Ishedyuli yokugonya emva kweminyaka emi-4

Umxholo

• Ishedyuli yokugonya phakathi kweminyaka emi-4 ukuya kweli-19
• Iminyaka emi-4
• Iminyaka emi-5
• iminyaka esithoba ubudala
• Iminyaka eli-10 ukuya kweli-19
• Nini ukuya kugqirha emva kogonyo

Ukusukela kwiminyaka emi-4 ubudala, umntwana kufuneka athathe idosi yokunyusa ezinye izitofu, ezinjengepoliyo kunye naleyo ikhusela kwi-diphtheria, isifo sokuqina kwemiphunga kunye nokukhohlela, okwaziwa ngokuba yi-DTP. Kubalulekile ukuba abazali babeke iliso kwishedyuli yokugonya kwaye bagcine izitofu zabantwana babo zisemgangathweni, ukuthintela izifo ezinokuba neziphumo ezibi empilweni kwaye zinokwenzakalisa ukukhula komzimba nengqondo yabantwana.

Kuyacetyiswa ukuba ukusukela kwiinyanga ezi-6 zobudala kulawulo lonyaka lwe-influenza, ekwabizwa ngokuba sisifo sokuthintela umkhuhlane. Kuyaboniswa ukuba xa kulawulwa okokuqala kubantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka eli-9 ubudala, kufuneka kwenziwe iidosi ezimbini kwisithuba seentsuku ezingama-30.

Ishedyuli yokugonya phakathi kweminyaka emi-4 ukuya kweli-19

Ishedyuli yokugonya umntwana yahlaziywa ngo-2020 yi-Ofisi yoMphathiswa Wezempilo, ukumisela izitofu zokugonya kunye nezikhuthazi ekufuneka zithathwe kwiminyaka nganye, njengoko kubonisiwe ngezantsi:

Iminyaka emi-4

• Ukuqiniswa kweNtsholongwane kaGawulayo kathathu (DTP), ekhusela kwi-diphtheria, isifo sokuqina kwemiphunga kunye nokukhohlela: iidosi ezintathu zokuqala zokugonya kufuneka zithathwe kwiinyanga zokuqala zobomi, kwaye iyeza lonyuselwa phakathi kweenyanga ezili-15 ukuya kwezili-18, ze emva koko libe phakathi kweminyaka emi-4 ukuya kwesi-5 ubudala. Eli yeza lokugonya liyafumaneka kwiiYunithi zeMpilo eziSisiseko okanye kwiiklinikhi zabucala, kwaye yaziwa ngokuba yi-DTPa. Funda ngakumbi malunga nogonyo lwe-DTPa.
• Ukomeleza ipoliyo: ilawulwa ngomlomo ukusuka kwiinyanga ezili-15 kwaye ukonyusa okwesibini kufuneka kwenziwe phakathi kweminyaka emi-4 nengu-5. Iidosi ezintathu zokuqala zokugonya kufuneka zinikezwe kwiinyanga zokuqala zobomi njengenaliti, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-VIP. Funda ngakumbi malunga nogonyo lwepoliyo.

Iminyaka emi-5

• Ukomeleza isitofu sokugonya iMeningococcal conjugate (MenACWY), ekhusela kwezinye iintlobo zesifo sokudumba kwenwebu yobuchopho: ifumaneka kuphela kwiiklinikhi zabucala kwaye idosi zokuqala zokugonya kufuneka zenziwe kwiinyanga ezi-3 ukuya kwezi-5. Ukomeleza, kwelinye icala, kufuneka kwenziwe phakathi kwe-12 kunye ne-15 iinyanga kwaye, kamva, phakathi kwe-5 kunye ne-6 iminyaka.

Ukongeza ekonyuseni isitofu sokugonya i-meningitis, ukuba umntwana wakho akayinyusanga i-DTP okanye ipoliyo, kuyacetyiswa ukuba uyenze.

iminyaka esithoba ubudala

• Ugonyo lwe-HPV (amantombazana), ekhusela ukusuleleka yiHuman Papilloma Virus, ethi ukongeza ekubeni inoxanduva lwe-HPV, ithintele umhlaza womlomo wesibeleko kumantombazana: kufanele ukuba ilawulwe ngeedosi ezi-3 kwishedyuli yenyanga eyi-0-2-6, kumantombazana.

Isitofu sokugonya se-HPV sinokuqhutywa kubantu abaphakathi kweminyaka eli-9 nengama-45 ubudala, kuhlala kucetyiswa ukuba abantu ukuya kuthi ga kwiminyaka eli-15 ubudala bathathe kuphela iidosi ezi-2 zokugonya ngokulandela ishedyuli ye-0-6, oko kukuthi, ithamo lesibini kufuneka lilawulwe emva Iinyanga ezi-6 zolawulo lokuqala. Funda ngakumbi malunga nogonyo lwe-HPV.

Iyeza lokugonya i-dengue linokuqhutywa ukusukela kwiminyaka ye-9, nangona kunjalo kucetyiswa kuphela abantwana abane-HIV ngeedosi ezintathu.

Iminyaka eli-10 ukuya kweli-19

• Ugonyo lwe-Meningococcal C (conjugate), ethintela i-meningitis C: idosi enye okanye isikhuthazi esinikiweyo, kuxhomekeke kubume bokugonywa komntwana;
• Isitofu sokugonya se-HPV (kubafana): kufuneka wenziwe phakathi kweminyaka eli-11 ukuya kweli-14 ubudala;
• Ugonyo lweHepatitis B: kufuneka kuthathwe ngeedosi ezi-3, ukuba umntwana akakagonyelwa;
• Ugonyo lwe yellow fever: Idosi e-1 yesitofu sokugonya kufuneka inikezwe ukuba umntwana akakagonywa;
• Umntu omdala (dT), ethintela ukubola komqala kunye ne-tetanus: kufuneka kuqiniswe rhoqo emva kweminyaka eli-10;
• Intsholongwane kathathu, ethintela imasisi, uqwilikana kunye nerubella: kufuneka kuthathwe iidosi ezi-2 ukuba umntwana akakagonyelwa;
• Ukuphucula iyeza lokugonya le-DTPa: yabantwana ababengenakho ukuqiniswa kwiminyaka ye-9.

Bukela le vidiyo ilandelayo kwaye uqonde ukubaluleka kogonyo lwezempilo:

Nini ukuya kugqirha emva kogonyo

Emva kokuthatha amayeza okugonya, kubalulekile ukuba wazi iimpawu zokusabela kwisitofu sokugonya, ezinje ngamabala abomvu kunye nokukrala kolusu, umkhuhlane ongaphezulu kwe-39ºC, ukuxhuzula, ukukhohlela kunye nokuphefumla nzima, nangona iimpendulo ezimbi ezinxulumene neliyeza zinqabile.

Nangona kunjalo, xa zivela, zihlala zibonakala malunga neeyure ezi-2 emva kokuba kwenziwe iyeza, kwaye kufuneka ubonane nogqirha ukuba iimpawu zokuphendula kugonyo azidluli emva kweveki enye. Jonga ukuba ungazinciphisa njani iziphumo ezinokubakho zokugonya.