Uvavanyo oluphambili lubonakalisiwe ekukhulelweni

Umxholo

• Iimviwo eziphambili ekukhulelweni
• 1. Gcwalisa ubalo lwegazi
• 2. Uhlobo lwegazi kunye neRh factor
• 3. Ukuzila ukutya kweglucose
• 4. Uvavanyo lokuchonga usulelo
• 5. Uvavanyo lomchamo kunye nenkcubeko yomchamo
• 6. I-Ultrasound
• 7. Iimviwo zeGynecological
• Iimviwo zokukhulelwa komngcipheko ophezulu

Iimviwo zokumitha zibalulekile kugqirha obelekayo ukuba abeke iliso ekukhuleni komntwana nakwimpilo yakhe, kunye nakwimpilo yowasetyhini, njengoko iphazamisa ngqo ukukhulelwa. Ke, kulo lonke uthethathethwano, ugqirha uvavanya ubunzima bomfazi okhulelweyo, uxinzelelo lwegazi kunye nokujikeleza kwesinqe, kwaye abonise ukusebenza kwezinye iimvavanyo, ezinje ngegazi, umchamo, uvavanyo lwabasetyhini kunye novavanyo lwe-ultrasound.

Ukongeza, kwezinye iimeko, ngakumbi xa owasetyhini engaphezulu kweminyaka engama-35 ubudala, ugqirha unokucebisa ezinye iimvavanyo, njengoko ukukhulelwa kule minyaka kunokuba neengozi ezinxulumene noko. Ngesi sizathu, ukubeka esweni kwenziwa rhoqo kwaye i-biopsy ye-chorionic villus, amniocentesis kunye ne-cordocentesis, umzekelo, inokwenziwa.

Ngokwesiqhelo, kuvavanywa ngaphezulu kwikota yokuqala yokukhulelwa, njengoko kubalulekile ukubeka esweni impilo yowasetyhini kwiiveki zokuqala zokukhulelwa. Ukusuka kwikota yesibini yokukhulelwa, kucelwa ukuba kwenziwe iimvavanyo ezimbalwa, zijolise ngakumbi ekubekeni esweni ukukhula komntwana.

Iimviwo eziphambili ekukhulelweni

Iimvavanyo ezibonisiweyo ngexesha lokukhulelwa zijolise ekuvavanyeni impilo yomntwana kunye nowasetyhini okhulelweyo kunye nokujonga ukuba umntwana ukhula njani. Ukongeza, ngoviwo oluceliwe ngugqirha obelethisa, kunokwenzeka ukuba kuchongwe ukuba ngaba kukho naluphi na utshintsho olunxulumene nosana okanye ukuba kukho iingozi ngexesha lokukhulelwa okanye ngexesha lokubeleka. Iimviwo eziphambili eziza kwenziwa ngexesha lokukhulelwa zezi:

1. Gcwalisa ubalo lwegazi

Ubalo lwegazi lujolise ekunikezeleni ngolwazi malunga neeseli zegazi zowasetyhini, ezinje ngeeseli ezibomvu zegazi kunye neeplatelets, ukongeza kwiiseli zomzimba zokhuselo ezichongiweyo kolu vavanyo, ii-leukocytes. Ke, ukusuka kubalo lwegazi, ugqirha unokujonga ukuba ngaba zikhona na izifo ezenzekayo kwaye ukuba ngaba kukho iimpawu ze-anemia, umzekelo, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezongezo kungabonakaliswa.

2. Uhlobo lwegazi kunye neRh factor

Olu vavanyo lwegazi lusetyenziselwa ukukhangela iqela legazi likamama kunye neRh factor, nokuba ilungile okanye ayibi. Ukuba umama une-Rh factor ene-Rh kwaye umntwana ene-Rh factor ayifumana njengelifa kuyise, xa igazi lomntwana lidibana nonina, amajoni omzimba omama aya kuvelisa amajoni omzimba ngokuchasene nalo, anokubangela, ekukhulelweni kwesibini, isifo hemolytic usana olusanda kuzalwa. Ke ngoko, kubalulekile ukuba olu vavanyo lwenziwe kwikota yokuqala yokukhulelwa, kuba, ukuba kukho imfuneko, amanyathelo okhuseleko anokuthathwa ukunqanda impendulo ebaxekileyo yomzimba.

3. Ukuzila ukutya kweglucose

Ukuzila ukutya kweswekile kubalulekile ukujonga ukuba ngaba kukho umngcipheko wokuba nesifo seswekile, kwaye kubalulekile ukuba kwenziwe kwinyanga yesibini neyesibini yokukhulelwa, kunye nokujonga unyango kunye nolawulo lwesifo seswekile, umzekelo, ukuba umfazi Sele ekhulelwe sele efunyanisiwe.

Ukongeza, phakathi kweeveki ezingama-24 ukuya kwezingama-28 zokukhulelwa, ugqirha angabonisa ukusebenza kovavanyo lwe-TOTG, ekwabizwa ngokuba luvavanyo lokunyamezelwa kweswekile yomlomo okanye kuvavanyo lomjikelo we-glycemic, novavanyo ngakumbi ngakumbi lokufumanisa isifo seswekile . Qonda ukuba yenziwa njani i-TOTG.

4. Uvavanyo lokuchonga usulelo

Ezinye izifo zintsholongwane, iiparasites okanye ibhaktheriya zinokudluliselwa emntwaneni ngexesha lokubeleka okanye ziphazamise ukukhula kwakhe, njengokuba kwezinye iimeko zinokuwela i-placenta. Ukongeza, kwimeko yabasetyhini abanesifo esosulelayo esinganyangekiyo, njenge-HIV, umzekelo, kubalulekile ukuba ugqirha ubeka iliso kwintsholongwane emzimbeni kwaye ahlengahlengise idosi yamayeza, umzekelo.

Ke, usulelo oluphambili ekufuneka luvavanyiwe kwiimviwo ngexesha lokukhulelwa zezi:

• Igcushuwa, ebangelwa yintsholongwane I-Treponema pallidum, ezinokuthi zidluliselwe emntwaneni ngexesha lokukhulelwa okanye ngexesha lokubeleka, okukhokelela kwi-syphilis yokuzalwa, enokubonakaliswa kukungeva, ukungaboni okanye iingxaki zemithambo-luvo emntwaneni. Uviwo lwegcushuwa lwaziwa njenge-VDRL kwaye kufuneka lwenziwe kwikota yokuqala neyesibini yokukhulelwa, ukongeza kwinto yokuba kubalulekile ukuba owasetyhini afumane unyango ngokuchanekileyo ukunqanda ukudluliselwa kosana;
• Intsholongwane kaGawulayo, ezinokubangela iHuman Immunodeficiency Syndrome, uGawulayo, nenokuthi idluliselwe emntwaneni ngexesha lokubeleka. Ke ngoko, kubalulekile ukuba umntu obhinqileyo afunyaniswe, umthamo wentsholongwane ujongiwe kwaye unyango luhlengahlengiswa.
• URubellaEsi sisifo esibangelwa ziintsholongwane zekhaya Irubivirus kwaye xa ifunyenwe ngexesha lokukhulelwa kunokubangela ukungalunganga kosana, ubuthulu, utshintsho emehlweni okanye kwi-microcephaly, kubalulekile ukuba kwenziwe uvavanyo lokuchonga intsholongwane ngexesha lokukhulelwa;
• Cytomegalovirus, Njenge-rubella, usulelo lwe-cytomegalovirus lunokuba neziphumo ekukhuleni komntwana, ezinokuthi zenzeke xa owasetyhini engakhange aqalise unyango kwaye intsholongwane iyakwazi ukudlulela emntwaneni nge-placenta okanye ngexesha lokubeleka. Ngesi sizathu, kubalulekile ukuba kwenziwe uvavanyo lokuchonga usulelo lwe-cytomegalovirus ngexesha lokukhulelwa;
• ToxoplasmosisSisifo esosulelayo esibangelwa sisifunxi-gazi esinokubangela ubungozi emntwaneni xa usulelo lwenzeka kwinyanga ezintathu zokugqibela zokukhulelwa kwaye, ke ngoko, kubalulekile ukuba owasetyhini alumkele usulelo, kunye nokwenza uvavanyo ukuqala unyango kunye nokukhusela iingxaki. Funda ngakumbi malunga ne-toxoplasmosis ngexesha lokukhulelwa;
• IHepatitis B kunye noC, Zizifo ezosulelayo ezibangelwa ziintsholongwane ezinokudluliselwa emntwaneni, ezinokubangela ukuzalwa kwangaphambi kwexesha okanye ubunzima bokuzalwa komntwana.

Olu vavanyo kufuneka lwenziwe kwikota yokuqala kwaye luphindwe kwisibini kunye / okanye kwisithathu seenyanga ezintathu zokukhulelwa, ngokwesikhokelo sengcali yokubelekisa. Ukongeza, kwikota yesithathu yokukhulelwa, phakathi kwe-35 neye-37 iveki yokukhulelwa, kubalulekile ukuba owasetyhini avavanyelwe iqela B streptococcus, IStreptococcus agalactiae, ukuba ibacteria eyinxalenye yentsholongwane yelungu lobufazi labasetyhini, nangona kunjalo kuxhomekeke kubungakanani bayo kunokubangela umngcipheko kusana ngexesha lokuhanjiswa. Jonga ukuba lwenziwa njani uvavanyo lokuchonga iqela le-streptococcus.

5. Uvavanyo lomchamo kunye nenkcubeko yomchamo

I-Urinalysis, ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-EAS, ibalulekile ekuchongeni ukosuleleka komchamo, oqhelekileyo ngexesha lokukhulelwa. Ukongeza kwi-EAS, ugqirha ukwabonisa ukuba inkcubeko yomchamo iyenziwa, ngakumbi ukuba owasetyhini uxela iimpawu zosulelo, kuba kolu vavanyo kunokwenzeka ukuba achonge ukuba yeyiphi na intsholongwane ejongene nosulelo kwaye, ngenxa yoko, kunokwenzeka ugqirha ukubonisa unyango olungcono.

6. I-Ultrasound

Ukusebenza kwe-ultrasound kubaluleke kakhulu ngexesha lokukhulelwa, njengoko kuvumela ugqirha kunye nomfazi ukuba bajonge ukukhula komntwana. Ke, kungenziwa i-ultrasound ukufumanisa ubukho bombungu, ixesha lokukhulelwa kunye nokunceda ukumisela umhla wokuhanjiswa, ukubetha kwentliziyo yosana, isikhundla, ukukhula kunye nokukhula kosana.

Ingcebiso kukuba i-ultrasound yenziwe kuzo zonke iitrimester zokukhulelwa, ngokokukhokelwa ngugqirha obelethisayo. Ukongeza kwi-ultrasound yesiqhelo, uvavanyo lwe-morphological ultrasound lunokwenziwa, oluvumela ubuso bomntwana ukuba bubonwe nezifo zichongwe. Fumanisa ukuba uviwo lwe-morphological ultrasound lwenziwa njani.

7. Iimviwo zeGynecological

Ukongeza kwiimviwo eziqhelekileyo eziboniswe ngugqirha, iimviwo zesibeleko sinokucetyiswa ukuze kuvavanywe ummandla osondeleyo. Kungacetyiswa kwakhona ukuba kwenziwe uvavanyo lokuthintela, okwaziwa ngokuba yiPap smear, ejolise ekujongeni ubukho beenguqu kumlomo wesibeleko ezinokubonisa umhlaza, umzekelo. Ke, ukusebenza kwezi mviwo kubalulekile ukuthintela iingxaki kubafazi.

Iimviwo zokukhulelwa komngcipheko ophezulu

Ukuba ugqirha ufumanisa ukuba kukukhulelwa okusemngciphekweni omkhulu, angabonisa ukuba kwenziwa iimvavanyo ezininzi ukuze kuvavanywe inqanaba lomngcipheko kwaye, ngaloo ndlela, abonise amanyathelo anokunciphisa umngcipheko wokukhulelwa kunye neengxaki ezinokubakho kumama kwaye yomntwana. Ukukhulelwa okusemngciphekweni kuxhaphake kakhulu phakathi kwabasetyhini abangaphezulu kweminyaka engama-35 ubudala, benamathuba amakhulu okuphuphuma kwesisu okanye iingxaki.

Kungenxa yokuba amaqanda anokufumana utshintsho olwonyusa umngcipheko wokuba umntwana aphethwe sisifo semfuza, njengeDown's Syndrome. Nangona kunjalo, ayingawo onke amabhinqa akhulelweyo emva kweminyaka engama-35 anengxaki ngexesha lokukhulelwa, ukubeleka okanye ukubeleka, umngcipheko wokuba mkhulu phakathi kwabafazi abatyebe kakhulu, abanesifo seswekile okanye abatshayayo.

Ezinye zeemvavanyo ezinokubonakaliswa ngugqirha zezi:

• Iprofayile ye-fetal biochemicalEsebenza ukunceda ekuchongeni izifo zemvelo kusana;
• I-Corial villus biopsy kunye / okanye i-karyotype yomntwana, osebenza ukufumanisa izifo zofuzo;
• I-echocardiogram yomntwana kunye ne-electrocardiogram, evavanya ukusebenza kwentliziyo yomntwana kwaye ihlala ichazwa xa imeko yesifo sentliziyo ifunyenwe kusana kwiimviwo zangaphambili;
• IMAP, eboniswa kwabasetyhini abanoxinzelelo lwegazi, ukujonga umngcipheko we-pre-eclampsia;
• Amniocentesis, esebenza ukukhangela izifo zofuzo, ezinje nge-Down syndrome kunye nosulelo, njenge-toxoplasmosis, rubella, cytomegalovirus. Kufuneka yenziwe phakathi kweveki ye-15 neye-18 yokukhulelwa;
• ICordocentesis, ekwabizwa ngokuba sisampulu yegazi olungekazalwa, isebenza ukukhangela nakuphi na ukusilela kwe-chromosomal emntwaneni okanye ekurhanelwa ukuba ungcoliseko lwe-rubella kunye ne-toxoplasmosis kade xa ukhulelwe;

Ukusebenza kolu vavanyo kubalulekile kuba kuyanceda ukufumanisa utshintsho olubalulekileyo olunokunyangwa ukuze zingachaphazeli ukukhula komntwana. Nangona kunjalo, ngaphandle kwalo lonke uvavanyo, kukho izifo kunye neesyndromes ezifunyanwa kuphela emva kokuba umntwana ezelwe.