Isifo seSickle Cell

Umxholo

• Isishwankathelo
• Siyintoni isifo se sickle cell (SCD)?
• Yintoni ebangela i-sickle cell disease (SCD)?
• Ngubani osemngciphekweni wesifo se-sickle cell (SCD)?
• Ziintoni iimpawu zesigulo seseli yesikela (SCD)?
• Sichongwa njani isifo se-sickle cell disease (SCD)?
• Luthini unyango lwezifo zerhengqa?

Isishwankathelo

Siyintoni isifo se sickle cell (SCD)?

Isifo seSickle cell (SCD) liqela leengxaki zokufumana iiseli ezibomvu njengelifa. Ukuba une-SCD, kukho ingxaki nge-hemoglobin yakho. IHemoglobin yiprotein ekwiiseli ezibomvu zegazi ezithwala ioksijini emzimbeni wonke. Nge-SCD, ihemoglobin yakha ibe ziintonga ezomeleleyo ngaphakathi kweeseli ezibomvu zegazi. Oku kutshintsha ubume beeseli ezibomvu zegazi. Iiseli zimele ukuba zimile okwe-disc, kodwa oku kuyazitshintsha zibe yikresi, okanye irhengqe, imilo.

Iiseli ezimile okwe rhengqa aziguquki kwaye azinakutshintsha ubume ngokulula. Uninzi lwazo luyaqhekeka njengoko luhamba kwimithambo yakho yegazi. Iiseli zerhengi zihlala kuphela kwiintsuku ezili-10 ukuya kwezingama-20, endaweni yesiqhelo kwiintsuku ezingama-90 ukuya kwezingama-120. Umzimba wakho unokuba nengxaki yokwenza iiseli ezintsha ezoneleyo endaweni yezilahlekileyo. Ngenxa yoku, awunakufumana iiseli ezibomvu zegazi ezaneleyo. Le yimeko ebizwa ngokuba yi-anemia, kwaye inokukwenza uzive udiniwe.

Iiseli ezimile okwe rhengqa zinokuncamathela kwiindonga zomkhumbi, zibangele ukuvaleka okucothisa okanye okuthintela ukuhamba kwegazi. Xa oku kusenzeka, ioksijini ayinakufikelela kwizicubu ezikufutshane. Ukunqongophala kweoksijini kunokubangela uhlaselo lwequbuliso, elibuhlungu, elibizwa ngokuba ziintlungu. Olu hlaselo lunokwenzeka ngaphandle kwesilumkiso. Ukuba uyayifumana, kuya kufuneka uye esibhedlele ukuze ufumane unyango.

Yintoni ebangela i-sickle cell disease (SCD)?

Unobangela we-SCD sisifo esineziphene, esibizwa ngokuba yimfuza yeseli yesikela. Abantu abanesi sifo bazalwa beneseli ezimbini zerhengqa, omnye kumzali ngamnye.

Ukuba uzalwe unofuzo lweseli enye, ibizwa ngokuba yirhengqa yeseli. Abantu abanesimbo seerhengqa bahlala besempilweni, kodwa banako ukulugqithisela kubantwana babo uhlobo lwesiphene.

Ngubani osemngciphekweni wesifo se-sickle cell (SCD)?

E-United States, uninzi lwabantu abane-SCD ngabantu base-Afrika baseMelika:

• Phantse i-1 kwiintsana ezili-13 zase-Afrika zaseMelika zizalwa zineempawu zerhengqa
• Phantse umntu omnye kwabangama-365 abantwana abamnyama bazalwa benesifo serhengqa

I-SCD ikwachaphazela abanye abantu abavela kwi-Hispanic, kumazantsi eYurophu, kuMbindi Mpuma, okanye kwimvelaphi yaseIndiya yaseAsia.

Ziintoni iimpawu zesigulo seseli yesikela (SCD)?

Abantu abane-SCD baqala ukuba neempawu zesifo kunyaka wokuqala wobomi, zihlala zikwiinyanga ezintlanu ubudala. Iimpawu zokuqala ze-SCD zinokubandakanya

• Ukudumba kobuhlungu kwezandla neenyawo
• Ukukhathala okanye ukuxhamla kwi-anemia
• Umbala otyheli wolusu (jaundice) okanye abamhlophe bamehlo (icterus)

Iziphumo ze-SCD ziyahluka ukusuka komnye umntu ukuya komnye kwaye zinokutshintsha ngokuhamba kwexesha. Uninzi lweempawu kunye neempawu ze-SCD zinxulumene nengxaki yesi sifo. Zingabandakanya iintlungu ezinzima, i-anemia, ukonakala komzimba kunye nosulelo.

Sichongwa njani isifo se-sickle cell disease (SCD)?

Uvavanyo lwegazi lunokubonisa ukuba unayo i-SCD okanye uphawu lweeseli. Onke amazwe ngoku avavanya iintsana ezisanda kuzalwa njengenxalenye yeenkqubo zabo zovavanyo, ke unyango lungaqala kwangethuba.

Abantu abacinga ngokuba nabantwana banokuba novavanyo lokufumanisa ukuba kungenzeka njani ukuba abantwana babo babe ne-SCD.

Oogqirha banokuchonga i-SCD ngaphambi kokuba umntwana azalwe. Olu vavanyo lusebenzisa isampulu ye-amniotic fluid (ulwelo olukwingxowa ejikeleze usana) okanye izicwili ezithathwe kwi-placenta (ilungu elizisa ioksijini nezakhamzimba kusana).

Luthini unyango lwezifo zerhengqa?

Unyango kuphela lwe-SCD ngumongo wethambo okanye ukufakelwa kweseli ye-stem. Ngenxa yokuba oku kufakelwa kuyingozi kwaye kunokuba neziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezibi, zihlala zisetyenziswa kuphela kubantwana abane-SCD ebukhali. Ukuze utyando lusebenze, umongo wethambo kufuneka ube ngumdlalo osondeleyo. Ngokwesiqhelo, oyena mnikeli ubalaseleyo ngumzalwana okanye udade.

Kukho unyango olunokunceda ekunciphiseni iimpawu, ukunciphisa iingxaki, kunye nokwandisa ubomi:

• Amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane ukuzama ukuthintela usulelo kubantwana abancinci
• Ukuthomalalisa iintlungu ngenxa yentlungu ebuhlungu okanye engapheliyo
• I-Hydroxyurea, iyeza eliye laboniswa ukunciphisa okanye ukuthintela iingxaki ezininzi ze-SCD. Iyakwandisa inani le-hemoglobin engekazalwa egazini. Eli yeza alilungele wonke umntu; thetha nomboneleli wakho wezempilo malunga nokuba kufuneka uyithathe. Eli yeza alikhuselekanga ngexesha lokukhulelwa.
• Ukugonywa kwabantwana ukuthintela usulelo
• Utofelo-gazi lwe-anemia ebukhali. Ukuba ukhe waba neengxaki ezinzulu, ezinje nge-stroke, usenokuba notofelo-gazi ukuthintela ezinye iingxaki.

Kukho ezinye iindlela zonyango lweengxaki ezithile.

Ukuhlala usempilweni kangangoko, qiniseka ukuba ufumana unyango rhoqo, uphila ubomi obusempilweni, kwaye uphephe iimeko ezinokubangela ubunzima beentlungu.

I-NIH: Intliziyo yeSizwe, iMiphunga kunye neZiko leGazi

• Ukusuka e-Afrika kuye e-US: Ukukhangela kwabafazi abaselula Unyango lwezifo zeSickle Cell
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• Indlela eya kwithemba kwiSifo seSickle Cell
• Isifo SeSickle Cell: Oko Ufanele Ukwazi
• Inyathelo Ngaphakathi kwiSebe leSickle Cell yeSickle
• Kutheni uJordin Spark efuna abantu abaninzi ukuba bathethe malunga neSifo seSickle Cell