Iqhwiqhwi

Umxholo

• Ziintoni iimpawu zentsholongwane yenkukhu?
• Yintoni ebangela irhashalala?
• Ngubani osemngciphekweni wokukhulisa irhashalala?
• Ifunyaniswa njani irhashalala?
• Zeziphi iingxaki ezinokubangelwa yirhashalala?
• Inyangwa njani irhashalala?
• Ithini imbono yexesha elide?
• Ungathintelwa njani umkhuhlane wenkukhu?

Yintoni irhashalala?

I-chickenpox, ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-varicella, ibonakaliswa ngamadyungudyungu abomvu arhawuzayo avela emzimbeni wonke. Intsholongwane ibangela le meko. Ihlala ichaphazela abantwana, kwaye yayiqhelekile kuthathwa njengenkqubo yobuntwana yokuhamba.

Kunqabile kakhulu ukuba nosuleleko lwenkukhu ngaphezu kwesinye. Kwaye okoko kwafakwa iyeza lokuthintela inkukhu phakathi kwe-1990s, iimeko ziye zancipha.

Ziintoni iimpawu zentsholongwane yenkukhu?

Irhashalala erhawuzayo luphawu oluqhelekileyo lwenkukhu. Usulelo luya kuba semzimbeni wakho malunga neentsuku ezisixhenxe ukuya kwezingama-21 ngaphambi kokukhawuleza kunye nezinye iimpawu. Uqala ukusasazeka kwabo bakungqongileyo ukuya kuthi ga kwiiyure ezingama-48 ngaphambi kokuba ukuqubuka kolusu kuqale ukubakho.

Iimpawu ezingangxamanga zinokuhlala iintsuku ezimbalwa kwaye zibandakanya:

• ifiva
• intloko ebuhlungu
• Ukuphelelwa ngumdla wokutya

Olunye okanye iintsuku ezimbini emva kokuba unamava ezi mpawu, irhashalala yakudala iya kuqala ukukhula. Irhashalala ihamba ngezigaba ezithathu ngaphambi kokuba uphinde uchache. Oku kubandakanya:

• Uphuhlisa amaqhuma abomvu okanye apinki kuwo wonke umzimba wakho.
• Amaqhuma aba ngamadyungudyungu azaliswe lulwelo oluvuzayo.
• Amaqhuma ayaqweqeka, akhwele ngaphezulu, kwaye aqale ukuphola.

Amaqhuma emzimbeni wakho awasayi kuba kwisigaba esinye ngaxeshanye. Amaqhuma amatsha aya kuthi gqolo ukuvela kusulelo lwakho. Ukukhawuleza kunokuba nzima kakhulu, ngakumbi ngaphambi kokuba kukhwele ngaphezulu.

Usasulela kude kube onke amablady asemzimbeni wakho arhabaxa. Iindawo ezinamaqhekeza ekugqibeleni ziyawa. Kuthatha iintsuku ezisixhenxe ukuya kwezili-14 ukunyamalala ngokupheleleyo.

Yintoni ebangela irhashalala?

I-Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) ibangela usulelo lwenkukhu. Uninzi lweziganeko zenzeka ngokunxibelelana nomntu osulelekileyo. Intsholongwane iyosulela kwabo bakungqongileyo kangangeentsuku ezimbini ukuya kwezimbini ngaphambi kokuba iblisters ibonakale. I-VZV ihlala ichaphazeleka de zonke i-blister zigqibe. Intsholongwane ingasasazeka nge:

• amathe
• ukukhohlela
• Ukuthimla
• ukudibana nolwelo oluvela kumadyungudyungu

Ngubani osemngciphekweni wokukhulisa irhashalala?

Ukubonakaliswa kwintsholongwane ngokusuleleka kwintsholongwane okanye ukugonya kunciphisa umngcipheko. Ukuzikhusela kwintsholongwane kungadluliselwa ukusuka kumama kuye kusana lwakhe olusandul 'ukuzalwa. Ukuzikhusela komzimba kuthatha malunga neenyanga ezintathu ukusukela ekuzalweni.

Nabani na ongekaboniswa angayifumana intsholongwane. Ukunyuka komngcipheko phantsi kwayo nayiphi na kwezi meko:

• Unonxibelelwano olutshanje nomntu osulelekileyo.
• Ungaphantsi kweminyaka eli-12 ubudala.
• Ungumntu omdala ohlala nabantwana.
• Uchithe ixesha esikolweni okanye kwindawo yokugcina abantwana.
• Amajoni akho omzimba athomalalisiwe ngenxa yokugula okanye amayeza.

Ifunyaniswa njani irhashalala?

Kuya kufuneka usoloko ubiza ugqirha wakho nangaliphi na ixesha xa uphuhlisa irash engachazwanga, ngakumbi ukuba ihamba kunye neempawu ezibandayo okanye umkhuhlane. Enye yeentsholongwane okanye usulelo inokukuchaphazela. Tshela ugqirha wakho ngoko nangoko ukuba ukhulelwe kwaye uye wachaphazeleka kwiinkukhu.

Ugqirha wakho unokukwazi ukuxilonga inkukhu esekwe kuvavanyo lomzimba lwamadyunguza kuwe okanye emzimbeni womntwana wakho. Okanye, iimvavanyo zelebhu zinokuqinisekisa unobangela wamadyunguza.

Zeziphi iingxaki ezinokubangelwa yirhashalala?

Shayela ugqirha wakho ngokukhawuleza ukuba:

• Ukukhawuleza kusasazeka emehlweni akho.
• Irhashalala libomvu kakhulu, lithenda kwaye lifudumele (iimpawu zosulelo lwesibini lwebacteria).
• Irhashalala ihamba kunye nesiyezi okanye ukuphefumla kancinci.

Xa kuvela iingxaki, zihlala zichaphazela:

• iintsana
• abadala abadala
• abantu abanamajoni omzimba abuthathaka
• abasetyhini abakhulelweyo

La maqela anokufumana i-VZV inyumoniya okanye usulelo lwebhakteria lolusu, amalungu, okanye amathambo.

Abasetyhini abatyhilekileyo ngexesha lokukhulelwa banokuzala abantwana abaneziphene zokuzalwa, kubandakanya:

• ukukhula kakubi
• intloko encinci encinci
• iingxaki zamehlo
• ukukhubazeka kwengqondo

Inyangwa njani irhashalala?

Uninzi lwabantu oluchongwe ukuba lunentsholongwane yenkuku luya kucetyiswa ukuba luphathe iimpawu zabo ngelixa belinde intsholongwane ukuba idlule kwinkqubo yabo. Abazali baya kuxelelwa ukuba bagcine abantwana bengekho esikolweni nakunonophelo lwasemini ukuthintela ukwanda kwentsholongwane. Abantu abadala abosulelekileyo baya kufuna ukuhlala ekhaya.

Ugqirha wakho unokukunika amayeza e-antihistamine okanye amafutha okuthambisa, okanye ungazithenga kwi-counter ukuze uncede ekunciphiseni ukurhawuzelela. Ungasipholisa isikhumba sokurhawuzelela ngoku:

• ukuthatha iibhafu ezifudumeleyo
• ukufaka into yokuthambisa engenamafutha
• unxibe iimpahla ezilula, ezithambileyo

Ugqirha wakho unokukunika amayeza antiviral ukuba ufumana iingxaki kwintsholongwane okanye usemngciphekweni weziphumo ezibi. Abantu abasemngciphekweni omkhulu bahlala bebancinci, abantu abadala, okanye abo baneengxaki zonyango. La machiza antiviral akayinyangi irhashalala. Benza ukuba iimpawu zingaphantsi kancinci ngokucotha umsebenzi wentsholongwane. Oku kuyakuvumela amajoni akho omzimba ukuba aphile ngokukhawuleza.

Ithini imbono yexesha elide?

Umzimba ungasombulula iimeko ezininzi zerhashalala uwedwa. Abantu bahlala bebuyela kwimisebenzi yesiqhelo kwiveki enye okanye ezimbini zokuchongwa.

Xa sele kuphilile irhashalala, abantu abaninzi bayakhuseleka kwintsholongwane. Ayizukuphinda yenziwe ngoba i-VZV ihlala ihleli emzimbeni womntu ophilileyo. Kwiimeko ezinqabileyo, inokuphinda ivele ibangele esinye isiqendu senkukhu yenkukhu.

Kuqheleke ngakumbi kwi-shingles, isifo esahlukileyo esikwabangelwa yi-VZV, ukuba senzeke kamva ebudaleni. Ukuba amajoni omzimba omntu athathaka okwethutyana, i-VZV inokuphinda isebenze ngohlobo lwe-shingles. Oku kuhlala kwenzeka ngenxa yokuguga okanye ukuba nesifo esidodobalisayo.

Ungathintelwa njani umkhuhlane wenkukhu?

Isitofu sokugonya se-chickenpox sithintela i-chickenpox kwipesenti ezingama-98 zabantu abafumana idosi ezimbini ezicetyiswayo. Umntwana wakho kufuneka athathwe xa ephakathi kweenyanga ezili-12 ukuya kwe-15 ubudala. Abantwana bafumana i-booster phakathi kweminyaka emi-4 ukuya kwe-6 ubudala.

Abantwana abadala kunye nabantu abadala abangakhange bagonywe okanye bangavezwa banokufumana iidosi zokubamba isitofu. Njengoko inkukhu irhashalala kakhulu kubantu abadala, abantu abangakhange bagonywe banokukhetha ukufumana izithonga kamva.

Abantu abangakwaziyo ukufumana isitofu sokugonya bangazama ukuyiphepha intsholongwane ngokuthintela ukunxibelelana nabantu abosulelekileyo. Kodwa oku kunokuba nzima. I-chickenpox ayinakuchongwa ngamadyungudyungu ayo de ibe sele isasazeka kwabanye kangangeentsuku.