholongwane, thatha ikhosi yakho ye-antibiotics-nokuba uqala ukuziva ubhetele emva kweentsuku ezimbalwa. Ukutsiba iidosi kunokuthintela ukubulala zonke iintsholongwane ze-pathogenic.

Zinyangwa njani izifo zentsholongwane?

Akukho nonyango oluthile lwezifo ezininzi zentsholongwane. Unyango lujolise ekupheliseni iimpawu, ngelixa umzimba wakho usebenza ukucoca usulelo. Oku kunokubandakanya izinto ezinje:

• ukusela ulwelo ukunqanda ukomisa
• ukufumana ukuphumla okuninzi
• usebenzisa amayeza eentlungu ze-OTC, ezinje nge-acetaminophen (iTylenol) okanye ibuprofen (Motrin, Advil) ukukhulula iintlungu, iintlungu kunye nomkhuhlane
• ukuthatha i-OTC decongestants ukunceda ngeempumlo ezibalekayo okanye ezixineneyo
• ukufunxa umqala womqala ukunceda ukunciphisa umqala obuhlungu

Amayeza antiviral

Ngamanye amaxesha, ugqirha wakho unokukunika amayeza antiviral ukukunceda ukunyanga imeko yakho.

Amayeza antiviral athintela umjikelo wobomi bentsholongwane ngandlela thile.

Eminye imizekelo ibandakanya amayeza afana ne-oseltamivir (Tamiflu) yomkhuhlane okanye i-valacyclovir (Valtrex) ye-herpes simplex okanye i-herpes zoster (shingles) izifo zosulelo.

Ungaluthintela njani usulelo

Unokulandela ezi ngcebiso zingezantsi ukunceda ukuthintela ukugula ngokusuleleka yintsholongwane okanye intsholongwane:

Ziqhelanise nococeko

Qiniseka ukuba uhlamba izandla zakho ngaphambi kokuba utye, emva kokuhlamba, naphambi nasemva kokuphatha ukutya.

Kuphephe ukubamba ubuso bakho, umlomo, okanye impumlo ukuba izandla zakho azicocekanga. Musa ukwabelana ngezinto zakho ezifana:

• izixhobo zokutya
• ukusela iiglasi
• iibhrashi zamazinyo

Gonya

Amayeza amaninzi okugonya ayafumaneka ukunceda ukuthintela izifo ezahlukeneyo zentsholongwane kunye nentsholongwane. Imizekelo yezifo ezinokuthintelwa ngokugonya zibandakanya:

• imasisi
• umkhuhlane
• ngqi
• umkhuhlane ohambayo

Thetha nogqirha wakho malunga namayeza okugonya akhoyo.

Musa ukuphuma ukuba uyagula

Hlala ekhaya ukuba uyagula ukunceda ukuthintela usulelo lwakho kwabanye abantu.

Ukuba kufuneka uphume, hlamba izandla zakho rhoqo kwaye uthimla okanye ukhohlele kwi-crook yengqiniba yakho okanye kwithishu. Qiniseka ukuba ulahla ngokufanelekileyo naziphi na izicubu ezisetyenzisiweyo.

Ziqhelise ngesondo elikhuselekileyo

Ukusebenzisa iikhondom okanye ezinye iindlela zokuthintela kunokunceda ukuthintela ukufumana izifo ezosulela ngokwabelana ngesondo (STDs). Ukunciphisa inani lakho lamaqabane ezesondo kuye kwaboniswa ekufumaneni i-STD.

Qinisekisa ukuba ukutya kuphekwe kakuhle

Qinisekisa ukuba zonke inyama ziphekwe kubushushu obufanelekileyo. Qiniseka ukuba uhlamba ngocoselelo nasiphi na isiqhamo okanye imifuno eluhlaza phambi kokutya.

Ungavumeli ukutya okushiyekileyo kuhlala kubushushu begumbi. Kunoko, zifriji ngokukhawuleza.

Khusela xa ulunywa ziibug

Qiniseka ukuba usebenzisa izinambuzane ezigxotha izinambuzane ezifana ne-DEET okanye i-picaridin ukuba uza kuba ngaphandle apho izinambuzane, ezinje ngeengcongconi kunye namakhalane, zixhaphakileyo.

Nxiba iibhulukhwe ezinde kunye neehempe ezinemikhono emide, ukuba kunokwenzeka.

Yise kude

Intsholongwane kunye neentsholongwane zibangela izifo ezininzi eziqhelekileyo, kwaye ezi zifo zingasasazeka ngeendlela ezininzi ezifanayo.

Ngamanye amaxesha ugqirha wakho unokuchonga imeko yakho ngoviwo olulula lomzimba. Ngamanye amaxesha, banokufuna ukuthatha isampuli kwinkcubeko ukumisela ukuba isifo sentsholongwane okanye sentsholongwane sibangela ukugula kwakho.

Amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane asetyenziselwa ukunyanga usulelo lwebacteria. Unyango losulelo lwentsholongwane lujolise kunyango lweempawu ngelixa usulelo luqhuba. Nangona kwezinye iimeko, amayeza antiviral anokusetyenziswa.

Unokunceda ukuthintela ukugula okanye ukuhambisa usulelo lwebacteria kunye nentsholongwane ngu:

• ukuziqhelisa ukucoceka
• ukugonywa
• ukuhlala ekhaya xa ugula