Yintoni ukuxhuzula, oonobangela, iintlobo kunye neempawu

Umxholo

• Izizathu eziphambili
• Iindidi zokubanjwa
• Iimpawu kunye neempawu zokubanjwa
• Kwenziwe ntoni
• Unyango lwenziwa njani

Ukubanjwa sisifo apho ukuphazamiseka okungafunekiyo kwezihlunu zomzimba okanye inxenye yomzimba kwenzeka ngenxa yomsebenzi ogqithisileyo wombane kwezinye iindawo zobuchopho.

Kwiimeko ezininzi, ukubanjwa kuyanyangeka kwaye akunakuphinda kwenzeke, ngakumbi ukuba akunxulumene nengxaki ye-neuronal. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba kwenzeka ngenxa yengxaki enkulu yezempilo, enje ngokuxhuzula okanye ukusilela kwelungu, kunokuba yimfuneko ukwenza unyango olufanelekileyo lwesifo, ukongeza ekusebenziseni iziyobisi ezichasene nonyango, ezimiselwe ngugqirha, lawula ukubonakala kwayo.

Ukongeza kunyango, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuba wenzeni ngexa lokuthinjwa, kuba owona mngcipheko mkhulu kwezi ziqendu kukuwa, okunokubangela umothuko okanye ukukrwitshwa, ubeke ubomi bakho emngciphekweni.

Izizathu eziphambili

Ukuhluthwa kunokubangelwa ziimeko ezininzi, ezona ziphambili zezi:

• Umkhuhlane ophezulu, ngakumbi kubantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka emihlanu;
• Izifo ezinje ngokuxhuzula, meningitis, tetanus, encephalitis, usulelo lwe-HIV, umzekelo;
• Ukwenzakala entloko;
• Ukuziyeka emva kotywala kunye neziyobisi ixesha elide;
• Ukusabela okungalunganga kwamanye amayeza;
• Iingxaki zeMetabolism ezinje ngesifo seswekile, ukusilela kwezintso okanye i-hypoglycemia, umzekelo;
• Ukungabikho kweoksijini kwingqondo.

Ukubanjwa kwe-Febrile kunokwenzeka kwiiyure zokuqala ezingama-24 zomkhuhlane ebantwaneni kwaye kunokuba sisiphumo sezifo ezithile ezinje nge-otitis, i-pneumonia, umkhuhlane, ukubanda okanye i-sinusitis, umzekelo. Ngokwesiqhelo, ukuxhuzula okungathethekiyo kusongela ubomi kwaye akushiyi umntwana ngokulandelelana kwemithambo-luvo.

Uxinzelelo olukhulu lunokubangela nokudakumba okufana nokuphazamiseka kwovalo. Ngesi sizathu, ibizwa ngokungalunganga kukuhlutha kwemithambo-luvo, kodwa igama layo elichanekileyo yingxaki yokuguqula.

Iindidi zokubanjwa

Ukuhluthwa kunokuhlelwa ngokweendidi ezimbini ngokwamalungu engqondo abandakanyeka:

• Ukuhlutha okujolise, apho kufikelelwa kuphela kwi-hemisphere enye yengqondo kwaye umntu anakho okanye angalahlekelwa ziingqondo kwaye atshintshe iimoto;
• Ukubanjwa ngokubanzi, apho omabini amacala engqondo achaphazeleka kwaye ihlala ihamba kunye nokulahleka kwengqondo.

Ukongeza kolu luhlu, ukubanjwa kunokwahlulwa ngokweempawu kunye nexesha lesiqendu sokubanjwa sibe:

• Ingqwalasela elula, olu luhlobo lokubanjwa okungagungqiyo apho umntu angalahli qaphela kunye namava otshintsho kwiimvakalelo, ezinje ngevumba kunye neencasa, kunye neemvakalelo;
• Ujoliso oluntsonkothileyo, apho umntu eziva edidekile okanye enesiyezi kwaye engakwazi ukuphendula imibuzo ethile;
• I-Atonic, ukuba umntu ulahlekelwe sisandi semisipha, adlule kwaye alahlekelwe sisazela ngokupheleleyo. Olu hlobo lokuhlutha lunokwenzeka amaxesha amaninzi ngemini kwaye luhlala imizuzwana;
• I-tonic-clonic ngokubanzi, Olona hlobo luxhaphakileyo lokubanjwa kwaye lubonakaliswa kukuqina kwemisipha kunye nokuchasana kwezihlunu okungazibandakanyi, ukongeza kwi-salivation egqithisileyo kunye nokukhupha izandi. Olu hlobo lokuthimba luhlala malunga nemizuzu emi-1 ukuya kwezi-3 kwaye emva kokubanjwa umntu uziva ediniwe kakhulu kwaye akayikhumbuli into amakayenze;
• Ukungabikho, ehlala ixhaphakile ebantwaneni kwaye ibonakaliswa kukuphulukana nokunxibelelana nehlabathi langaphandle, apho umntu ahlala engaboni kakuhle kwaye ethe ntsho kwimizuzwana embalwa, ebuyela kulo msebenzi ngokwesiqhelo ngokungathi akwenzekanga nto.

Kubalulekile ukuba unike ingqalelo kwiziqendu zokuthimba, ngakumbi ekuthinjweni, kuba njengoko inobukrelekrele kakhulu, inokungabonakali kwaye ilibazise ukuxilongwa kunye nonyango.

Iimpawu kunye neempawu zokubanjwa

Ukufumanisa ukuba kukuhlutha ngenene na, kukho imiqondiso neempawu ezinokuthi ziqwalaselwe:

• Ukuwa ngesiquphe kunye nelahleko yokuqonda;
• Iinyikima ezingalawulekiyo zezihlunu ezinamazinyo adibeneyo;
• Ukuqaqanjelwa yimisipha okungazibandakanyi;
• Ukutsala okanye i-froth emlonyeni;
• Ukuphulukana nesinyi kunye nolawulo lwamathumbu;
• Ukudideka ngequbuliso.

Ukongeza, ngaphambi kokuba isiqendu sokubanjwa senzeke, umntu unokukhalaza ngeempawu ezinje ngokukhala ezindlebeni, isicaphucaphu, isiyezi kunye novakalelo loxinzelelo ngaphandle kwesizathu. Ukuhluthwa kunokuhlala kwimizuzwana engama-30 ukuya kwimizuzu embalwa, nangona kunjalo, ubude bexesha ngokubanzi aluhambelani nobunzima besizathu.

Kwenziwe ntoni

Ngexesha lokuthimba, into ebaluleke kakhulu kukwenza indawo ekhuselekileyo, ukuze umntu angonzakali okanye abangele nakuphi na ukwenzakala. Ukwenza oku, kuya kufuneka:

1. Susa izinto ezifana nezitulo kufutshane nexhoba;
2. Beka ixhoba ecaleni kwaye ukhulule iimpahla eziqinileyo, ngakumbi entanyeni;
3. Hlala nexhoba de libuyele ezingqondweni.

Ungaze ubeke iminwe yakho emlonyeni wexhoba, okanye uzame ukususa naluphi na uhlobo lweprosthesis okanye into ngaphakathi emlonyeni, njengoko kukho umngcipheko omkhulu wokuba abantu balume iminwe yabo. Jonga ezinye iindlela zokuthintela kunye nezinto ongazenziyo ngexesha lokuthimba.

Ukuba kunokwenzeka, kufuneka uqaphele ixesha lokuhluthwa, ukwazisa ugqirha ukuba kukho imfuneko.

Unyango lwenziwa njani

Unyango lokubanjwa kufuneka luhlale luboniswa ngugqirha oqhelekileyo okanye ugqirha wemithambo-luvo. Ngenxa yoku, kufuneka kwenziwe uvavanyo ukuze kuqondwe ukuba ngaba kukho nasiphi na isizathu esibangela ukubonakala kokuthimba. Ukuba kukho unobangela, ugqirha uhlala ecebisa unyango olufanelekileyo kule ngxaki, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-anticonvulsant, efana ne-phenytoin, ukunqanda umngcipheko wokubanjwa ngokutsha.

Njengokuba ukuxhuzula kudla ngokuba ngumzuzu owodwa ongenzeki kwakhona, kuqhelekile ukuba ugqirha akabonisi unyango oluthile, okanye enze iimvavanyo emva kwesiqendu sokuqala. Oku kudla ngokwenziwa xa kukho iziqendu ngokulandelelana.