Ukuqonda udidi 2 lwesifo seswekile

Umxholo

• Isifo seswekile
• Uhlobo lwe-1 yeswekile
• Uhlobo lwe-2 yeswekile
• Iimpawu zohlobo lwesibini lweswekile
• Oogqirha baluchonga njani uhlobo lweswekile 2
• Uvavanyo lwe-hemoglobin (A1C) yeGlycated
• Ukuzila ukutya kovavanyo lweglasma
• Uvavanyo lwe-plasma olungaqhelekanga
• Uvavanyo lokunyamezelana ngeswekile yomlomo
• Ukufumana uluvo lwesibini
• Ngaba iziphumo zovavanyo zikhe ziphosakele?
• Ucwangciso lonyango
• Imbonakalo

Ukuchonga uhlobo lweswekile 2

Uhlobo lwe-2 lwesifo seswekile Nje ukuba ufunyaniswe, ungasebenza nogqirha wakho ukuphuhlisa isicwangciso sonyango ukuze uhlale usempilweni.

Isifo seswekile sihlelwe ngokweendidi ezahlukeneyo. Ezona zixhaphake ngokuxhaphakileyo sisifo seswekile sokukhulelwa, uhlobo 1 lweswekile, kunye nohlobo 2 lweswekile.

Isifo seswekile

Mhlawumbi unetshomi exelelwe ukuba banesifo seswekile ngexesha lokukhulelwa. Olu hlobo lwesimo lubizwa ngokuba sisifo seswekile sokukhulelwa. Iyakhula ngexesha lekota yesibini okanye yesithathu yokukhulelwa. Isifo seswekile sikamama sidla ngokuphela emva kokuba umntwana ezelwe.

Uhlobo lwe-1 yeswekile

Usenokuba nomhlobo wobuntwana onesifo seswekile ekufuneka ethathe i-insulin yonke imihla. Olu hlobo lubizwa ngokuba luhlobo 1 lweswekile. Ukuphela kweminyaka yokuqalisa kohlobo lweswekile 1 kukwishumi elivisayo. Ngokuka, uhlobo 1 lwenza iipesenti ezintlanu zazo zonke iimeko zeswekile.

Uhlobo lwe-2 yeswekile

Uhlobo lwe-2 yeswekile lwenza iipesenti ezingama-90 ukuya kuma-95 zazo zonke iimeko zesifo seswekile, ngokweCDC. Olu hlobo lukwabizwa ngokuba sisifo seswekile esidala. Nangona inokwenzeka nakweyiphi na iminyaka, uhlobo lwesibini lweswekile luxhaphake kubantu abadala kuneminyaka engama-45.

Ukuba ucinga ukuba unokuba nesifo seswekile, thetha nogqirha wakho. Uhlobo olungalawulwayo lwe-2 yeswekile lungabangela iingxaki ezinzima, njenge:

• ukunqunyulwa kwemilenze neenyawo
• ubumfama
• isifo sentliziyo
• isifo sezintso
• ukubetha

Ngokwe-CDC, isifo seswekile sesona sizathu siphambili sokufa e-United States. Uninzi lweziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezinesifo seswekile zinokuthintelwa kunyango. Yiyo loo nto ukuxilongwa kwangethuba kubaluleke kangaka.

Iimpawu zohlobo lwesibini lweswekile

Abanye abantu bafunyaniswe benesifo seswekile esi-2 kuba baneempawu ezibonakalayo. Iimpawu zokuqala zinokubandakanya:

• ukwanda okanye ukuchama rhoqo
• ukwanda kokoma
• ukudinwa
• ukusika okanye izilonda ezinganyangekiyo
• ukungaboni kakuhle

Rhoqo, abantu bafunyaniswa kuvavanyo lokuhlola rhoqo. Ukuhlolwa rhoqo kwesifo seswekile kuqala kubudala beminyaka engama-45. Kuya kufuneka ukuba uhlolwe ngokukhawuleza ukuba:

• batyebe kakhulu
• phila ubomi bokuhlala
• Unembali yosapho yohlobo lwesibini lweswekile
• Unembali yesifo seswekile sokukhulelwa okanye uzele umntwana onobunzima obungaphezu kweepawundi ezili-9
• Ngabantu base-Afrika-baseMelika, abemi baseMelika, abemi baseLatino, abaseAsia, okanye abemi besiQithi sePacific
• unenqanaba eliphantsi le-cholesterol elungileyo (HDL) okanye inqanaba eliphezulu le-triglyceride

Oogqirha baluchonga njani uhlobo lweswekile 2

Iimpawu zohlobo lwesibini lweswekile zihlala zikhula kancinci. Ngenxa yokuba unakho okanye awunazo iimpawu, ugqirha wakho uya kusebenzisa iimvavanyo zegazi ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa kwakho. Ezi mvavanyo, zidweliswe apha, zilinganisa inani leswekile (iswekile) egazini lakho:

• Uvavanyo lwe-hemoglobin ye-glycated (A1C)
• uvavanyo lweplasma glucose
• uvavanyo lweplasma glucose olungahleliwe
• uvavanyo lokunyamezelana ngeswekile yomlomo

Ugqirha wakho uya kwenza olunye okanye ngaphezulu kwezi mvavanyo ngaphezu kwesinye ukuqinisekisa isifo.

Uvavanyo lwe-hemoglobin (A1C) yeGlycated

Uvavanyo lwe-hemoglobin ye-glycated (A1C) ngumlinganiso wexesha elide wolawulo lweswekile yegazi. Ivumela ugqirha wakho ukuba abone ukuba inqanaba leswekile yegazi lakho belikuphi kwiinyanga ezimbini ukuya kwezintathu ezidlulileyo.

Olu vavanyo luthatha ipesenti yeswekile yegazi eqhotyoshelwe kwi-hemoglobin. IHemoglobin yiprotein ethwala ioksijini kwiiseli zakho ezibomvu zegazi. Ephakamileyo i-A1C yakho, kokukhona amanqanaba eswekile yegazi akutshanje ebekhona.

Uvavanyo lwe-A1C alunantlonelo njengovavanyo lokuzila ukutya kweplasma okanye uvavanyo lokunyamezelana ngomlomo. Oku kuthetha ukuba ichonga iimeko ezimbalwa zeswekile. Ugqirha wakho uya kuthumela isampuli yakho kwilebhu eqinisekisiweyo yokufumanisa isifo. Kungathatha ixesha elide ukufumana iziphumo ngaphandle kovavanyo olwenziwe kwiofisi kagqirha wakho.

Uncedo lokuvavanywa kwe-A1C kulula. Awunyanzelekanga ukuba ukhawuleze ngaphambi kolu vavanyo. Isampulu yegazi inokuqokelelwa nangaliphi na ixesha losuku. Kwakhona, iziphumo zakho zovavanyo azichaphazeleki kuxinzelelo okanye kukugula.

Ugqirha wakho uya kuhamba nawe ngeziphumo zakho. Nantsi into enokuthi ukuba iziphumo zakho zovavanyo ze-A1C zithethe ntoni:

• I-A1C yeepesenti ezingama-6.5 okanye ngaphezulu = isifo seswekile
• I-A1C phakathi kwe-5.7 kunye ne-6.4 yeepesenti = i-prediabetes
• I-A1C ingaphantsi kweepesenti ezingama-5.7 = eqhelekileyo

Olu hlobo lokuvavanya lunokusetyenziselwa ukubeka esweni ulawulo lweswekile yegazi emva kokuba ufunyanisiwe. Ukuba unesifo seswekile, amanqanaba akho e-A1C kufuneka atshekishwe amatyeli aliqela ngonyaka.

Ukuzila ukutya kovavanyo lweglasma

Kwezinye iimeko, uvavanyo lwe-A1C alusebenzi. Umzekelo, ayinakusetyenziselwa abafazi abakhulelweyo okanye abantu abane-hemoglobin variant. Ukuvavanywa kokuvavanywa kweswekile yegazi kunokusetyenziswa endaweni yoko. Kolu vavanyo, kuya kuthathwa isampulu yegazi lakho emva kokuba uzilile ukutya ubusuku bonke.

Ngokungafaniyo novavanyo lwe-A1C, uvavanyo lweplasma lweglucose yokulinganisa ifikelela kwinqanaba leswekile egazini lakho kwinqanaba elinye ngexesha. Amaxabiso eswekile yegazi abonakalisiwe ngeemiligram kwidesilitha nganye (mg / dL) okanye iimililimitha ngelitha nganye (mmol / L). Kubalulekile ukuba uqonde ukuba iziphumo zakho zinokuchaphazeleka xa unoxinzelelo okanye ugula.

Ugqirha wakho uya kuhamba nawe ngeziphumo zakho. Nantsi into enokuthi ukuba iziphumo zakho zingathetha ntoni:

• ukuzila ukutya iswekile yegazi eyi-126 mg / dL okanye ngaphezulu = isifo seswekile
• ukuzila ukutya iswekile yegazi kwi-100 ukuya kwi-125 mg / dL = i-prediabetes
• ukuzila ukutya iswekile engaphantsi kwe-100 mg / dL = eqhelekileyo

Uvavanyo lwe-plasma olungaqhelekanga

Ukuvavanywa kweswekile yegazi ngokungacwangciswanga kusetyenziswa kubantu abaneempawu zesifo seswekile. Uvavanyo lweswekile egazini olungenziwa lunokwenziwa nangaliphi na ixesha losuku. Uvavanyo lujonga iswekile yegazi ngaphandle kokujonga isidlo sakho sokugqibela.

Nokuba ugqibele nini ukutya, uvavanyo lweswekile lwegazi olungahleliwe lwe-200 mg / dL okanye ngaphezulu lubonisa ukuba unesifo seswekile.Oku kuyinyani ngakumbi ukuba sele unempawu zesifo seswekile.

Ugqirha wakho uya kuhamba nawe ngeziphumo zakho. Nantsi into enokuthi ukuba iziphumo zakho zovavanyo:

• iswekile yegazi engahleliwe ye-200 mg / dL okanye ngaphezulu = isifo seswekile
• inqanaba leswekile yegazi phakathi kwe-140 kunye ne-199 mg / dL = i-prediabetes
• iswekile yegazi engacwangciswanga engaphantsi kwe-140 mg / dL = eqhelekileyo

Uvavanyo lokunyamezelana ngeswekile yomlomo

Njengokuzila ukutya kovavanyo lweplasma glucose, uvavanyo lokunyamezelwa kweswekile yomlomo ikwafuna ukuba ukhawuleze ubusuku bonke. Xa ufika kwidinga lakho, uya kuthatha uvavanyo lweswekile yegazi ngokuzila ukudla. Emva koko uya kusela ulwelo oluneswekile. Emva kokuba ugqibile, ugqirha wakho uya kuvavanya amanqanaba eswekile yegazi lakho amaxesha ngamaxesha kwiiyure ezininzi.

Ukulungiselela olu vavanyo, iZiko leSizwe leSwekile kunye neDigestive kunye neZifo zeNtsholongwane (i-NIDDK) licebisa ukuba utye ubuncinci i-150 yeecarbohydrate ngosuku iintsuku ezintathu ezikhokelela kuvavanyo. Ukutya okufana nesonka, ukutya okuziinkozo, ipasta, iitapile, iziqhamo (ezitsha nezenziwe enkonkxiweyo), kunye nomhluzi ocacileyo zonke ziqulathe iicarbohydrate.

Tshela ugqirha wakho malunga naluphi na uxinzelelo okanye ukugula ohlangabezana nako. Qiniseka ukuba ugqirha wakho uyazi ngawo onke amayeza owathathayo. Uxinzelelo, ukugula, kunye namayeza anokuchaphazela iziphumo zovavanyo lokunyamezelana ngomlomo.

Ugqirha wakho uya kuhamba nawe ngeziphumo zakho. Uvavanyo lokunyamezelana ngomlomo ngeswekile, nazi iziphumo ezinokuthi zithini:

• iswekile yegazi engama-200 mg / dL okanye ngaphezulu emva kweeyure ezimbini = isifo seswekile
• iswekile yegazi phakathi kwe-140 kunye ne-199 mg / dL emva kweeyure ezimbini = i-prediabetes
• iswekile yegazi engaphantsi kwe-140 mg / dL emva kweeyure ezimbini = eziqhelekileyo

Uvavanyo lokunyamezelwa kweglucose lukwasetyenziselwa ukufumanisa isifo seswekile ngexesha lokukhulelwa.

Ukufumana uluvo lwesibini

Kuya kufuneka uhlale ukhululekile ukufumana uluvo lwesibini ukuba unayo nayiphi na inkxalabo okanye amathandabuzo malunga nokuchongwa kwakho.

Ukuba utshintsha oogqirha, uya kufuna ukucela iimvavanyo ezintsha. Iiofisi zoogqirha ezahlukeneyo zisebenzisa iilebhu ezahlukeneyo ukwenza iisampulu. I-NIDDK ithi inokulahlekisa ukuthelekisa iziphumo ezivela kwiilebhu ezahlukeneyo. Khumbula ukuba ugqirha wakho uyakufuna ukuphinda naluphi na uvavanyo ukuqinisekisa ubungqina bakho.

Ngaba iziphumo zovavanyo zikhe ziphosakele?

Ekuqaleni, iziphumo zakho zovavanyo ziyahluka. Umzekelo, uvavanyo lweswekile yegazi lunokubonisa ukuba unesifo seswekile kodwa uvavanyo lwe-A1C lunokubonisa ukuba awunaso. Ukujika kwakhona kunokuba yinyani.

Kwenzeka njani oku? Kungathetha ukuba ukwinqanaba lokuqala leswekile, kwaye amanqanaba eswekile yegazi usenokungabi phezulu ngokwaneleyo ukubonisa kulo lonke uvavanyo.

Uvavanyo lwe-A1C alunakulunga kwabanye abantu baseAfrika, eMeditera, okanye kwilifa lempuma mpuma yeAsia. Uvavanyo lunokuba sezantsi kakhulu kubantu abane-anemia okanye ukuphuma kwegazi kakhulu, kwaye liphezulu kakhulu kubantu abanesiphene se-anemia. Sukuba nexhala- ugqirha wakho uya kuphinda uvavanyo phambi kokuba enze uxilongo.

Ucwangciso lonyango

Nje ukuba wazi ukuba unesifo seswekile, unokusebenza nogqirha wakho ukwenza isicwangciso sonyango esilungele wena. Kubalulekile ukulandela yonke indlela yokubeka iliso kunye nokuqeshwa kwezonyango. Ukuvavanywa kwegazi lakho rhoqo kunye nokulandela umkhondo weempawu zakho ngamanyathelo abalulekileyo okuqinisekisa impilo yexesha elide.

Thetha nogqirha wakho malunga nenjongo yeswekile yegazi. INkqubo yeSizwe yeSifo seSwekile ithi iinjongo zabantu abaninzi yi-A1C engaphantsi kwesi-7. Buza ugqirha wakho ukuba kufuneka usivavanye kangaphi iswekile yegazi lakho.

Yenza isicwangciso sokuzinyamekela ukuze ulawule isifo seswekile. Oku kunokubandakanya utshintsho kwindlela yokuphila njengokutya ukutya okusempilweni, ukwenza umthambo, ukuyeka ukutshaya, kunye nokujonga iswekile esegazini lakho.

Lonke utyelelo, thetha nogqirha wakho malunga nendlela isicwangciso sakho self-care isebenza.

Imbonakalo

Akukho lonyango lukhoyo lohlobo lwe-2 yeswekile. Nangona kunjalo, le meko ilawulwa kakhulu ngeendlela ezininzi zonyango ezifanelekileyo.

Isinyathelo sokuqala ukuxilongwa nokuqonda iziphumo zakho zokuvavanya. Ukuqinisekisa ukuba uxilongiwe, ugqirha kuya kufuneka uphindaphinde enye okanye nangaphezulu kwezi mvavanyo: i-A1C, iglucose yokuzila ukutya, iswekile yegazi engahleliyo, okanye ukunyamezelana ngomlomo kweswekile.

Ukuba ufunyaniswe unesifo seswekile, yenza isicwangciso sokuzinyamekela, setha usukelo lwegazi, kwaye ujonge nogqirha wakho rhoqo.