Coloboma: yintoni na, iintlobo, iimpawu kunye nonyango

Umxholo

• Iintlobo ze-coloboma
• Iimpawu eziphambili
• Unyango lwenziwa njani

IColoboma, eyaziwa njenge-cat's eye syndrome, luhlobo lwesiphene kwiliso apho kukho utshintsho kubume beliso, elinokuthi lichaphazele ijwabu leso okanye iris, ukuze ilihlo libukeke lifana nelo ikati, nangona kunjalo ukubanakho ukubona kuhlala kuhlala kugcinwa.

Nangona i-coloboma ixhaphake kwiliso elinye, inokuba ngamacala amabini, kwezinye iimeko, ichaphazela omabini amehlo, nangona kunjalo uhlobo lwe-coloboma lungahluka ukusuka kwelinye iliso ukuya kwelinye. Alukho unyango lwolu hlobo lwesifo, kodwa unyango luyanceda ukunciphisa ezinye zeempawu kunye nokuphucula umgangatho wobomi bomntu.

Iintlobo ze-coloboma

IColoboma inokwenzeka ngenxa yokutshintsha kwemfuza okungahleliwe okunokuba lilifa okanye kwenzeke ngokuzenzekelayo ngaphandle kwezinye iimeko kusapho. Nangona kunjalo, uninzi lweziganeko zecoloboma zenzeka ngenxa yotshintsho ngexesha lokukhulelwa.

Ngokolwakhiwo lweliso elichaphazelekayo, i-coloboma inokwahlulwa ngokweendidi ezahlukeneyo, ezona ziphambili zezi:

• I-eyelid coloboma: usana luzalwa luswele isiqwenga senkophe ephezulu okanye esezantsi, kodwa sinombono oqhelekileyo;
• I-optic nerve coloboma: iinxalenye zemithambo-luvo ye-optic azikho, ezinokuphela zichaphazela umbono okanye zibangele ubumfama;
• IColoboma yeretina: i-retina ayiphuhlanga kakuhle okanye ineempazamo ezincinci ezichaphazela umbono, ezinokuthi zenze amabala amnyama kumfanekiso obonwayo, umzekelo;
• I-Macular coloboma: Kukho ukusilela kuphuhliso lommandla ophakathi weretina kwaye, ke ngoko, umbono uchaphazeleka kakhulu.

Nangona kukho iintlobo ezininzi ze-coloboma, eyona nto ixhaphakileyo yi-iris, apho i-iris inemilo eyahlukileyo kwinto eqhelekileyo, ifana neliso lekati.

Iimpawu eziphambili

Iimpawu ze-coloboma ziyahluka ngohlobo lwazo, nangona kunjalo, iimpawu kunye neempawu eziqhelekileyo zezi:

• Umfundi ngohlobo lwe 'keyhole';
• Ukungabikho kwesiqwenga sejwabu leso;
• Uvakalelo olugqithisileyo ekukhanyeni;
• Ubunzima bokukubona oko kungaphucuki ngeglasi.

Ukongeza, ukuba yi-coloboma ye-optic nerve, i-retina okanye i-macula, ukwehla okunzima kumandla okubona nako kunokuvela kwaye, kwabanye abantwana, banokuzalwa bengaboni.

Kuba olu tshintsho luhlala luhambelana nezinye iingxaki, ezinje ngekati, glaucoma okanye nystagmus, umzekelo, ugqirha unokufuna ukwenza uvavanyo oluninzi emehlweni omntwana ukuvavanya ukuba ngaba zikhona ezinye iingxaki ezifuna ukunyangwa.

Unyango lwenziwa njani

Unyango lwe-coloboma luyimfuneko kuphela xa utshintsho lubangela ubunzima ekuboneni okanye kolunye uphawu. Ngaphandle koko, i-ophthalmologist ishedyuli kuphela yokuqeshwa rhoqo kwiinyanga ezi-6 ukuvavanya ukukhula kweliso, ubuncinci kude kube li-7 leminyaka.

Kwiimeko apho unyango luyimfuneko, ubuchule obusetyenzisiweyo buyahluka ngokweempawu, kwaye kunokuboniswa:

• Ukusetyenziswa kweelensi zonxibelelwano ezinemibala: bane-iris epeyintiweyo eyenza ukuba kube lula ukufihla umfundi ngemilo efana naleyo yekati;
• Ukunxiba iiglasi zelanga okanye ukubeka izihluzi kwiifestile ukusuka ekhaya kunye nemoto: ukunceda ukunciphisa inani lokukhanya xa kukho ubuntununtunu bamehlo obuninzi;
• Utyando lwezithambiso: ikuvumela ukuba uphinde wakhe ijwabu leso elilahlekileyo okanye ubuyisele umphelo imilo yomfundi.

Xa kukho ukwehla kokubona, ugqirha wamehlo unokuzama iindlela ezahlukeneyo ezinjengeiglasi, iilensi okanye utyando lwe-lasik, ukuzama ukubona ukuba kunokwenzeka ukuphucula umbono.