Ukuphazamiseka koxinzelelo (Dysthymia)

Umxholo

• Iimpawu zoxinzelelo oluqhubekayo loxinzelelo
• Unobangela wokuNgagungqi koxinzelelo
• Ukuchonga ukuphazamiseka okungapheliyo koxinzelelo
• Ukunyanga ukuphazamiseka okungapheliyo koxinzelelo
• Amayeza
• Unyango
• Utshintsho kwindlela yokuphila
• Imbonakalo yexesha elide yaBantu abaNengxaki yoXinzelelo oluNgapheliyo
• Q:
• A:

Yintoni ephikisayo yoxinzelelo (PDD)?

Ukuhlala uxinzelelo kuxinzelelo (PDD) luhlobo loxinzelelo olungapheliyo. Sisifo esitsha esaziwayo esidibanisa la malungu mabini angaphambi kokuba afunyanwe enesifo esinganyangekiyo. Njengolunye uhlobo loxinzelelo, iPDD ibangela iimvakalelo eziqhubekayo zosizi olunzulu kunye nokuphelelwa lithemba. Ezi mvakalelo zinokuchaphazela imeko yakho kunye nokuziphatha kunye nemisebenzi yomzimba, kubandakanya ukutya kunye nokulala. Ngenxa yoko, abantu abanesiphazamiso bahlala bephulukana nomdla wokwenza imisebenzi ababekade beyonwabela kwaye kunzima ukuba bayigqibe imisebenzi yemihla ngemihla.

Ezi mpawu zibonwa kuzo zonke iintlobo zoxinzelelo. Kwi-PDD, nangona kunjalo, iimpawu azikho qatha kwaye zihlala ixesha elide. Banokuqhubeka iminyaka kwaye banokuphazamisa isikolo, umsebenzi, kunye nolwalamano lomntu. Ubume obungapheliyo be-PDD bunokwenza ukuba kube nzima ngakumbi ukujongana neempawu. Nangona kunjalo, indibaniselwano yamayeza kunye nonyango oluthethwayo lunokusebenza kunyango lwe-PDD.

Iimpawu zoxinzelelo oluqhubekayo loxinzelelo

Iimpawu zePDD ziyafana nezoxinzelelo. Nangona kunjalo, umahluko ophambili kukuba iPDD ihlala ihleli, kwaye iimpawu zenzeka kwiintsuku ezininzi ubuncinci iminyaka emibini. Ezi mpawu zibandakanya:

• iimvakalelo eziqhubekayo zosizi kunye nokuphelelwa lithemba
• iingxaki zokulala
• amandla aphantsi
• utshintsho kumdla wokutya
• ubunzima bokugxila
• ukungazithembi
• ukungabikho komdla kwimisebenzi yemihla ngemihla
• ukuhla kwemveliso
• ukungazithembi
• isimo sengqondo esingafanelekanga
• ukunqanda izinto zentlalo

Iimpawu zePDD zihlala ziqala ukubonakala ebuntwaneni okanye ebusheni. Abantwana kunye nolutsha olunePDD lunokubonakala ngathi luyacaphuka, ludlamkile, okanye alunathemba kangangexesha elide. Banokubonisa iingxaki zokuziphatha, ukungasebenzi kakuhle esikolweni, kunye nobunzima bokunxibelelana nabanye abantwana kwiimeko zentlalo. Iimpawu zabo zinokuza zidlule kwiminyaka eliqela, kwaye ubungqongqo bazo bunokwahluka ngokuhamba kwexesha.

Unobangela wokuNgagungqi koxinzelelo

Isizathu sePDD asaziwa. Izinto ezithile zinokuba negalelo kuphuhliso lwemeko. Oku kubandakanya:

• ukungalingani kwemichiza kwingqondo
• Imbali yosapho yale meko
• Imbali yezinye iimeko zempilo yengqondo, ezinje ngoxinzelelo okanye ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo
• iziganeko zobomi ezixinzelelekileyo okanye ezibuhlungu, njengokulahlekelwa ngumntu omthandayo okanye iingxaki zemali
• ukugula okungapheliyo komzimba, njengesifo sentliziyo okanye isifo seswekile
• ukukhathazeka kwengqondo, ngokomzimba

Ukuchonga ukuphazamiseka okungapheliyo koxinzelelo

Ukwenza uxilongo oluchanekileyo, ugqirha wakho uya kuqala enze uvavanyo lomzimba. Ugqirha wakho uya kwenza uvavanyo lwegazi okanye olunye uvavanyo lwelabhoratri ukulawula iimeko ezinokubangela ukuba ube neempawu zakho zonyango. Ukuba akukho nkcazo yomzimba yeempawu zakho, ugqirha wakho unokuqalisa ukukrokrela ukuba unempilo yengqondo.

Ugqirha wakho uya kukubuza imibuzo ethile ukuvavanya imeko yakho yangoku yengqondo kunye neemvakalelo. Kubalulekile ukunyaniseka nogqirha wakho malunga neempawu zakho. Iimpendulo zakho ziya kubanceda baqonde ukuba unayo iPDD okanye olunye uhlobo lokugula ngengqondo.

Oogqirha abaninzi basebenzisa iimpawu ezidweliswe kwiDiagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) ukufumanisa iPDD. Le ncwadana ipapashwe nguMbutho wezengqondo zaseMelika. Iimpawu zePDD ezidweliswe kwiDSM-5 zibandakanya:

• imeko yokudakumba phantse yonke imihla phantse yonke imihla
• ukungatyi kakuhle okanye ukutya kakhulu
• ubunzima bokulala okanye ukulala
• amandla aphantsi okanye ukudinwa
• ukuzijongela phantsi
• Uxinzelelo oluphantsi okanye ukuthatha izigqibo nzima
• iimvakalelo zokuphelelwa lithemba

Kubantu abadala ukuba bafumaneke benesifo, kufuneka babe noxinzelelo lweemvakalelo phantse yonke imihla, phantse yonke imihla, kangangeminyaka emibini okanye nangaphezulu.

Ukuze abantwana okanye abakwishumi elivisayo bafunyaniswe benesifo, kufuneka babe noxinzelelo okanye ukucaphuka phantse yonke imihla, phantse yonke imihla, ubuncinci unyaka.

Ukuba ugqirha wakho ukholelwa ukuba unayo iPDD, baya kukuthumela kwingcali yezempilo yengqondo ukuze iphinde ivavanywe kwaye inyangwe.

Ukunyanga ukuphazamiseka okungapheliyo koxinzelelo

Unyango lwe-PDD luquka amayeza kunye nonyango lokuthetha. Amayeza akholelwa ekubeni yeyona ndlela isebenzayo kunyango kunokuthetha unyango xa usetyenziswa wedwa. Nangona kunjalo, indibaniselwano yamayeza kunye nonyango oluthetha ngokufuthi yeyona ndlela ilungileyo yonyango.

Amayeza

I-PDD inokunyangwa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zokuthintela uxinzelelo, kubandakanya:

• i-serotonin reuptake inhibitors (i-SSRIs) ekhethiweyo, efana ne-fluoxetine (Prozac) kunye ne-sertraline (Zoloft)
• i-tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), ezinje nge-amitriptyline (Elavil) kunye ne-amoxapine (Asendin)
• i-serotonin kunye ne-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (i-SNRIs), enje nge desvenlafaxine (Pristiq) kunye ne duloxetine (Cymbalta)

Kuya kufuneka uzame amayeza ahlukeneyo kunye needosi ukuze ufumane isisombululo esifanelekileyo kuwe. Oku kufuna umonde, njengoko amayeza amaninzi ethatha iiveki ezininzi ukuze asebenze ngokupheleleyo.

Thetha nogqirha wakho ukuba uqhubeka unenkxalabo malunga nonyango lwakho. Ugqirha wakho unokucebisa ukuba wenze utshintsho kumthamo okanye amayeza. Ungaze uyeke ukuthatha amayeza akho njengoko kuyalelwe ngaphandle kokuthetha nogqirha wakho kuqala. Ukuyekisa unyango ngesiquphe okanye ukulahleka kweedosi ezininzi kunokubangela iimpawu zokurhoxa kunye neempawu zoxinzelelo ngakumbi.

Unyango

Ukuthetha ngonyango kuyindlela efanelekileyo yokunyanga kubantu abaninzi abanePDD. Ukubona i-Therapist kunokukunceda ufunde:

• veza iingcinga zakho kunye neemvakalelo zakho ngendlela esempilweni
• jongana neemvakalelo zakho
• uhlengahlengiso kumceli mngeni wobomi okanye kwintlekele
• zichonge iingcinga, isimilo kunye neemvakalelo ezibangela okanye zenze mandundu iimpawu
• endaweni yeenkolelo ezingakhiyo ngezo zilungileyo
• phinda ufumane ulwaneliseko kunye nolawulo ebomini bakho
• zibekele usukelo olusengqiqweni

Unyango lwentetho lunokwenziwa ngokukodwa okanye kwiqela. Amaqela enkxaso alungele abo banqwenela ukwabelana ngeemvakalelo zabo nabanye abanengxaki efanayo.

Utshintsho kwindlela yokuphila

I-PDD yimeko ehlala ixesha elide, ke kubalulekile ukuba uthathe inxaxheba kwisicwangciso sonyango. Ukwenza uhlengahlengiso oluthile kwindlela yokuphila kunokuncedisa kunyango kunye nokunceda ukunciphisa iimpawu. Ezi zonyango ziquka:

• ukuzilolonga okungenani kathathu ngeveki
• ukutya ukutya okuninzi okubandakanya ukutya kwendalo, okufana neziqhamo kunye nemifuno
• ukunqanda iziyobisi kunye notywala
• ukubona iacupuncturist
• ukuthatha izongezo ezithile, kubandakanya iSt John's wort kunye neoyile yentlanzi
• Ukuziqhelanisa neyoga, tai chi, okanye ukucamngca
• ukubhala kwijenali

Imbonakalo yexesha elide yaBantu abaNengxaki yoXinzelelo oluNgapheliyo

Kuba iPDD yimeko engapheliyo, abanye abantu abaphinde bachache ngokupheleleyo. Unyango lunokunceda abantu abaninzi ukulawula iimpawu zabo, kodwa aluphumelelanga kuwo wonke umntu. Abanye abantu banokuqhubeka nokufumana iimpawu ezinzima eziphazamisa ubomi babo bobuqu okanye bobuchwephesha.

Nanini na xa unexesha elinzima lokujamelana neempawu zakho, tsalela umnxeba i-National Suicide Prevention Lifeline e-800-273-8255. Kukho abantu abafumanekayo iiyure ezingama-24 ngosuku, iintsuku ezisixhenxe ngeveki zokuthetha nawe malunga nayiphi na ingxaki onokuba unayo. Unokutyelela iwebhusayithi yabo ngoncedo olongezelelweyo kunye nezixhobo.

Q:

Ndingamnceda njani umntu onesifo esinganyangekiyo esihlala sinaso?

Isigulana esingaziwayo

A:

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo anokuthi umntu ayenze ukunceda umntu onesifo esinganyangekiyo esiqhubekayo kukuqonda ukuba banesigulo sokwenene kwaye abazami ukuba "nzima" kunxibelelwano lwabo nawe. Abasayi kusabela kwiindaba ezimnandi okanye kwiziganeko zobomi ezilungileyo ngendlela abantu abangenale ngxaki abanokuthi basabele ngayo. Kuya kufuneka ubakhuthaze ukuba baye kulo lonke ugqirha kunye nakwezonyango kwaye bathathe amayeza abo njengoko kumiselwe.

UTimothy Legg PhD, PMHNP-BC, GNP-BC, CARN-AP, MCHESIimpendulo zimele uluvo lweengcali zethu zonyango. Yonke imixholo inolwazi ngokungqongqo kwaye akufuneki ukuba ithathelwe ingqalelo njengengcebiso yezonyango.