Yintoni i-asthma encinci?

Umxholo

• Zeziphi iintlobo zesifo sombefu esibuhlungu?
• Uhlobo lwe-1
• Uhlobo lwe-2
• Zeziphi izinto ezinobungozi besifo sombefu?
• Isifo sombefu esibuhlungu samkelwe njani?
• Silawulwa njani isifo sombefu?
• Unyango lweziyobisi
• Unyango lweziyobisi ezingekho mgangathweni
• Ithini imbono yakho ngesifo sombefu esibuhlungu?
• Iingcebiso zokuthintela uhlaselo lwesifuba

Ushwankathelo

Isifo sombefu esibuhlungu yifom enqabileyo yesifo sesifuba. Igama elithi "brittle" lithetha ukuba kunzima ukulawula. Isifo sombefu esibizwa ngokuba yi-Brittle asthma sikwabizwa ngokuba sisifo sombefu esingazinzanga okanye esingalindelekanga kuba ngesiquphe sinokuba sisisongelo sobomi.

Ngokungafaniyo neentlobo ezinobunzima besifo sombefu, i-brittle asthma ithande ukunganyangeki kunyango oluqhelekileyo, njenge-inhalled corticosteroids. Ingasongela ubomi, kwaye kubandakanya ukutyelelwa ngakumbi ngugqirha, ukulaliswa esibhedlele, kunye nonyango kunezinye iintlobo zesifo sombefu.

I-brittle asthma ichaphazela malunga neepesenti ezingama-0.05 zabantu abanesifuba. Asingabo bonke oogqirha abavumelana nokusetyenziswa kolu luhlu, njengoko abanye abantu abane-asthma abaneempawu ezilawulwayo benokuba nakho ukufumana uhlaselo lwe-asthma olusongela ubomi.

Zeziphi iintlobo zesifo sombefu esibuhlungu?

Kukho iintlobo ezimbini zesifo sombefu esibuhlungu. Zombini zinzima, kodwa zineendlela ezahlukeneyo zobukhali.

Uhlobo lwe-1

Olu hlobo lwesifo sombefu esibuhlungu lubandakanya amaxesha okuphefumla mihla le kunye nokuhlaselwa ngesiquphe okuthe kratya. Ukuphefumla kulinganiswa ngokwendlela yokuphuma okuphezulu (PEF). Ukufumanisa ukuba unale meko, kuyakufuneka ube neenguqulelo zemihla ngemihla zokuphefumla ngaphezulu kweepesenti ezingama-50 zexesha elingaphezulu kweenyanga ezintlanu.

Abantu abane-type 1 nabo bahlala benamajoni omzimba angasebenzi kakuhle kwaye banokuba sengozini yokuphefumla. Ngaphezulu kweepesenti ezingama-50 zabantu abane-asthma ye-brittle ye-brittle abanokutya kokutya kwengqolowa kunye neemveliso zobisi. Unokufuna ukwamkelwa esibhedlele rhoqo ukuzinzisa iimpawu zakho.

Uhlobo lwe-2

Ngokungafaniyo nohlobo 1 lwesifuba, esi sifo sinokulawulwa kakuhle ngamachiza ixesha elide. Nangona kunjalo, xa uhlaselo olubi lwe-asthma lwenzeka, luya kuza ngesiquphe, ngesiqhelo kwiiyure ezintathu. Usenokungakwazi ukubona naziphi na izinto ezinokubangela zibangele.

Olu hlobo lokuhlaselwa sisifo sombefu ludinga ukhathalelo olungxamisekileyo olukhawulezileyo, kuhlala kubandakanya inkxaso yokuphefumla Ingasongela ubomi ukuba ayinyangwa ngokukhawuleza.

Zeziphi izinto ezinobungozi besifo sombefu?

Izizathu zesifo se-asthma esibi azaziwa, kodwa ezinye izinto zomngcipheko zichongiwe. Uninzi lwezinto ezinobungozi be-asthma e-brittle zifana nezo zincinci ye-asthma. Oku kubandakanya imeko yomsebenzi wakho wemiphunga, unexesha elingakanani unesifo sombefu, kunye nobukrakra bokwaliwa komzimba wakho.

Ukuba ngumfazi phakathi kweminyaka eyi-15 ukuya kuma-55 kwandisa umngcipheko wohlobo 1 lwesifo sombefu. Uhlobo lwe-2 lwesifuba sombefu lubonwa ngokulinganayo kumadoda nabasetyhini.

Imingcipheko eyongezelelweyo yesifo se-asthma esibuhlungu kubandakanya:

• ukutyeba kakhulu, okuhlala kuhamba kunye nokuphefumla kokulala
• Ukutshintsha kwemfuza ethile, kubandakanya ukumelana nemfuza ezithile kumachiza esifuba
• Ukuchaphazeleka kobume bendalo kwizidambisi, ezinje ngothuli, amaphela, ukungunda, ikati yokuhambahamba kunye namahashe
• ukutya okwaliwa kukutya, kubandakanya nokwaliwa ziimveliso zobisi, ingqolowa, intlanzi, isitrasi, iqanda, iitapile, isoyi, amandongomane, imvubelo kunye netshokholethi
• ukutshaya icuba
• izifo zokuphefumla, ngakumbi ebantwaneni
• i-sinusitis, echaphazela iipesenti ezingama-80 zabantu abanesifuba esibi
• Izifo ezinjenge-mycoplasma kunye ne-chlamydia
• inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela
• iinguqu kulwakhiwo kwiindlela zomoya
• iimeko zengqondo, kubandakanya nokudakumba

Ubudala bunokuba ngumngcipheko. Kwisifundo esinye sabantu abangama-80 abane-asthma enzima, equka i-asthma e-brittle, abaphandi bafumanisa ukuba:

• phantse isibini kwisithathu sabathathi-nxaxheba baphuhlise isifuba ngaphambi kweminyaka eyi-12
• Isinye kwisithathu siphuhlise isifuba emva kweminyaka eyi-12
• Iipesenti ezingama-98 zabathathi-nxaxheba bokuqala babe neziphumo ezilungileyo zokungabikho komzimba
• Iipesenti ezingama-76 kuphela zabathathi-nxaxheba abafika emva kwexesha babe neziphumo ezilungileyo zokwaliwa komzimba
• abantu abane-asthma yokuqala kwangoko bahlala benembali yosapho ye-eczema kunye ne-asthma
• Abantu base-Afrika baseMelika basemngciphekweni wokonyuka kwesifuba

Ngokuchanekileyo ukuba ezi zinto zinegalelo njani kwisifo sombefu esibuhlungu sisifundo sophando oluqhubekayo.

Isifo sombefu esibuhlungu samkelwe njani?

Ukufumanisa ukuba une-asthma e-brittle, ugqirha wakho uya kukuvavanya ngokomzimba, alinganise ukusebenza kwemiphunga kunye ne-PEF, kwaye abuze malunga neempawu kunye nembali yosapho. Kuya kufuneka bakhuphe nezinye izifo ezinokuphazamisa ukusebenza kwemiphunga yakho, njengecystic fibrosis.

Ubukrakra beempawu zakho kunye nempendulo yakho kunyango iya kudlala indima enkulu ekuchongeni isifo.

Silawulwa njani isifo sombefu?

Ukulawula isifo sombefu esintsonkothileyo kunzima kwaye kufuna indlela yomntu ngamnye kumntu ngamnye. Ugqirha wakho uya kuxoxa malunga neengxaki ezinokubakho kule meko. Banokukucebisa ukuba udibane nomcebisi wesifuba okanye iqela ukuze usiqonde ngcono isifo kunye nonyango.

Ugqirha wakho uya kunyanga kwaye abeke esweni nasiphi na isifo esihamba naso onokuba unaso, njenge-gastroesophageal reflux (GERD), ukutyeba kakhulu, okanye ukuthintela i-apnea yokulala. Baza kujonga ukusebenzisana phakathi kokunyanga amayeza kwezi zifo kunye nesifuba sakho.

Unyango lweziyobisi

Unyango lwe-asthma brittle lunokubandakanya indibaniselwano yeziyobisi, ezinje:

• I-corticosteroids ebhalwe ngaphakathi
• ii-agonists ze-beta
• Iinguqulelo zeleukotriene
• ngomlomo theophylline
• tiotropium bromide

Akukho zifundo zexesha elide zonyango oludibeneyo lweziyobisi, ke ugqirha wakho uya kujonga ngenyameko impendulo yakho. Ukuba i-asthma yakho ilawulwa ngonyango oludibeneyo, ugqirha wakho unokuhlengahlengisa iziyobisi zakho kwiidosi ezisezantsi ezisebenzayo.

Abanye abantu abane-asthma e-brittle bayamelana ne-inhalled corticosteroids. Ugqirha wakho unokuzama i-corticosteroids enganyangekiyo okanye anike ukusetyenziswa kwabo kabini ngemini. Ugqirha wakho unokuzama i-corticosteroids yomlomo, kodwa ezi zineziphumo ebezingalindelekanga, ezinje nge-osteoporosis, kwaye kufuneka zibekwe esweni.

Ugqirha wakho unokuphinda acebise ezi zonyango zilandelayo ukongeza kwi-steroids:

• I-Macrolide antibiotics. Iziphumo ezivela zibonisa ukuba i-clarithromycin (i-Biaxin) inokunciphisa ukuvuvukala, kodwa uphando olongezelelweyo luyafuneka.
• Unyango ngokuchasene nokungunda. ibonisa ukuba itraconazole yomlomo (Sporanox), ithathwa kabini ngemini iiveki ezisibhozo, iphucula iimpawu.
• I-anti-immunoglobulin E yomzimba ophindaphindiweyo. I-Omalizumab (i-Xolair), enikwa inyanga nenyanga phantsi kolusu, inefuthe elihle kubukhali beempawu kunye nomgangatho wobomi. Eli yeza liyabiza kwaye linokubangela iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga.
• I-Terbutaline (iBrethine). Le beta agonist, enikezelwa ngokuqhubekekayo phantsi kolusu okanye inhaled, ibonakalisiwe ukuphucula ukusebenza kwemiphunga kwezinye izifundo zeklinikhi.

Unyango lweziyobisi ezingekho mgangathweni

Ezinye iintlobo zonyango zinokuba luncedo ekunciphiseni ubukrakra beempawu kwabanye abantu abangaphenduli kakuhle kunyango oluqhelekileyo. Ezi zonyango zonyango phantsi kovavanyo lweklinikhi:

• Idosi enye ye-intramuscular triamcinolone. Kuvavanyo lweklinikhi, olu nyango lwabonwa ukunciphisa ukudumba kubantu abadala kunye nenani leengxaki zesifuba kubantwana.
• Unyango oluchasayo, njenge-tumor necrosis factor-alpha inhibitors. Abanye abantu, la machiza amajoni omzimba.
• Iiarhente zokuzikhusela emzimbeni ezinje ngecyclosporin A. Abanye bababonisa ukuba baneziphumo eziluncedo.
• Olunye unyango oluguqula inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela, enje nge-deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) yokugonya, ikwizifundo zokuqala zeklinikhi kwaye zibonisa isithembiso njengezonyango ezizayo.

Ithini imbono yakho ngesifo sombefu esibuhlungu?

Isitshixo sokulawula isifo sombefu esibuhlungu ngempumelelo kukwazi imiqondiso yokuhlaselwa ngokuqatha kunye nokuzazi izinto zakho ezibangela ukuba uhlaselwe sisifo esibi. Ukufumana uncedo olukhawulezileyo kungasindisa ubomi bakho.

Ukuba unohlobo lwe-2, kubalulekile ukusebenzisa i-EpiPen yakho kumqondiso wokuqala woxinzelelo.

Unokufuna ukuthatha inxaxheba kwiqela lokuxhasa abantu abanesifo sombefu esibuhlungu. I-Asthma kunye ne-Allergy Foundation yaseMelika inokukufaka kunxibelelwano namaqela enkxaso yalapha.

Iingcebiso zokuthintela uhlaselo lwesifuba

Kukho izinto onokuzenza ukunceda ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokuhlaselwa sisifo sombefu:

• Nciphisa uthuli lwendlu ngokucoca rhoqo, uze unxibe imaski ukuzikhusela eluthulini njengoko ucoceka.
• Sebenzisa isixhobo sokungenisa umoya okanye uzame ukugcina iifestile zivaliwe ngexesha lonyaka lomungu.
• Gcina inqanaba lokufuma lilungile. Isihluzi sinokunceda ukuba uhlala kwimozulu eyomileyo.
• Sebenzisa izigqubuthelo ezingqina uthuli kwimiqamelo nakwiimatrasi ukunciphisa izibungu zothuli kwigumbi lokulala.
• Ukuphelisa ikhaphethi apho kufanelekileyo, kunye nokucoca okanye uhlambe iikhethini kunye nee-shades.
• Lawula ukungunda ekhitshini nakwigumbi lokuhlambela, kwaye ucoce iyadi yakho yamagqabi kunye neenkuni ezinokukhulisa ukungunda.
• Kulumkele ukudada kwezilwanyana zasekhaya. Ngamanye amaxesha isicoci somoya sinokunceda. Ukuhlamba isilwanyana sakho esinoboya rhoqo kuya kunceda ukugcina ukudada ezantsi.
• Khusela umlomo wakho kunye nempumlo xa ungaphandle kubanda.