Uvavanyo kutyelelo lwakho lokuqala lokuzalwa ngaphambi kokubeleka

Umxholo

• Ndilucwangcisela nini utyelelo lwam lwaphambi kokubeleka?
• Zeziphi iimvavanyo endinokuzilindela kutyelelo lokuqala lokubeleka?
• Uvavanyo lokukhulelwa oluqinisekisiweyo
• Umhla wokuphila
• Imbali yezonyango
• Uvavanyo lomzimba
• Uvavanyo lwegazi
• Yintoni enye endinokuyilindela kutyelelo lokuqala lokubeleka?
• Kuthekani malunga notyelelo lokuqala lokubeleka?

Yintoni utyelelo lokubeleka?

Unonophelo lwangaphambi kokubeleka lunyango olufumana ngexesha lokukhulelwa. Utyelelo lokhathalelo ngaphambi kokubeleka luqala kwangoko xa ukhulelwe kwaye luqhubeka rhoqo de ubeleke umntwana. Zihlala zibandakanya uvavanyo lomzimba, uvavanyo lokujonga ubunzima, kunye neemvavanyo ezahlukeneyo. Utyelelo lokuqala luyilelwe ukuqinisekisa ukukhulelwa kwakho, uqinisekise impilo yakho ngokubanzi, kwaye ufumanise ukuba ngaba unazo naziphi na izinto ezinobungozi ezinokuchaphazela ukukhulelwa kwakho.

Nokuba ukhulelwe ngaphambili, utyelelo lwaphambi kokubeleka lubaluleke kakhulu. Konke ukukhulelwa kwahlukile. Ukunyamekelwa rhoqo ngaphambi kokubeleka kuya kunciphisa amathuba okuba neengxaki ngexesha lokukhulelwa kwakho kwaye kunokukhusela impilo yakho kunye neyomntwana wakho. Funda ukuze ufunde kabanzi malunga nendlela onokuluhlela ngayo utyelelo lwakho lokuqala kunye nokuba uvavanyo ngalunye luthetha ntoni kuwe nakumntwana wakho.

Ndilucwangcisela nini utyelelo lwam lwaphambi kokubeleka?

Kuya kufuneka ucwangcise utyelelo lwakho lokuqala ngokukhawuleza ukuba uyazi ukuba ukhulelwe. Ngokubanzi, utyelelo lokuqala lokubeleka luza kucwangciswa emva kweveki yesi-8 yokukhulelwa. Ukuba unenye imeko yonyango enokuchaphazela ukukhulelwa kwakho okanye ukhulelwe nzima ngaphambili, umboneleli wakho unokufuna ukukubona kwangoko kunoko.

Inyathelo lokuqala kukukhetha ukuba loluphi uhlobo lomboneleli ofuna ukulubona kutyelelo lwakho lwangaphambi kokubeleka. Izinketho zakho kubandakanya ezi zilandelayo:

• Ugqirha obelethisa (OB): Ugqirha ogxile ekunyamekeleni abasetyhini abakhulelweyo nasekuhambiseni abantwana. Iingcali zokubelethisa lolona khetho lufanelekileyo lokukhulelwa okusemngciphekweni omkhulu.
• Ugqirha wosapho: Ugqirha okhathalela abaguli bayo yonke iminyaka. Ugqirha osapho unokukunyamekela ngaphambi, ngexesha, nasemva kokukhulelwa kwakho. Banokuba ngumboneleli oqhelekileyo wosana lwakho emva kokuzalwa.
• Umbelekisi: Umboneleli wezempilo oqeqeshelwe ukukhathalela abantu basetyhini, ngakumbi ngexa lokukhulelwa. Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zabazalisikazi, kubandakanya nabazalisikazi abaqinisekisiweyo (CNMs) kunye nabazalisikazi abaqinisekisiweyo (CPMs). Ukuba unomdla wokubona umbelekisi ngexesha lokukhulelwa kwakho, kuya kufuneka ukhethe umntu oqinisekisiweyo yiBhodi yaseMelika yokuQinisekiswa kweMidwifery (i-AMCB) okanye iRegistry yaseMelika yaseNyakatho yabazalisikazi (NARM).
• Umongikazi: Umongikazi oqeqeshelwe ukunyamekela abaguli bayo yonke iminyaka, kubandakanya nabasetyhini abakhulelweyo. Oku kunokuba yingcali yomongikazi wosapho (FNP) okanye ingcali yezonyango yabasetyhini. Kwindawo ezininzi, ababelekisi kunye nabongikazi kufuneka basebenze phantsi kweliso likagqirha.

Kungakhathaliseki ukuba uluhlobo luni lomboneleli owukhethayo, uya kutyelela umboneleli wakho wokunakekelwa kwangaphambi kokubeleka ngexesha lokukhulelwa kwakho.

Zeziphi iimvavanyo endinokuzilindela kutyelelo lokuqala lokubeleka?

Kukho inani leemvavanyo ezahlukeneyo ezinikezelwa kutyelelo lokuqala lokubeleka. Ngenxa yokuba oku kuya kuba lixesha lokuqala udibana nomboneleli wakho wokubeleka, ukuqeshwa kokuqala kuhlala kuyeyona inde kakhulu. Olunye uvavanyo kunye nemibuzo onokuyilindela ibandakanya oku kulandelayo:

Uvavanyo lokukhulelwa oluqinisekisiweyo

Nangona sele uthathe uvavanyo lokukhulelwa ekhaya, umboneleli wakho uya kucela isampuli yomchamo ukuze usebenze uvavanyo lokuqinisekisa ukuba ukhulelwe.

Umhla wokuphila

Umboneleli wakho uya kuzama ukumisela umhla wakho oqikelelweyo (okanye ixesha lokukhulelwa lomntwana). Umhla omiselweyo uqikelelwe ngokusekwe kumhla wexesha lakho lokugqibela. Ngelixa uninzi lwabasetyhini lungagqibi ukuzala ngokuchanekileyo ngomhla wabo obekiweyo, iseyindlela ebalulekileyo yokucwangcisa nokujonga inkqubela phambili.

Imbali yezonyango

Wena nomboneleli wakho niya kuxoxa ngazo naziphi na iingxaki zonyango okanye zengqondo ebeninazo ngaphambili. Umboneleli wakho uya kuba nomdla ngokukodwa:

• ukuba ukhe wakhulelwa ngaphambili
• ngawaphi amayeza owathathayo (amayeza kunye nekhawuntara)
• Imbali yonyango yosapho lwakho
• nakuphi na ukukhupha izisu kwangaphambili okanye ukuphuphuma kwesisu
• Umjikelo wakho wokuya exesheni

Uvavanyo lomzimba

Umboneleli wakho uya kwenza uvavanyo olupheleleyo lomzimba. Oku kuya kubandakanya ukuthatha imiqondiso ebalulekileyo, njengokuphakama, ubunzima, kunye noxinzelelo lwegazi, kunye nokujonga imiphunga, amabele kunye nentliziyo. Ngokuxhomekeke ekude kangakanani xa ukhulelwe, umboneleli wakho unako okanye akenzi i-ultrasound.

Umboneleli wakho uya kuthi aqhube novavanyo lwe-pelvic ngexesha lotyelelo lwakho lokuqala ngaphambi kokubeleka ukuba ubungenayo kutshanje. Uvavanyo lwe-pelvic lwenziwa ngeenjongo ezininzi kwaye kubandakanya oku kulandelayo:

• IPap smear esemgangathweni: Oku kuya kuvavanya umhlaza womlomo wesibeleko kunye nezifo ezithile ezidluliselwa ngeentlobano zesini (STIs). Ngexesha le-Pap smear, ugqirha ufaka ngobunono isixhobo esaziwa njenge-speculum kwilungu lakho lobufazi ukuze ubambe iindonga zangasese zihlukane. Basebenzisa ibrashi encinci ukuqokelela iiseli zomlomo wesibeleko. I-Pap smear akufuneki yenzakalise kwaye ithatha kuphela imizuzwana embalwa.
• Uvavanyo lwangaphakathi lwe-bimanual: Ugqirha wakho uya kufaka iminwe emibini ngaphakathi kwilungu lobufazi kunye nesinye isandla esiswini ukukhangela nakuphi na ukungaqheleki kwesibeleko sakho, ii-ovari, okanye iityhubhu ze-fallopian.

Uvavanyo lwegazi

Ugqirha wakho uyakuthatha isampulu yegazi emthanjeni ongaphakathi kwengqiniba yakho aze ayithumele elebhu ukuvavanywa. Akukho lungiselelo lukhethekileyo luyimfuneko kolu vavanyo. Kuya kufuneka uve iintlungu ezibuthathaka xa inaliti ifakiwe isuswe.

Ilabhoratri iya kusebenzisa isampulu yegazi uku:

• Chonga uhlobo lwegazi lakho: Umboneleli wakho uya kudinga ukwazi ukuba loluphi uhlobo lwegazi onalo. Ukuchwetheza igazi kubaluleke ngakumbi ngexesha lokukhulelwa ngenxa yeRhesus (Rh) factor, iprotein ebusweni beeseli ezibomvu zegazi kwabanye abantu. Ukuba awunayo i-Rh kwaye umntwana wakho une-Rh-positive, oko kunokubangela ingxaki ekuthiwa yi-Rh (rhesus) sensitization. Logama umboneleli wakho eyazi le nto, banokuthatha amanyathelo okuthintela naziphi na iingxaki.
• Iscreen sosulelo: Isampulu yegazi ingasetyenziselwa ukukhangela ukuba unazo na izifo, kubandakanya ii-STIs. Oku kunokwenzeka ukuba kubandakanya i-HIV, i-chlamydia, i-gonorrhea, i-syphilis, kunye ne-hepatitis B. Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuba ngaba unalo naluphi na usulelo, njengoko ezinye zinokudluliselwa kusana lwakho ngexesha lokukhulelwa okanye lokuhambisa.
  • Umsebenzi we-US Preventive Services Task Force ngoku ucebisa ukuba bonke ababoneleli ngesikrini se-STI esaziwa ngokuba yi-syphilis besebenzisa uvavanyo lwe-plasma reagin (RPR) olukhawulezileyo kutyelelo lokuqala lwaphambi kokubeleka. I-RPR luvavanyo lwegazi olukhangela ii-antibodies egazini. Ukuba ayinyangwa, igcushuwa ngexesha lokukhulelwa kunokubangela ukuzalwa komntwana oswelekileyo, ukukhubazeka kwethambo kunye nokuphazamiseka kwemithambo-luvo.
• Khangela ukhuseleko kwizifo ezithile: Ngaphandle kokuba unesiqinisekiso esifanelekileyo sokugonya usulelo oluthile (njengerubella kunye nerhashalala), isampulu yegazi lakho isetyenziselwa ukubona ukuba awukhuselekanga na. Kungenxa yokuba izifo ezithile, njengenkukhu yenkukhu, inokuba yingozi emntwaneni wakho ukuba uyayifumana ngexesha lokukhulelwa.
• Linganisa i-hemoglobin yakho kunye nehemmatocrit ukukhangela i-anemia: IHemoglobin yiprotein kwiiseli zakho ezibomvu ezibavumela ukuba baphathe ioksijini kuwo wonke umzimba wakho. IHematocrit ngumlinganiso wenani leeseli ezibomvu zegazi egazini lakho. Ukuba i-hemoglobin yakho okanye i-hematocrit iphantsi, kubonisa ukuba unokuba ne-anemic, oko kuthetha ukuba awunazo iiseli zegazi ezaneleyo. I-anemia ixhaphake phakathi kwabafazi abakhulelweyo.

Yintoni enye endinokuyilindela kutyelelo lokuqala lokubeleka?

Kuba olu lutyelelo lwakho lokuqala, wena kunye nomboneleli wakho niya kuxoxa malunga nokulindelwe ngexesha lekota yokuqala, phendula nayiphi na imibuzo onokuba nayo, kwaye ucebise ukuba wenze utshintsho kwindlela yokuphila ukuze wandise amathuba akho okuba ukhulelwe usempilweni.

Isondlo esifanelekileyo sibaluleke kakhulu ekukhuleni komntwana. Umboneleli wakho uya kukucebisa ukuba uqale ngokuthatha iivithamini kokubeleka, kwaye unokuxoxa ngomthambo, isini, kunye neetyhefu zokusingqongileyo onokuthi uziphephe. Umboneleli wakho unokukuthumela ekhaya ngeencwadana kunye nepakethi yezixhobo zemfundo.

Umboneleli wakho unokuya kuvavanyo lwemvelo. Uvavanyo lokuhlola lusetyenziselwa ukufumanisa ukuphazamiseka kwemfuzo, kubandakanya iDown syndrome, isifo seTay-Sachs, kunye ne-trisomy 18. Olu vavanyo luya kwenziwa kamva xa ukhulelwe - phakathi kweveki ye-15 neye-18.

Kuthekani malunga notyelelo lokuqala lokubeleka?

Iinyanga ezilithoba ezizayo ziya kugcwaliswa kukutyelelwa okuninzi kumboneleli wakho. Ukuba kutyelelo lwakho lokuqala lokukhulelwa, umboneleli wakho unquma ukuba ukukhulelwa kwakho kusemngciphekweni omkhulu, banokukuthumela kwingcali kuvavanyo olunzulu ngakumbi. Ukukhulelwa kuthathwa njengomngcipheko omkhulu ukuba:

• ungaphezu kweminyaka engama-35 okanye ungaphantsi kwama-20
• unesifo esinganyangekiyo njengeswekile okanye uxinzelelo oluphezulu lwegazi
• utyebe kakhulu okanye utyebile
• uneziphindaphindo (amawele, amawele amathathu, njl. njl.)
• Unembali yokulahleka kokukhulelwa, ukuhanjiswa okwexeshana, okanye ukuzalwa kwangaphambi kokuzalwa
• Umsebenzi wakho wegazi ubuya ulungile kusulelo, kwi-anemia, okanye kwi-Rh (rhesus) sensitization

Ukuba ukukhulelwa kwakho kungathathwa njengomngcipheko omkhulu, kufuneka ulindele ukubona umboneleli wakho kutyelelo lwangaphambi kokubeletha rhoqo ngokwale ndlela ilandelayo:

• Ikota yokuqala (ukukhulelwa ukuya kwiiveki ezili-12): rhoqo kwiiveki ezine
• ikota yesibini yesibini (iiveki ezili-13 ukuya kwezi-27): rhoqo kwiiveki ezine
• i-trimester yesithathu (iiveki ezingama-28 ukuya kusiwa): rhoqo kwiiveki ezine kude kube ngeveki yama-32 emva kweeveki ezimbini kude kube ngeveki yama-36, kube kanye ngeveki de kuziswe