Ityhefu lokususa umhlwa

Ukususa ukungunda kukucoca izindlu. Ukuginya, ukuphefumla imveliso, okanye ukutshiza emehlweni kunokuba yingozi.

Eli nqaku lelolwazi kuphela. SUKUYISETYENZISE ukunyanga okanye ukulawula ukubonakaliswa kwetyhefu uqobo. Ukuba wena okanye umntu onaye une-exposure, fowunela inombolo yakho yongxamiseko yendawo (enje nge-911), okanye iziko lakho lendawo yetyhefu linokufikelelwa ngokuthe ngqo ngokutsalela umnxeba kwinombolo yasimahla yoNcedo lweTyhefu (1-800-222-1222) naphi na eUnited States.

Izithako ezinetyhefu zibandakanya:

• Izixhobo zokuhlamba
• Ihydrogen peroxide
• Isodium hypochlorite
• Isodium perborate
• Isodium percarbonate

Ukususa umngundo kuthengiswa phantsi kwamagama eebranti ezahlukeneyo.

Ukususa ityhefu ekususeni ukungunda kungabangela iimpawu kwiindawo ezininzi zomzimba.

IINDLELA NEEMPANGO

• Ukuphefumla ubunzima (ukusuka kwi-inhalation)
• Ukudumba komqala (kunokubangela nobunzima bokuphefumla)

AMEHLO, IINDlebe, iimpumlo, nomqala

• Intlungu ebuhlungu emqaleni
• Intlungu ebukhali okanye ukutshisa empumlweni, amehlo, iindlebe, imilebe, okanye ulwimi
• Ukulahleka kombono

ISisu kunye namathumbu

• Intlungu yesisu - eqatha
• Izitulo zegazi
• Ukutsha komqala (umbhobho wokutya)
• Ukugabha, mhlawumbi ngegazi

INTLIZIYO NEGAZI

• Ukuwa
• Uxinzelelo lwegazi olusezantsi-lukhula ngokukhawuleza (ukothuka)
• Utshintsho olukhulu kumanqanaba e-asidi yegazi-kukhokelela ekonakaleni komzimba

INKQUBO YENKONZO

• I-Coma (ukwehla kwenqanaba lokuqonda kunye nokusilela ekuphenduleni)
• Isiphukuphuku (ukunciphisa ulwazi, ukulala, ukudideka)

ULusu

• Ukutsha
• Ukucaphuka
• I-Necrosis (imingxunya) eluswini okanye kwizicwili ezingaphantsi

Fumana uncedo lwezonyango kwangoko. MUSA ukumenza umntu aphose ngaphandle kokuba axelelwe ukuba enze njalo ngolawulo lwetyhefu okanye ngumboneleli wezempilo.

Ukuba imichiza isesikhumbeni okanye emehlweni, coca amanzi amaninzi ubuncinci imizuzu eli-15.

Ukuba umntu uphefumle ityhefu, mshukumisele kwangoko ukuya kumoya omtsha.

Fumana olu lwazi lulandelayo:

• Ubudala bomntu, ubunzima, kunye nemeko
• Igama lemveliso (izithako kunye namandla, ukuba kuyaziwa)
• Ixesha laliginyiwe
• Isixa siginyiwe

Iziko lakho lokulawula ityhefu lingafikelelwa ngokuthe ngqo ngokutsalela umnxeba wenombolo yasimahla yasimahla kuTyhefu (1-800-222-1222) naphi na e-United States. Inombolo yomnxeba iya kukuvumela ukuba uthethe neengcali kwityhefu. Baza kukunika eminye imiyalelo.

Le yinkonzo yasimahla neyimfihlo. Onke amaziko olawulo lwetyhefu aseMelika asebenzisa le nombolo yesizwe. Kuya kufuneka ubize ukuba unemibuzo malunga netyhefu okanye ukuthintela ityhefu. AKUFUNI ukuba ibe yingxakeko. Ungatsalela umnxeba nangasiphi na isizathu, iiyure ezingama-24 ngosuku, iintsuku ezisi-7 ngeveki.

Thatha isikhongozeli uhambe naso esibhedlele, ukuba kunokwenzeka.

Umboneleli uya kulinganisa kwaye abeke esweni iimpawu ezibalulekileyo zomntu, kubandakanya iqondo lobushushu, ukubetha kwentliziyo, inqanaba lokuphefumla, kunye noxinzelelo lwegazi. Iimpawu ziya kuphathwa ngokufanelekileyo. Umntu angafumana:

• Uvavanyo lwegazi kunye nomchamo
• Ukuxhasa ukuphefumla, kubandakanya ioksijini ngokusebenzisa ityhubhu ukuya emiphungeni, kunye nomatshini wokuphefumla (i-ventilator)
• I-Bronchoscopy -ikhamera ezantsi komqala ukujonga ukutshisa kwindlela yomoya kunye nemiphunga (ukuba ityhefu ibifunwa)
• I-x-ray yesifuba
• ECG (ukulandelwa kwentliziyo)
• Ikhamera ye-Endoscopy ezantsi emqaleni ukujonga ukutsha kwi-esophagus nakwisisu
• Ulwelo ngomthambo (ngo-IV)
• Iyeza lokuguqula isiphumo setyhefu kunye nokunyanga iimpawu
• Ukususwa kotyando kolusu olutshisiweyo (ukomisa ulusu)
• Tube ngomlomo ungene esiswini ukukhupha (ukumunca) isisu. Oku kwenziwa kuphela xa umntu efumana unyango phakathi kwemizuzu engama-30 ukuya kwengama-45 yetyhefu, kwaye inani elikhulu kakhulu leziyobisi liginyiwe.
• Ukuhlamba ulusu (ukunkcenkceshela) - mhlawumbi rhoqo kwiiyure ezimbalwa kwiintsuku ezininzi

Ukusebenza kakuhle komntu kuxhomekeke kubungakanani betyhefu eginyileyo kunye nokuba unyango lufunyenwe ngokukhawuleza kangakanani. Ngokukhawuleza umntu efumana uncedo lwezonyango, ngcono ithuba lokufumana kwakhona.

Ukuginya ezo tyhefu kunokuba neziphumo ezibi kumalungu amaninzi omzimba. Ukutshiswa kwindlela yomoya okanye ithumbu lesisu kungakhokelela ekufeni kwethishu. Oku kunokubangela usulelo, ukothuka kunye nokufa, kwaneenyanga ezininzi emva kokuba into iginyiwe. Izicubu ezinqabileyo kwiindawo ezichaphazelekayo zingakhokelela kwiingxaki zexesha elide ngokuphefumla, ukugwinya kunye nokwetyisa.

Ukuvezwa okungapheliyo kwimisi yokususa ukungunda kunokubangela iingxaki ezinkulu, zexesha elide.

I-arhente yeZinto ezinobungozi kunye neRejista yezifo (ATSDR) iwebhusayithi. Imigaqo yolawulo lwe-calcium hypochlorite kunye ne-sodium hypochlorite. wwwn.cdc.gov/TSP/ToxFAQs/ToxFAQsDetails.aspx?faqid=928&toxid=192. Ukuhlaziywa ngo-Okthobha 21, 2014. Kufikeleleke ngoNovemba 9, 2019.

IHoyte C. Caustics. Ku: Iindonga RM, iHockberger RS, iGausche-Hill M, ii-eds. Unyango lukaRosen oluNgxamisekileyo: iikhonsepthi kunye nokuziqhelanisa neklinikhi. Umhla we-9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; I-2018: isahluko 148.

UMofenson HC, uCaraccio TR, uMcGujigan M, uGreensher J. Unyango lwezonyango. Ku: Kellerman RD, Rakel DP, ii-eds. Unyango lwangoku lukaConn 2020. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier 2020: 1281-1334.