I-Erythroblastosis Fetalis

Umxholo

• Ziintoni iimpawu ze-erythroblastosis fetalis?
• Yintoni ebangela i-erythroblastosis fetalis?
• Ukungahambelani kweRh
• Ukungahambelani kwe-ABO
• Ifunyaniswa njani i-erythroblastosis fetalis?
• Ukuphindaphindwa kovavanyo
• Ukungahambelani kweRh
• Ukungahambelani kwe-ABO
• Iphathwa njani i-erythroblastosis fetalis?
• Ithini imbonakalo yexesha elide ye-erythroblastosis fetalis?
• Ngaba i-erythroblastosis fetalis ingathintelwa?

Yintoni i-erythroblastosis fetalis?

iiseli ezibomvu zegazi iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi (ii-WBCs)

Ziintoni iimpawu ze-erythroblastosis fetalis?

Iintsana ezifumana iimpawu ze-erythroblastosis fetalis zinokubonakala ngathi zidumbile, ziluthuthu, okanye zi-jaundiced emva kokuzalwa. Ugqirha unokufumanisa ukuba umntwana unesibindi esikhulu kunesiqhelo okanye udakada. Uvavanyo lwegazi lunokutyhila ukuba umntwana une-anemia okanye ubalo olusezantsi lwe-RBC. Iintsana nazo zinokufumana imeko eyaziwa ngokuba yi-hydrops fetalis, apho ulwelo luqala ukuqokelela kwizithuba apho ulwelo lungahlali lukho. Oku kubandakanya izithuba kwi:

• isisu
• Intliziyo
• imiphunga

Olu phawu lunokuba yingozi kuba ulwelo olongezelelekileyo lubeka uxinzelelo entliziyweni kwaye luchaphazela amandla alo okupompa.

Yintoni ebangela i-erythroblastosis fetalis?

Kukho izizathu ezibini eziphambili ze-erythroblastosis fetalis: Ukungahambelani kweRh kunye nokungahambelani kwe-ABO. Zombini izizathu zinxulunyaniswa nodidi lwegazi. Kukho iintlobo ezine zegazi:

• A
• B
• AB
• O

Ukongeza, igazi linokuba yiRh positive okanye iRh negative. Umzekelo, ukuba uthayipha i-A kunye ne-Rh, une-antigen kunye ne-Rh factor antigens kumphezulu wee-RBCs. Iantigens zizinto ezibangela impendulo yomzimba emzimbeni. Ukuba unegazi elingalunganga le-AB, une-antijeni zombini engu-A kunye no-B ngaphandle kwe-Rh factor antigen.

Ukungahambelani kweRh

Ukungahambelani kwe-Rh kwenzeka xa umama we-Rh-negative ekhulelwe ngutata one-Rh. Isiphumo sinokuba ngumntwana one-Rh. Kwimeko enjalo, i-Rh antigen yomntwana wakho iya kubonwa njengabahlaseli bangaphandle, indlela iintsholongwane okanye iintsholongwane eziqondwa ngayo. Iiseli zakho zegazi zihlasela ezomntwana njengesixhobo sokukhusela esinokuphelisa ukwenzakalisa umntwana. Ukuba ukhulelwe umntwana wakho wokuqala, ukungahambelani kweRh akuyiyo inkxalabo. Nangona kunjalo, xa kuzalwa umntwana one-Rh, umzimba wakho uya kudala ii-antibodies ezichasene ne-Rh factor. Ezi antibodies ziya kuhlasela iiseli zegazi ukuba ukhe wakhulelwa olunye usana olune-Rh.

Ukungahambelani kwe-ABO

Olunye uhlobo lohlobo lwegazi olungalunganga olunokubangela amajoni omzimba omama ngokuchasene neeseli zegazi lomntwana wakhe kukungahambelani kwe-ABO. Oku kwenzeka xa udidi lwegazi lukamama lwe-A, B, okanye u-O aluhambelani nolomntwana. Le meko phantse ihlala ingeyongozi okanye isongela umntwana kunokuba i-Rh ingavisisani. Nangona kunjalo, iintsana zinokuphatha ii-antigen ezinqabileyo ezinokubabeka emngciphekweni we-erythroblastosis fetalis. Ezi antijeni zibandakanya:

• Kell
• Duffy
• Umntwana
• AmaLuthere
• UDiego
• Xg
• Iphe
• Ewe
• Cc
• Ii-MNSs

Ifunyaniswa njani i-erythroblastosis fetalis?

Ukuchonga i-erythroblastosis fetalis, ugqirha uya kuyalela uvavanyo lwegazi oluqhelekileyo ngexesha lotyelelo lwakho lokuqala lokubeleka. Baza kuvavanya uhlobo lwegazi lakho. Uvavanyo luya kubanceda ukuba babone ukuba ngaba une-anti-Rh antibodies egazini lakho ukusuka ekukhulelweni kwangaphambili. Uhlobo lwegazi olungekazalwa alusoloko luvavanywa. Kunzima ukuvavanya uhlobo lwegazi lomntwana olungekazalwa kwaye ukwenjenjalo kunokwandisa umngcipheko weengxaki.

Ukuphindaphindwa kovavanyo

Ukuba uvavanyo lokuqala lubonisa ukuba umntwana wakho unokuba semngciphekweni we-erythroblastosis fetalis, igazi lakho liya kuvavanywa ngokuqhubekayo kwii-antibodies ngexesha lokukhulelwa kwakho-phantse zonke iiveki ezimbini ukuya kwezine. Ukuba amanqanaba akho omzimba aqala ukunyuka, ugqirha unokucebisa uvavanyo lokufumanisa ukuhamba kwegazi lomthambo we-cerebral, okungafunekiyo emntwaneni. I-Erythroblastosis fetalis ikrokrelwa ukuba ukuhamba kwegazi lomntwana kuyachaphazeleka.

Ukungahambelani kweRh

Ukuba unegazi le-Rh-negative, igazi likatata liya kuvavanywa.Ukuba uhlobo lwegazi likabawo liyiRh negative, akukho vavanyo luqhubekayo luyafuneka. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba udidi lwegazi likatata ngu-Rh okanye uhlobo lwegazi lakhe alwaziwa, igazi lakho lisenokuvavanywa kwakhona phakathi kweeveki ezili-18 ukuya kwezingama-20 zokukhulelwa, kwaye kwakhona kwiiveki ezingama-26 ukuya kwezingama-27. Uyakufumana kwakhona unyango ukukhusela i-erythroblastosis fetalis.

Ukungahambelani kwe-ABO

Ukuba umntwana wakho u-jaundiced emva kokuzalwa, kodwa ukungahambelani kwe-Rh akuyiyo inkxalabo, umntwana unokufumana iingxaki ngenxa yokungahambelani kwe-ABO. Ukungahambelani kwe-ABO kwenzeka rhoqo xa umama ene-O uhlobo lwegazi ezala umntwana one-A, B, okanye uhlobo lwegazi lwe-AB. Kuba O iintlobo zegazi zinokuvelisa zombini ii-antibodies ze-A kunye ne-B, igazi likamama linokuhlasela elomntwana. Nangona kunjalo, ezi mpawu zihlala zinzima kakhulu kunokuba i-Rh ingangqinelani. Ukungahambelani kwe-ABO kunokufunyanwa kuvavanyo lwegazi olubizwa ngokuba luvavanyo lweCombombs. Olu vavanyo, kunye novavanyo lokufumanisa uhlobo lwegazi lomntwana, lwenziwa emva kokuba umntwana ezelwe. Ingabonisa ukuba kutheni umntwana enokubonakala ngathi une-jaundiced okanye i-anemic. Olu vavanyo luhlala lusenziwa kuzo zonke iintsana ezinomama onegazi O.

Iphathwa njani i-erythroblastosis fetalis?

Ukuba umntwana ufumana i-erythroblastosis fetalis esibelekweni, banokunikwa utofelo gazi lwe-intrauterine ukunciphisa i-anemia. Xa imiphunga yosana kunye nentliziyo ikhule ngokwaneleyo ukuhambisa, ugqirha unokucebisa ukuba akhuphe umntwana kwangoko. Emva kokuba umntwana ezelwe, olunye utofelo-gazi kusenokufuneka. Ukunika umntwana ulwelo ngaphakathi ngaphakathi kungaphucula uxinzelelo lwegazi olusezantsi. Usana lusenokufuna inkxaso yokuphefumla okwethutyana kumatshini wokuphefumla okanye kumatshini wokuphefumla ngomatshini.

Ithini imbonakalo yexesha elide ye-erythroblastosis fetalis?

Iintsana ezizalwe zine-erythroblastosis fetalis kufuneka zijongwe ubuncinci iinyanga ezintathu ukuya kwezine ngeempawu ze-anemia. Basenokufuna utofelo-gazi olongezelelekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ukhathalelo olufanelekileyo lwangaphambi kokubeleka kunye nokunakekelwa kwasemva kokubeleka kuhanjiswa, i-erythroblastosis fetalis kufuneka ithintelwe kwaye umntwana akufuneki abe neengxaki zexesha elide.

Ngaba i-erythroblastosis fetalis ingathintelwa?

Unyango lothintelo olwaziwa ngokuba yiRhoGAM, okanye iRh immunoglobulin, lunokunciphisa ukusabela kukamama kwiiseli zegazi ze-Rh ezinesifo somntwana. Oku kulawulwa njengokudutyulwa malunga neveki yama-28 yokukhulelwa. Ukudubula kulawulwa kwakhona ubuncinci kwiiyure ezingama-72 emva kokuzalwa ukuba umntwana une-Rh. Oku kuthintela ukusabela okungalunganga kumama ukuba kukho nayiphi na iplasenta yomntwana esele esibelekweni.