Isikhokelo esiBanzi soMhlaza weSifuba

Umxholo

• Iimpawu zomhlaza webele
• Iindidi zomhlaza wamabele
• Umhlaza webele odumbisayo
• Isifo somhlaza webele
• Umhlaza webele weMetastatic
• Umhlaza webele wesilisa
• Imifanekiso yomhlaza webele
• Amanqanaba omhlaza webele
• Inqanaba 0 umhlaza webele
• Inqanaba 1 lomhlaza webele
• Inqanaba 2 lomhlaza webele
• Inqanaba 3 umhlaza webele
• Inqanaba 4 lomhlaza webele
• Ukuchongwa komhlaza wamabele
• Isifuba sebele
• Unyango lomhlaza webele
• Ugqirha
• Unyango ngemitha
• Unyango ngamayeza
• Unyango lweHormone
• Amayeza
• Unonophelo lomhlaza webele
• Uxhaphake kangakanani umhlaza webele?
• Imingcipheko yomhlaza webele
• Inqanaba lokusinda komhlaza webele
• Uthintelo lomhlaza webele
• Izinto zokuphila
• Uvavanyo lomhlaza webele
• Unyango lokuqala
• Uvavanyo lwebele
• Ukuzivavanya ngokwakho
• Uviwo lwebele
• Ukwazisa ngomhlaza webele

Umhlaza webele

Umhlaza wenzeka xa utshintsho olubizwa ngokuba ziinguqu zenzeka kwiijeni ezilawula ukukhula kweseli. Utshintsho lwenza ukuba iiseli zahlule kwaye zande ngendlela engalawulwayo.

Umhlaza wamabele ngumhlaza okhula kwiiseli zebele. Ngokwesiqhelo, umhlaza wenza iifom ze-lobules okanye imibhobho yesifuba. I-Lobules ngamadlala avelisa ubisi, kwaye imibhobho ziindlela ezizisa ubisi kwiincindi ukuya kwingono. Umhlaza ukwenzeka nakwizicubu ezinamanqatha okanye kwizihlunu ezinomthambo ngaphakathi kwebele.

Iiseli zomhlaza ezingalawulekiyo zihlala zihlasela ezinye izicubu zamabele ezisempilweni kwaye zinokuhamba ziye kwiindawo ezinesingqi phantsi kweengalo. Ii-lymph node yindlela ephambili enceda iiseli zomhlaza zihambele kwamanye amalungu omzimba. Bona imifanekiso kwaye ufunde okungakumbi malunga nokwakheka kwebele.

Iimpawu zomhlaza webele

Kumanqanaba ayo okuqala, umhlaza wamabele awunakubanga zimpawu. Kwiimeko ezininzi, ithumba linokuba lincinci kakhulu ukuba livakale, kodwa ukungaqheleki kunokubonakala kwimammogram. Ukuba lungaviwa ithumba, uphawu lokuqala ludla ngokuba sisiqhuma esibeleni ebesingekho ngaphambili. Nangona kunjalo, ayingawo onke amaqhuma anomhlaza.

Uhlobo ngalunye lomhlaza webele lunokubangela iimpawu ezahlukeneyo. Uninzi lwezi mpawu ziyafana, kodwa ezinye zinokwahluka. Iimpawu zeengqumbo zesifo somhlaza eziqhelekileyo zibandakanya:

• iqhuma lebele okanye ukuqina kwethishyu okuziva kwahlukile kunezicubu ezijikelezileyo kwaye kuye kwavela ngoku kutshanje
• iintlungu zebele
• bomvu, isikhumba esisikiweyo phezu kwebele lakho lonke
• ukudumba kuko konke okanye kwinxalenye yebele lakho
• ukukhutshwa kwengono ngaphandle kobisi lwebele
• ukuphuma kwegazi kwingono yakho
• ukuxobuka, ukukala, okanye ukubhabha kolusu kwingono yakho okanye ebeleni
• ngequbuliso, utshintsho olungachazwanga kwimilo okanye ubungakanani bebele lakho
• Ingono eguqulweyo
• utshintsho kwinkangeleko yolusu emabeleni akho
• iqhuma okanye ukudumba phantsi kwengalo yakho

Ukuba unayo nayiphi na le mpawu, oko akuthethi ukuba unomhlaza webele. Umzekelo, iintlungu esifubeni sakho okanye isigaxa sesifuba sinokubangelwa ngumhlaza onobungozi. Okwangoku, ukuba ufumana isigaxa esifubeni sakho okanye unezinye iimpawu, kuya kufuneka ubonane nogqirha wakho ukuze aqhubeke nokuvavanywa kunye nokuvavanywa. Funda ngakumbi malunga neempawu zomhlaza webele.

Iindidi zomhlaza wamabele

Zininzi iintlobo zomhlaza wamabele, kwaye zahlulwe zangamacandelo amabini aphambili: "angenayo" kunye "non-invasive," okanye e-situ. Ngelixa umhlaza ungenayo usasazekile ukusuka kwimifuno yamabele okanye amadlala ukuya kwezinye iindawo zesifuba, umhlaza ongafunekiyo awusasazekanga kwizicubu zantlandlolo.

Ezi ndidi zimbini zisetyenziselwa ukuchaza ezona ntlobo zixhaphakileyo zomhlaza wamabele, ezibandakanya:

• Iductal carcinoma in situ. I-Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) yimeko engafunekiyo. Nge-DCIS, iiseli zomhlaza zivalelwe kwimibhobho esifubeni sakho kwaye azange zihlasele izicwili zebele ezikufutshane.
• I-Lobular carcinoma in situ. I-Lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS) ngumhlaza okhula kwiincindi ezivelisa ubisi lwebele lakho. NjengeDCIS, iiseli zomhlaza azingenanga kwizicubu ezijikelezileyo.
• I-carcinoma ye-ductal engabonakaliyo. Invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) lolona hlobo luqhelekileyo lomhlaza wamabele. Olu hlobo lomhlaza wamabele luqala kwimijelo yobisi lwakho lwebele luze luhlasele izicwili ezikufuphi ebeleni. Wakuba nje umhlaza wamabele usasazekile kwinyama engaphandle kwemijelo yobisi lwakho, ungaqala ukusasazeka kwamanye amalungu akufutshane kunye nezicubu.
• I-carcinoma ehlaselayo yelobular. Invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) kuqala ikhula kwi-lobules yakho yamabele kwaye ihlasele izicwili ezikufutshane.

Ezinye, iintlobo eziqhelekileyo zomhlaza wesifuba zibandakanya:

• Paget isifo ingono. Olu hlobo lomhlaza webele luqala kwimibhobho yengono, kodwa njengoko ikhula, iqala ukuchaphazela ulusu kunye ne-areola yengono.
• I-Phyllode ithumba. Olu hlobo lunqabileyo kakhulu lomhlaza webele lukhula kwizicubu ezinxibelelanayo zebele. Uninzi lwezi tumors zilungile, kodwa ezinye zinomhlaza.
• I-Angiosarcoma. Lo ngumhlaza okhula kwimithambo yegazi okanye kwimithambo ye-lymph ebeleni.

Uhlobo lomhlaza onqumle unyango lwakho, kunye nesiphumo sakho sexesha elide. Funda ngakumbi malunga neentlobo zomhlaza webele.

Umhlaza webele odumbisayo

Umhlaza webele wokudumba (IBC) luhlobo olunqabileyo kodwa olunochuku lomhlaza wamabele. I-IBC yenza kuphela phakathi kwawo onke amatyala omhlaza wamabele.

Ngale meko, iiseli zithintela ii-lymph node ezikufutshane namabele, ngoko ke izitya ze-lymph esifubeni azinakunyuza ngokufanelekileyo. Endaweni yokwenza ithumba, i-IBC ibangela ukuba ibele lakho lidumbe, libonakale libomvu, kwaye liziva lifudumele kakhulu. Isifuba somhlaza sinokubonakala sinomngxunya kwaye sityebile, njengexolo leorenji.

I-IBC inokuba ndlongondlongo kwaye ingaqhubela phambili ngokukhawuleza. Ngesi sizathu, kubalulekile ukubiza ugqirha wakho ngoko nangoko ukuba ubona naziphi na iimpawu. Fumana ngakumbi malunga ne-IBC kunye neempawu ezinokubangela.

Isifo somhlaza webele

Umhlaza wamabele ongahlali kathathu lolunye uhlobo lwesifo esinqabileyo, esichaphazela kuphela iipesenti ezili-10 ukuya kuma-20 zabantu abanomhlaza wamabele. Ukuchongwa njengomhlaza wamabele ophindwe kathathu, i-tumor kufuneka ibe nazo zontathu ezi zinto zilandelayo:

• Ayinayo i-estrogen receptors. Ezi zi-receptors kwiiseli ezibopha, okanye zincamathele, kwihomoni estrogen. Ukuba ithumba inee-receptors ze-estrogen, i-estrogen inokuwukhulisa umhlaza.
• Ayinayo i-progesterone receptors. Ezi receptors ziiseli ezibopha kwihomoni progesterone. Ukuba ithumba inee-progesterone receptors, iprogesterone inokukhuthaza umhlaza ukuba ukhule.
• Ayinayo iiprotheyini ezongezelelweyo ze-HER2 kumphezulu wayo. I-HER2 yiprotheyini ebangela ukukhula komhlaza wamabele.

Ukuba ithumba lihlangabezana nezi nqobo zintathu, libhalwe njengomhlaza wamabele ongena kathathu. Olu hlobo lomhlaza webele lunomdla wokukhula nokusasazeka ngokukhawuleza kunezinye iintlobo zomhlaza wamabele.

Umhlaza webele onentsholongwane kathathu kunzima ukunyanga kuba unyango lwehomoni kumhlaza wamabele alusebenzi. Funda malunga nonyango kunye namaxabiso okusinda komhlaza wamabele ophindwe kathathu.

Umhlaza webele weMetastatic

Umhlaza webele weMetastatic lelinye igama lesigaba 4 somhlaza webele. Ngumhlaza wamabele osasazeke ukusuka ebeleni lakho uye kwamanye amalungu omzimba wakho, njengamathambo akho, imiphunga, okanye isibindi.

Eli linqanaba eliphambili lomhlaza wamabele. I-oncologist yakho (ugqirha womhlaza) uyakwenza isicwangciso sonyango ngenjongo yokumisa ukukhula kunye nokusasazeka kwethumba okanye amathumba. Funda malunga nokhetho kunyango lwe-metastatic cancer, kunye nezinto ezichaphazela umbono wakho.

Umhlaza webele wesilisa

Nangona ngokubanzi benokuncinci, amadoda anezicubu zamabele njengabafazi. Amadoda anokufumana umhlaza webele nawo, kodwa kunqabile kakhulu. Ngokwe-American Cancer Society (ACS), umhlaza wamabele ungaphantsi ngokuphindaphindwe kalikhulu kumadoda amhlophe kunabafazi abamhlophe, kwaye amaxesha angama-70 axhaphakile emadodeni amnyama kunabafazi abamnyama.

Oko kwathiwa, umhlaza webele ofunyanwa ngamadoda ubaluleke kakhulu njengabafazi abanomhlaza wamabele. Ikwanazo neempawu ezifanayo. Funda ngakumbi ngomhlaza wamabele emadodeni kunye neempawu ekufuneka uzilindile.

Imifanekiso yomhlaza webele

Umhlaza webele ungadala uluhlu lweempawu, kwaye ezi mpawu zinokubonakala ngokwahlukileyo kubantu abohlukeneyo.

Ukuba unenkxalabo malunga nebala okanye utshintsho kwibele yakho, kunokuba luncedo ukwazi ukuba zeziphi iingxaki zebele ukuba ngumhlaza onjani. Funda ngakumbi malunga neempawu zomhlaza wamabele, kwaye ubone imifanekiso yendlela ezinokubonakala ngayo.

Amanqanaba omhlaza webele

Umhlaza webele unokwahlulwa ngokwamanqanaba ngokusekwe ekubeni likhulu kangakanani na ithumba kunye nokuba lithe lasasazeka kangakanani. Umhlaza omkhulu kunye / okanye ohlasele izicwili okanye amalungu akufuphi akwinqanaba eliphezulu kunee-cancer ezinamancinanana kunye / okanye ezisaqulathwe ebeleni. Ukuze wenze umhlaza webele, oogqirha kufuneka bazi:

• ukuba umhlaza ungenelele okanye ungangenisi
• likhulu kangakanani ithumba
• ingaba ii-lymph node ziyabandakanyeka na
• ukuba umhlaza usasazeke kwizicwili okanye kumalungu akufuphi

Umhlaza wamabele unezigaba ezintlanu eziphambili: izigaba ze-0 ukuya kwi-5.

Inqanaba 0 umhlaza webele

Inqanaba 0 yiDCIS. Iiseli zomhlaza kwiDCIS zihlala zivalelwe kwimibhobho ebeleni kwaye azisasazekanga kwizicubu ezikufutshane.

Inqanaba 1 lomhlaza webele

• Inqanaba 1A: Ithumba lokuqala liziisentimitha ezi-2 ububanzi okanye ngaphantsi kwaye ii-lymph node azichaphazeleki.
• Inqanaba 1B: Umhlaza ufumaneka kwii-lymph node ezikufuphi, kwaye nokuba akukho lithumba ebeleni, okanye ithumba lincinci kune-2 cm.

Inqanaba 2 lomhlaza webele

• Inqanaba 2A: Ithumba lincinci kune-2 cm kwaye lisasazeke kwi-1-3 node lymph node, okanye liphakathi kwe-2 kunye ne-5 cm kwaye alinwenwanga nakweyiphi i-lymph node.
• Inqanaba 2B: I-tumor iphakathi kwe-2 kunye ne-5 cm kwaye isasazeke kwi-1-3 axillary (armpit) i-lymph nodes, okanye inkulu kune-5 cm kwaye ayizange isasaze kuyo nayiphi na i-lymph nodes.

Inqanaba 3 umhlaza webele

• Inqanaba 3A:
  • Umhlaza usasazeke kwii-lymph node ezi-4 ukuya kwi-9 okanye uzikhulisile ii-lymph node zangaphakathi, kwaye ithumba lokuqala linokuba nabuphi na ubungakanani.
  • Amathumba angaphezulu kwe-5 cm kwaye umhlaza usasazeke ukuya kwi-1-3 i-axillary lymph node okanye naziphi na iindawo zesifuba.
• Inqanaba 3B: I-tumor ihlasele udonga lwesifuba okanye ulusu kwaye inakho okanye ingangangeni kwi9 lymph node.
• Inqanaba 3C: Umhlaza ufumaneka kwii-lymph node ezili-10 nangaphezulu, ii-lymph node ezikufutshane nekhola, okanye iindawo zangaphakathi zesisu.

Inqanaba 4 lomhlaza webele

Inqanaba 4 Umhlaza webele unokuba nethumba lobuphi na ubungakanani, kwaye iiseli zomhlaza wakhe zisasazekile kwiindawo ezikufuphi nakwezikude ze-lymph kunye nakwizitho ezikude.

Ukuvavanywa ngugqirha wakho kuya kumisela inqanaba lomhlaza webele, oya kuchaphazela unyango lwakho. Fumanisa ukuba anyangwa njani amanqanaba omhlaza wamabele.

Ukuchongwa komhlaza wamabele

Ukuchonga ukuba ngaba iimpawu zakho zibangelwa ngumhlaza webele okanye imeko yebele enobungozi, ugqirha wakho uya kwenza uvavanyo lomzimba ngokugqibeleleyo ukongeza kuvavanyo lwebele. Banokucela uvavanyo olunye okanye nangaphezulu ukunceda ukuqonda ukuba yintoni ebangela iimpawu zakho.

Uvavanyo olunokunceda ukufumanisa umhlaza webele lubandakanya:

• Isisombululo. Eyona ndlela ixhaphakileyo yokubona ngaphantsi komphezulu webele kukuvavanywa komfanekiso obizwa ngokuba yi-mammogram. Abasetyhini abaninzi abaneminyaka engama-40 nangaphezulu bafumana iimammograms zonyaka ukujonga umhlaza wamabele. Ukuba ugqirha wakho ukrokrela ukuba unokuba nethumba okanye indawo ekrokrisayo, baya kuthi bacele i-mammogram. Ukuba indawo engaqhelekanga ibonakala kwi-mammogram yakho, ugqirha unokucela iimvavanyo ezongezelelweyo.
• I-Ultrasound. Isifuba se-ultrasound sisebenzisa amaza esandi ukwenza umfanekiso wezicubu ezinzulu esifubeni sakho. I-ultrasound inokunceda ugqirha wakho ukuba ahlule phakathi kobunzima obuqinileyo, njenge-tumor, kunye ne-cyst enobungozi.

Ugqirha wakho unokuphinda acebise iimvavanyo ezinje nge-MRI okanye i-biopsy yebele. Funda ngezinye iimvavanyo ezinokusetyenziselwa ukufumanisa umhlaza webele.

Isifuba sebele

Ukuba ugqirha wakho ukrokrela umhlaza webele, banoku-odola zombini i-mammogram kunye ne-ultrasound. Ukuba zombini ezi mvavanyo azinako ukuxelela ugqirha wakho ukuba unomdlavuza, ugqirha wakho angenza uvavanyo olubizwa ngokuba yi-biopsy yebele.

Ngethuba lovavanyo, ugqirha wakho uya kususa isampuli yesicubu kwindawo ekrokrisayo ukuze ivavanywe. Kukho iintlobo ezininzi ze-biopsies zesifuba. Ngezinye zezi mvavanyo, ugqirha wakho usebenzisa inaliti ukuthatha isampuli yethishu. Nabanye, benza ukusikwa ebeleni lakho emva koko basuse isampulu.

Ugqirha wakho uya kuthumela iisampuli zelebhu elebhu. Ukuba kuvavanyo lwesampulu lukhona kumhlaza, ilebhu inokuluvavanya ngakumbi ukuxelela ugqirha wakho ukuba unjani uhlobo lomhlaza onawo. Funda ngakumbi malunga ne-biopsies yebele, indlela yokulungiselela enye, kunye nokuba ulindele ntoni.

Unyango lomhlaza webele

Inqanaba lomhlaza webele, ukuba lihlasele kude kangakanani (ukuba linalo), kwaye ukuba likhulu kangakanani ithumba likhule lonke lidlala indima enkulu ekumiseleni ukuba loluphi uhlobo lonyango oza kuludinga.

Ukuqala, ugqirha wakho uya kugqiba ubungakanani bomhlaza wakho, isigaba, kunye nebanga (ukuba kunokwenzeka ukukhula nokukhula). Emva koko, unokuxoxa ngonyango lwakho. Utyando lolona nyango luqhelekileyo lomhlaza wamabele. Abasetyhini abaninzi banezongezo zonyango, ezinje ngekhemotherapy, unyango olujolisiweyo, imitha, okanye unyango lwehomoni.

Ugqirha

Iindidi ezininzi zotyando zingasetyenziselwa ukususa umhlaza webele, kubandakanya:

• Lumpectomy. Le nkqubo isusa ithumba kunye nezinye izicwili ezijikelezileyo, ishiye lonke ibele liqinile.
• Mastectomy. Kule nkqubo, ugqirha ususa lonke ibele, kwaye kwi-mastectomy ephindwe kabini, omabini amabele ayasuswa.
• I-Sentinel node biopsy. Olu tyando lususa ii-lymph node ezimbalwa ezifumana amanzi kwi-tumor. Ezi lymph node ziya kuvavanywa. Ukuba abanawo umhlaza, kusenokungafuneki ukuba wenze utyando olongezelelweyo ukuze ususe ii-lymph node ezininzi.
• I-Axillary lymph node dissection. Ukuba i-lymph nodes isuswe ngexesha le-sentinel node biopsy iqulethe iiseli zomhlaza, ugqirha wakho unokususa ii-lymph node ezongezelelweyo.
• Ukuhanjiswa kwepraphylactic mastectomy. Nangona umhlaza webele ubakhona kwisifuba esinye kuphela, abanye abantu basetyhini bakhetha ukuba ne-prophylactic mastectomy. Olu tyando lususa ibele lakho elisempilweni ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokuba nomhlaza wamabele kwakhona.

Unyango ngemitha

Ngonyango lwemitha, imitha ye-radiation enamandla asetyenziselwa ukujolisa nokubulala iiseli zomhlaza. Uninzi lonyango lwemitha lusebenzisa imitha yelanga yangaphandle. Obu buchule busebenzisa umatshini omkhulu ngaphandle komzimba.

Inkqubela phambili kunyango lomhlaza ikwenze ukuba oogqirha bakwazi ukuhambisa umhlaza ngaphakathi emzimbeni. Olu hlobo lonyango lwemitha lubizwa ngokuba yi-brachytherapy. Ukuqhuba i-brachytherapy, oogqirha bafaka imbewu ene-radioactive, okanye iipellets, ngaphakathi komzimba kufutshane nendawo yethumba. Imbewu ihlala apho ixesha elincinci kwaye isebenza ukutshabalalisa iiseli zomhlaza.

Unyango ngamayeza

I-Chemotherapy yonyango lweziyobisi olusetyenziselwa ukutshabalalisa iiseli zomhlaza. Abanye abantu banokufumana ichemotherapy bebodwa, kodwa olu hlobo lonyango luhlala lusetyenziswa kunye nolunye unyango, ngakumbi utyando.

Ngamanye amaxesha, oogqirha bakhetha ukunika izigulana ichemotherapy ngaphambi kotyando. Ithemba kukuba unyango luya kunciphisa i-tumor, kwaye emva koko utyando aluyi kufuna ukuba lube lukhulu. I-Chemotherapy ineziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezininzi, ke xoxa noxinzelelo lwakho ngaphambi kokuba uqale unyango.

Unyango lweHormone

Ukuba uhlobo lwakho lomhlaza webele lubuthathaka kwiihomoni, ugqirha wakho unokukuqala kunyango lwehomoni. I-Estrogen kunye neprogesterone, iihomoni ezimbini zabasetyhini, zinokukhuthaza ukukhula kwezidumbu zomhlaza wamabele. Unyango lweHormone lusebenza ngokuthintela ukuveliswa komzimba wakho kwezi hormone, okanye ngokuthintela ii-hormone receptors kwiiseli zomhlaza. Eli nyathelo linokunceda ukucotha kwaye ngokunokwenzeka kumise ukukhula komhlaza wakho.

Amayeza

Unyango oluthile luyilelwe ukuhlasela ukungaqheleki okuthile okanye utshintsho kwiiseli zomhlaza. Umzekelo, iHerceptin (trastuzumab) inokuthintela imveliso yomzimba wakho yeprotheni ye-HER2. I-HER2 inceda iiseli zomhlaza wamabele ukuba zikhule, ke ukuthatha amayeza ukuphelisa ukuveliswa kwale proteni kunokunceda ukukhula komhlaza kancinci.

Ugqirha wakho uza kukuxelela ngakumbi ngalo naluphi na unyango abalucebisayo. Funda ngakumbi malunga nonyango lomhlaza wamabele, kunye nendlela iihomoni ezichaphazela ngayo ukukhula komhlaza.

Unonophelo lomhlaza webele

Ukuba ufumanisa iqhuma okanye ibala elingaqhelekanga esifubeni sakho, okanye unazo naziphi na iimpawu zomhlaza wamabele, yenza idinga lokubonana nogqirha wakho. Amathuba alungile ukuba ayisiwo umhlaza wamabele. Umzekelo, zininzi ezinye izinto ezinokubangela amaqhuma amabele.

Kodwa ukuba ingxaki yakho iba ngumhlaza, gcinani engqondweni ukuba unyango lwangoko ngundoqo. Umhlaza webele okwinqanaba lokuqala unokunyangwa kwaye uphiliswe ukuba ufumaneka ngokukhawuleza ngokwaneleyo. Okukhona umhlaza webele uyekelwa ukuba ukhule, kokukhona unyango luya lubanzima.

Ukuba sele ufumene isifo somhlaza webele, gcinani engqondweni ukuba unyango lomhlaza luyaqhubeka ukuphucula, njengoko kunjalo neziphumo. Ke landela isicwangciso sakho sonyango kwaye uzame ukuhlala unethemba. Fumanisa ngakumbi malunga nembonakalo yamanqanaba ahlukeneyo omhlaza wamabele.

Uxhaphake kangakanani umhlaza webele?

Umhlaza webele Healthline sisoftware yasimahla yabantu abaye bajongana nesifo somhlaza wamabele. Insiza iyafumaneka kwiVenkile yeVenkile nakwiGoogle Play. Khuphela apha.

Ngokwengxelo yebele, umhlaza wamabele ngowona mhlaza uxhaphakileyo kwabasetyhini. Ngokwezibalo ezivela kwi-ACS, malunga nama-268,600 amatyala amatsha omhlaza wamabele kulindeleke ukuba abhaqwe e-United States ngo-2019. Umhlaza webele ohlaselayo ngumhlaza osele usanda ukusuka kwimibhobho okanye amadlala uye kwezinye iindawo zesifuba. Bangaphezu kwama-41,000 abasetyhini ekulindeleke ukuba babhubhe ngenxa yesi sifo.

Umhlaza webele unokuchongwa emadodeni. I-ACS ikwathelekelela ukuba ngo-2019, ngaphezulu kwamadoda angama-2 600 aya kufunyaniswa, kwaye malunga nama-500 amadoda aya kufa kwesi sifo. Fumana ngakumbi ngamanani omhlaza wamabele kwihlabathi liphela.

Imingcipheko yomhlaza webele

Zininzi izinto ezinobungozi ezonyusa amathuba akho okuba nomhlaza wamabele. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba nayo nayiphi na kwezi akuthethi ukuba uya kusihlakulela ngokuqinisekileyo esi sifo.

Eminye yemingcipheko ayinakuphetshwa, njengembali yosapho. Ungabutshintsha obunye ubungozi, njengokutshaya. Imiba yomngcipheko womhlaza webele ibandakanya:

• Ubudala. Umngcipheko wokuba nomhlaza wamabele uyanda njengoko ukhula. Uninzi lwee-cancer zomhlaza zamabele zifunyanwa kwabasetyhini abangaphezulu kweminyaka engama-55.
• Ukusela utywala. Ukusela kakhulu utywala kunyusa umngcipheko.
• Ukuba nezicubu zamabele ezixineneyo. Izicubu zamabele ezixineneyo zenza iimilogram kube nzima ukuzifunda. Yonyusa umngcipheko womhlaza wamabele.
• Isini. mhlophe Abasetyhini banamathuba aphindwe kalikhulu okuba nomhlaza webele kunamadoda amhlophe, kwaye abafazi abamnyama banamathuba angama-70 okuba nomhlaza webele kunamadoda amnyama.
• Imfuza. Abasetyhini abane-BRCA1 kunye ne-BRCA2 yokutshintsha kwemfuza kunokwenzeka ukuba baphuhlise umhlaza wamabele kunabasetyhini abangenayo. Olunye uguquko kwimfuza lunokuchaphazela umngcipheko wakho.
• Ukuya esikhathini kwangoko. Ukuba unethuba lakho lokuqala ngaphambi kweminyaka eyi-12, unobungozi obuninzi bomhlaza wesifuba.
• Ukubeleka sele umdala. Abasetyhini abangenabo umntwana wabo wokuqala de emva kweminyaka engama-35 banomngcipheko okhulayo womhlaza wesifuba.
• Unyango lweHormone. Abasetyhini abathathe okanye bathatha i-postmenopausal estrogen kunye neprogesterone amayeza ukunciphisa iimpawu zabo zokuyeka ukuya exesheni banomngcipheko ophezulu womhlaza webele.
• Umngcipheko ozelwe njengelifa. Ukuba isalamane esisondeleyo sinomhlaza webele, unobungozi bokukhula. Oku kubandakanya umama wakho, umakhulu, udade, okanye intombi. Ukuba awunayo imbali yosapho yomhlaza webele, usenakho ukuba nomhlaza webele. Ngapha koko, uninzi lwabasetyhini abakhulayo abanayo imbali yosapho yesi sifo.
• Ukuyeka ukuya exesheni emva kwexesha. Abasetyhini abangaqali ukuya exesheni de kube emva kweminyaka engama-55 kunokwenzeka ukuba babe nomhlaza wamabele.
• Ungaze ukhulelwe. Abasetyhini abangazange bakhulelwe okanye abangazange bathwale ukukhulelwa ixesha elipheleleyo kunokwenzeka ukuba babe nomhlaza wamabele.
• Umhlaza wamabele wangaphambili. Ukuba unomdlavuza webele kwisifuba esisodwa, unobungozi obuninzi bokuba nomhlaza wesifuba kwelinye ibele okanye kwindawo eyahlukileyo yesifuba esasichaphazelekayo ngaphambili.

Inqanaba lokusinda komhlaza webele

Amanqanaba okusinda komhlaza webele ahluka ngokubanzi ngokusekwe kwizinto ezininzi. Ezimbini zezona zinto zibalulekileyo luhlobo lomhlaza onawo kunye nenqanaba lomhlaza ngexesha ofumana isifo. Ezinye izinto ezinokudlala indima zibandakanya iminyaka yakho, isini, kunye nohlanga.

Iindaba ezimnandi ngamaqondo okusinda komhlaza wamabele ayaphucuka. Ngokutsho kwe-ACS, ngo-1975, iminyaka emi-5 yokuphila komhlaza wesifuba kwabasetyhini yayingama-75.2 ekhulwini. Kodwa kwabasetyhini abafunyaniswe phakathi kwe-2008 kunye ne-2014, yayiyiipesenti ezingama-90.6. Iminyaka emihlanu yokusinda komhlaza webele yahlukile ngokuxhomekeka kwinqanaba lokuxilongwa, ukusukela kwiipesenti ezingama-99 zalapha ekhaya, kumanqanaba okuqala omhlaza ukuya kwiipesenti ezingama-27 zecancer eziphambili, zemastastatic. Fumana ngakumbi ngamanani okusinda kunye nezinto ezibachaphazelayo.

Uthintelo lomhlaza webele

Nangona kukho izinto ezinobungozi ongenakukwazi ukuzilawula, ukulandela indlela yokuphila enempilo, ukufumana ukuhlolwa rhoqo, kunye nokuthatha nayiphi na indlela yokukhusela ugqirha wakho ucebisa ngayo kunokukunceda ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokuba nomhlaza wesifuba.

Izinto zokuphila

Izinto zokuphila zinokuchaphazela umngcipheko womhlaza wamabele. Umzekelo, abasetyhini abatyebe kakhulu banomngcipheko ophezulu wokuba nomhlaza wamabele. Ukugcina ukutya okunempilo kunye nokuzilolonga ngakumbi kunokukunceda ukunciphisa umzimba kunye nokunciphisa umngcipheko.

Ukusela kakhulu utywala kukonyusa umngcipheko. Kuyinyani ukuba neziselo ezibini nangaphezulu ngosuku, kunye nokuzinkcinkca ngotywala. Nangona kunjalo, olunye uphando lufumanise ukuba nokuba isiselo esinye ngosuku sonyusa umngcipheko womhlaza wamabele. Ukuba usela utywala, thetha nogqirha wakho malunga nesixa abancomela sona.

Uvavanyo lomhlaza webele

Ukuba ne-mammograms rhoqo akunakuwuthintela umhlaza wamabele, kodwa kunokunceda ukunciphisa amathuba okuba angabonakali. Ikholeji yaseMelika yoGqirha (ACP) ibonelela ngezi ngcebiso zilandelayo ngokubanzi kubafazi abasemngciphekweni ophakathi womhlaza wamabele:

• Abafazi abaneminyaka engama-40 ukuya kwengama-49: I-mammogram yonyaka ayikhuthazwa, kodwa abafazi kufuneka baxoxe ngokukhetha kwabo kunye noogqirha babo.
• Abafazi abaneminyaka engama-50 ukuya kwengama-74: Kucetyiswa i-mammogram rhoqo ngonyaka.
• Abafazi 75 nangaphezulu: Iimammograms azisacetyiswa.

I-ACP ikwacebisa ngokuchasene nee-mammograms zabasetyhini abanokuphila iminyaka eli-10 okanye ngaphantsi.

Ezi zikhokelo kuphela, kwaye iingcebiso ezivela kwiAmerican Cancer Society (ACS) zahlukile. Ngokwe-ACS, abasetyhini banelungelo lokufumana ukuhlolwa konyaka kwiminyaka engama-40 ubudala, baqale ukuvavanywa minyaka le baneminyaka engama-45 ubudala, kwaye baye kwiscreen se-biennial kwiminyaka engama-55 ubudala.

Iingcebiso ezithile zeemammograms zahlukile kumfazi ngamnye, ke thetha nogqirha wakho ukuze ubone ukuba kuya kufuneka ufumane iimammograms rhoqo.

Unyango lokuqala

Abanye abantu basetyhini basemngciphekweni owandayo wokuba nomhlaza wamabele ngenxa yemfuza. Umzekelo, ukuba umama okanye utata wakho une-BRCA1 okanye i-BRCA2 uguquko, usengozini enkulu yokuba nayo. Oku kuphakamisa kakhulu umngcipheko womhlaza wamabele.

Ukuba usemngciphekweni woku kuguquka, thetha nogqirha wakho malunga nonyango kunye neprophylactic. Unokufuna ukuvavanywa ukufumanisa ukuba ngokuqinisekileyo unalo na utshintsho. Kwaye ukuba ufumanisa ukuba unayo, xoxa nodokotela wakho nawaphi na amanyathelo anokuthabatha ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokuba nomhlaza wamabele. La manyathelo anokubandakanya iprophylactic mastectomy (ukususwa ngotyando lwebele).

Uvavanyo lwebele

Ukongeza kwiimammograms, iimviwo zebele yenye indlela yokujonga imiqondiso yomhlaza wamabele.

Ukuzivavanya ngokwakho

Abasetyhini abaninzi bayazihlola amabele. Kungcono ukwenza olu vavanyo kube kanye ngenyanga, ngexesha elinye ngenyanga nganye. Uviwo lunokukunceda ukuba uqhelane nendlela amabele akho ahlala ejongeka ngayo kwaye uzive ukuze wazi ngalo naluphi na utshintsho olwenzekayo.

Gcina ukhumbula, nangona kunjalo, ukuba i-ACS ithathela ingqalelo ezi mviwo njengezikhethiweyo, kuba uphando lwangoku alubonisanga sibonelelo sicacileyo seemviwo zomzimba, nokuba zenziwa ekhaya okanye ngugqirha.

Uviwo lwebele

Izikhokelo ezifanayo zokuzihlola ngokwakho ezibonelelwe apha ngasentla ziyinyani kwiimviwo zebele ezenziwe ngugqirha wakho okanye ngumboneleli wezempilo. Abayi kukulimaza, kwaye ugqirha wakho angenza uvavanyo lwebele ngexesha lotyelelo lwakho lonyaka.

Ukuba uneempawu ezikukhathazayo, licebo elihle ukuba ugqirha wakho enze uvavanyo lwebele. Ngexesha loviwo, ugqirha wakho uya kujonga omabini amabele akho amabala angaqhelekanga okanye iimpawu zomhlaza wamabele. Ugqirha wakho unokujonga namanye amalungu omzimba wakho ukuba abone ukuba ngaba iimpawu onazo zinokunxulumana nenye imeko. Funda kabanzi malunga nokuba ugqirha wakho unokujonga ntoni ngexesha lokuvavanywa kwebele.

Ukwazisa ngomhlaza webele

Ngethamsanqa kwabasetyhini nakumadoda kwihlabathi liphela, abantu namhlanje bayazi ngakumbi ngemiba enxulumene nomhlaza wamabele. Imizamo yokwazisa ngomhlaza wamabele incede abantu bafunde ukuba yeyiphi na imingcipheko yabo, banokuthi banciphise njani inqanaba lomngcipheko, zeziphi iimpawu ekufuneka bezijongile, kwaye zeziphi iintlobo zovavanyo ekufuneka bezifumene.

Inyanga yokwazisa ngomhlaza wamabele ibanjwa rhoqo ngo-Okthobha, kodwa abantu abaninzi bayalisasaza eli lizwi unyaka wonke. Jonga ezi blogs zomhlaza wamabele ukuba nolwazi lomntu wokuqala kubantu basetyhini abaphila nesi sifo ngothando nangoburharha.