Iinyani zokuhlaselwa kwentliziyo, Izibalo, kunye nawe

Umxholo

• Ushwankathelo
• 1. Isifo semithambo (Coronary artery disease) (CAD) ngunobangela wesininzi sokuhlaselwa sisifo sentliziyo.
• 2. Ukuvaleka kwegazi ngexesha lokuhlaselwa kwentliziyo kunokugqitywa okanye kungaphelelanga.
• 3. I-CAD inokwenzeka kubantu abadala abancinci.
• 4. Isifo sentliziyo asicaluli.
• 5. Unyaka ngamnye, malunga nama-805,000 aseMelika ahlaselwa yintliziyo.
• 6. Isifo sentliziyo singabiza kakhulu kuqoqosho lwaseMelika.
• 7. Ukuhlaselwa sisifo sentliziyo kunyuka ngokuthe ngcembe kubantu abadala abangaphantsi kweminyaka engama-40.
• 8. Ukuhlaselwa sisifo sentliziyo kuhlala kuhamba neempawu ezintlanu eziphambili.
• 9. Abasetyhini kunokwenzeka ukuba babe neempawu ezahlukeneyo.
• 10. Ukusetyenziswa kwecuba kwandisa umngcipheko wesifo sentliziyo kunye nokuhlaselwa sisifo sentliziyo.
• 11. Uxinzelelo oluphezulu lwegazi yeyona nto iphambili emngciphekweni wesifo sentliziyo.
• 12. Amanqanaba e-cholesterol egazini angenampilo anokunyusa umngcipheko wesifo sentliziyo.
• 13. Ukusela kakhulu utywala kunokukubeka emngciphekweni wokuhlaselwa sisifo sentliziyo.
• 14. Ubushushu bangaphandle bunokuchaphazela amathuba okuhlaselwa sisifo sentliziyo.
• 15. IiVapes kunye ne-e-cigarettes zinokonyusa umngcipheko wokuhlaselwa sisifo sentliziyo.
• Ukuhlaselwa sisifo sentliziyo kuqheleke kakhulu kunokuba sicinga.
• 17. Wakuba uhlaselwe yintliziyo, usemngciphekweni omkhulu wokuba nomnye.
• 18. Imingcipheko ethile yokuhlaselwa sisifo sentliziyo ayinakutshintshwa.
• 19. Isifo sentliziyo sinokunyangwa ngeendlela ezininzi ezahlukeneyo.
• 20. Kungenzeka ukunciphisa amathuba akho okuhlaselwa yintliziyo.

Ushwankathelo

Ukuhlaselwa kwentliziyo, okwabizwa ngokuba yi-myocardial infarction, kwenzeka xa inxenye yesipha sentliziyo ingafumani gazi laneleyo. Wonke umzuzu isihlunu saliwe igazi, amathuba okonyuka kwexesha elide entliziyweni ayonyuka.

Ukuhlaselwa sisifo sentliziyo kunokuba yingozi. Ngubani onokuthi ahlaselwe sisifo sentliziyo, kwaye ungawunciphisa njani amathuba okuba ube nesifo sentliziyo?

Ezi nyani kunye nezibalo zilandelayo zinokukunceda:

• funda ngakumbi ngale meko
• qikelela inqanaba lomngcipheko wakho
• qaphela iimpawu ezilumkisayo zesifo sentliziyo

1. Isifo semithambo (Coronary artery disease) (CAD) ngunobangela wesininzi sokuhlaselwa sisifo sentliziyo.

I-CAD ibangelwa kukwakhiwa kwamacwecwe (enziwe ngediphozithi ye-cholesterol kunye nokudumba) eludongeni lwemithambo ehambisa igazi entliziyweni.

Iplaque buildup ibangela ukuba ngaphakathi kwemithambo inciphise ngokuhamba kwexesha, enokuthi ibambe ukuhamba kwegazi. Okanye, iidipozithi ze-cholesterol zinokuchitheka kumthambo kwaye zibangele igazi.

2. Ukuvaleka kwegazi ngexesha lokuhlaselwa kwentliziyo kunokugqitywa okanye kungaphelelanga.

Ukuvaleka ngokupheleleyo kwe-artery coronary kuthetha ukuba ufumene isifo sentliziyo, "STEMI", okanye ST-elevation myocardial infarction.

Ukuvaleka ngokuyinxenye kubizwa ngokuba yi- "NSTEMI" isifo sentliziyo, okanye ukungabikho kwe-ST-elevation myocardial infarction.

3. I-CAD inokwenzeka kubantu abadala abancinci.

Malunga nabantu abadala abaneminyaka engama-20 nangaphezulu bane-CAD (malunga ne-6.7%). Unokuba ne-CAD ngaphandle kokwazi.

4. Isifo sentliziyo asicaluli.

Ngoyena nobangela uphambili wokusweleka kwabantu bohlanga oluninzi eUnited States.

Oku kubandakanya:

• UmMerika waseMerika
• UmNdiya waseMerika
• Umthonyama waseAlaska
• AmaSpanishi
• amadoda amhlophe

Isifo sentliziyo sesibini kuphela kumhlaza kwabasetyhini abasuka kwiiPacific Islands nakwiAsia American, American Indian, Alaska Native, kunye nabasetyhini baseSpain.

5. Unyaka ngamnye, malunga nama-805,000 aseMelika ahlaselwa yintliziyo.

Kwezi, sisifo sentliziyo sokuqala kwaye ama-200,000 ayenzeka kubantu esele benesifo sentliziyo.

6. Isifo sentliziyo singabiza kakhulu kuqoqosho lwaseMelika.

Ukususela ngo-2014 ukuya ku-2015, isifo senhliziyo sabiza i-United States malunga. Oku kubandakanya iindleko ze:

• iinkonzo zononophelo lwempilo
• amayeza
• Ukuphulukana nemveliso ngenxa yokusweleka kwangethuba

7. Ukuhlaselwa sisifo sentliziyo kunyuka ngokuthe ngcembe kubantu abadala abangaphantsi kweminyaka engama-40.

Eli qela lincinci kunokwenzeka ukuba labelane ngemeko yomngcipheko wokuhlaselwa sisifo sentliziyo, kubandakanya:

• isifo seswekile
• cholesterol ephezulu
• igazi elonyukayo
• ukutshaya

Ukuphazamiseka kokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi, kubandakanya intsangu kunye nokusetyenziswa kwecocaine, kunokuba zizinto ezinokubangela. Abantu abancinci abanesifo sentliziyo babenokunika ingxelo yokusebenzisa kakhulu ezi zinto.

8. Ukuhlaselwa sisifo sentliziyo kuhlala kuhamba neempawu ezintlanu eziphambili.

Ezona mpawu zixhaphakileyo zezi:

• iintlungu esifubeni okanye ukungaphatheki kakuhle
• ndiziva ndibuthathaka, ndinentloko elula, okanye ndityhafile
• intlungu okanye ukungahambi kakuhle emhlathini, entanyeni, okanye ngasemva
• iintlungu okanye ukungaphatheki kakuhle kwingalo enye okanye zombini okanye egxalabeni
• ukuqhawukelwa ngumphefumlo
• ukubila okanye isicaphucaphu

9. Abasetyhini kunokwenzeka ukuba babe neempawu ezahlukeneyo.

Abasetyhini kunokwenzeka ngakumbi ukuba bafumane iimpawu ezinje:

• "I-atypical" iintlungu zesifuba - hayi imvakalelo yeklasikhi yoxinzelelo lwesifuba
• ukuqhawukelwa ngumphefumlo
• isicaphucaphu
• ukugabha
• umqolo obuhlungu
• iintlungu zomhlathi

10. Ukusetyenziswa kwecuba kwandisa umngcipheko wesifo sentliziyo kunye nokuhlaselwa sisifo sentliziyo.

Ukutshaya icuba kunokonakalisa intliziyo kunye nemithambo yegazi, eyonyusa umngcipheko weemeko zentliziyo, ezinje nge-atherosclerosis kunye nokuhlaselwa sisifo sentliziyo.

11. Uxinzelelo oluphezulu lwegazi yeyona nto iphambili emngciphekweni wesifo sentliziyo.

Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu lwenzeka xa uxinzelelo lwegazi kwimithambo yakho kunye neminye imithambo yegazi iphezulu kakhulu kwaye kunokubangela ukuba imithambo iqine.

Ungalunciphisa uxinzelelo lwegazi ngokutshintsha indlela ophila ngayo njengokunciphisa isodium okanye ukuthatha amayeza ukunciphisa umngcipheko wesifo sentliziyo kunye nokuhlaselwa sisifo sentliziyo.

12. Amanqanaba e-cholesterol egazini angenampilo anokunyusa umngcipheko wesifo sentliziyo.

Ikholesterol sisiqwengisi, into efana namanqatha eyenziwe sisibindi okanye efumaneka kukutya okuthile.

I-cholesterol eyongezelelweyo inokwakha kwiindonga zomthambo, zibangele ukuba zibe mxinwa kwaye zinciphise ukuhamba kwegazi kuye entliziyweni, kwingqondo nakwamanye amalungu omzimba.

13. Ukusela kakhulu utywala kunokukubeka emngciphekweni wokuhlaselwa sisifo sentliziyo.

Ukusela kakhulu utywala kunokunyusa uxinzelelo lwegazi kwaye kuvelise ukubetha kwentliziyo okungaqhelekanga.

Zama ukunciphisa ukusela utywala kungabikho ngaphezulu kweziselo ezimbini ngosuku ngamadoda kwaye kungabikho ngaphezulu kwesiselo esinye ngemini kubafazi.

14. Ubushushu bangaphandle bunokuchaphazela amathuba okuhlaselwa sisifo sentliziyo.

Ukutshintsha kwemihla ngemihla kwiqondo lobushushu kunxulunyaniswa nokuhlaselwa sisifo sentliziyo kwisifundo esiveliswe kwiAmerican College of Cardiology's 67th Year Session Session.

Ngenxa yokuba ezinye zeemodeli zemozulu zidibanisa imozulu egqithileyo kunye nokushushubeza komhlaba, iziphumo ezitsha zibonisa ukuba utshintsho lwemozulu lunokukhokelela kukuphakama kwimeko yokuhlaselwa sisifo sentliziyo.

15. IiVapes kunye ne-e-cigarettes zinokonyusa umngcipheko wokuhlaselwa sisifo sentliziyo.

Abantu abadala abavakalisa ukukhukhumala nge-e-cigarettes, okanye vaping, kunokwenzeka kakhulu ukuba bahlaselwe sisifo sentliziyo xa kuthelekiswa nabo bangazisebenzisiyo.

I-E-cigarettes sisixhobo esisebenza ngebhetri esilingisa amava okutshaya icuba.

Uphononongo lwakutsha nje lufumanise ukuba xa kuthelekiswa ne-nonusers, abasebenzisi be-e-cigarette babenamathuba angama-56 epesenti yokuhlaselwa sisifo sentliziyo kunye neepesenti ezingama-30 zokuhlaselwa sisifo.

Ukuhlaselwa sisifo sentliziyo kuqheleke kakhulu kunokuba sicinga.

EUnited States, umntu unesifo sentliziyo.

17. Wakuba uhlaselwe yintliziyo, usemngciphekweni omkhulu wokuba nomnye.

Phantse iipesenti ezingama-20 zabantu abadala abaneminyaka engama-45 nangaphezulu abaye bahlaselwa yintliziyo baya kuba nenye enye kwiminyaka emihlanu.

18. Imingcipheko ethile yokuhlaselwa sisifo sentliziyo ayinakutshintshwa.

Sinokulawula indlela esikhetha ukuphila ngayo, kodwa izinto ezinobungozi kwimfuza okanye kubudala azinakulawulwa.

Oku kubandakanya:

• ukwanda kweminyaka
• ukuba lilungu lesini sobudoda
• amafa

Abantwana babazali abanesifo sentliziyo kunokwenzeka ukuba bakhule ngokwabo.

19. Isifo sentliziyo sinokunyangwa ngeendlela ezininzi ezahlukeneyo.

Unyango lwe-Nonsurgical lubandakanya:

• iyeza zokunciphisa i-cholesterol
• beta-blockers, ezinciphisa ukubetha kwentliziyo kunye nokukhutshwa kwentliziyo
• i-antithrombotic, ethintela amahlwili egazi
• izitampu, ezinciphisa i-cholesterol kunye nokuvuvukala

20. Kungenzeka ukunciphisa amathuba akho okuhlaselwa yintliziyo.

Iingcali zincoma:

• ukuyeka ukutshaya, ukuba uyatshaya
• ukwamkela ukutya okusempilweni
• ukwehlisa uxinzelelo lwegazi
• ukunciphisa uxinzelelo

Ukwenza olu tshintsho kwindlela yokuphila kunokunciphisa umngcipheko wokuphuhlisa i-CAD kunye nokuhlaselwa sisifo sentliziyo.