Ngaba i-Gluten Sensitivity Real? Inkangeleko ebalulekileyo

Umxholo

• Yintoni igluten?
• Ukuphazamiseka okunxulumene neGluten
• Yintoni ubuntununtunu begluten?
• Ubuntununtunu beGluten bunokuba ligama elingalunganga
• Umgca wezantsi

Ngokophando luka-2013, umntu wesithathu waseMelika uzama ukuthintela i-gluten.

Kodwa isifo se-celiac, esona sifo siqatha sokunyamezelana kwe-gluten, sichaphazela kuphela i-0.7-1% yabantu ().

Enye imeko ebizwa ngokuba yi-non-celiac gluten sensitivity isoloko ixoxwa kwindawo yoluntu kodwa inempikiswano enkulu phakathi kwabaqeqeshi bezempilo ().

Eli nqaku lithatha ujongo oluneenkcukacha malunga nobuntununtunu be-gluten ukumisela ukuba kuya kufuneka ukhathazeke ngayo.

Yintoni igluten?

IGluten lusapho lweeproteni zengqolowa, isipelingi, irye nerhasi. Kwiinkozo ezine-gluten, ingqolowa yeyona isetyenziswa kakhulu.

Iiproteni ezimbini eziphambili kwi-gliadin kunye ne-glutenin. Xa umgubo uxutywe namanzi, ezi proteni zibophelela kuthungelwano oluncamathelayo olunjengeglu-ngokungaguquguquki (3,,).

Igama le-gluten livela kwezi ndawo zinjengeglue.

IGluten yenza intlama ilastiki kwaye ivumela isonka ukuba sinyuke xa sifudunyezwe ngokubambisa iimolekyuli zegesi ngaphakathi. Ikwabonelela ngokwanelisayo, ukuhlafuna okuhlaziyiweyo.

IGluten yeyona proteni iphambili kwiinkozo ezininzi, kubandakanya nengqolowa. Ineempawu ezithile ezenza ukuba ithandwe kakhulu ekwenzeni isonka.

Ukuphazamiseka okunxulumene neGluten

Iimeko ezimbalwa zempilo zihambelana nengqolowa kunye ne-gluten ().

Okona kwaziwayo kwezi kukunganyamezelani kwe-gluten, apho esona sifo sinzima sisifo se-celiac ().

Kubantu abanonyamezelo lwe-gluten, amajoni omzimba ngempazamo acinga ukuba iiproteni ze-gluten ngabahlaseli bamanye amazwe kwaye bazihlasela.

Amajoni omzimba alwa nolwakhiwo lwendalo eludongeni lwamathumbu, olunokubangela ingozi enkulu. Ukuhlaselwa komzimba ngokuchasene nesizathu sokuba ukunganyamezelani kwe-gluten kunye nesifo se-celiac zihlelwa njengezifo ezizimele ().

Isifo seCeliac siqikelelwa ukuba sichaphazele ukuya kuthi ga kwi-1% yabantu base-US. Kubonakala ngathi iyenyuka, kwaye uninzi lwabantu abanale meko abazi ukuba banayo (,,).

Nangona kunjalo, uvakalelo lwe-non-celiac gluten luhlukile kunesifo se-celiac kunye nokunganyamezelani kwe-gluten (12).

Nangona ingasebenzi ngendlela efanayo, iimpawu zayo zihlala zifana (13).

Enye imeko eyaziwa ngokuba yingqolowa yokungezwani komzimba kunqabile kwaye inokuba nefuthe phantsi kwe-1% yabantu kwihlabathi liphela (14).

Ukuphendula okungalunganga kwi-gluten kunxulunyaniswe nezinye iimeko ezininzi, kubandakanya i-gluten ataxia (uhlobo lwe-cerebellar ataxia), iHashimoto's thyroiditis, uhlobo lwe-1 yeswekile, i-autism, i-schizophrenia, kunye noxinzelelo (15,,,,,,,).

IGluteni ayingoyena nobangela wezi zifo, kodwa inokwenza iimpawu zibe mbi ngakumbi kwabo banazo. Kwiimeko ezininzi, ukutya okungenagluten kubonisiwe ukunceda, kodwa kufuneka uphando oluninzi.

Iimeko ezininzi zempilo zibandakanya ingqolowa kunye ne-gluten. Ezona zixhaphake kakhulu kukungabikho komzimba kwengqolowa, isifo se-celiac, kunye novakalelo lwe-non-celiac gluten.

Yintoni ubuntununtunu begluten?

Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ubuntununtunu be-gluten bufumene ingqalelo ebonakalayo koososayensi nakuluntu ().

Ukubeka ngokulula, abantu abaneempawu zobuntununtunu ezinamava emva kokutya ukutya okune-gluten kwaye baphendule ngokuqinisekileyo kukutya okungahambelani ne-gluten- kodwa abanasifo se-celiac okanye isifo sengqolowa.

Abantu abanobuntununtunu obunobunkunkqele bahlala bengenalo ulungelelwaniso lwamathumbu, olona phawu lubalulekileyo lwesifo se-celiac (12).

Nangona kunjalo, akucaci ngokwesayensi ukuba uvakalelo lobuthathaka lusebenza njani.

Ubungqina obukhulayo bubonisa ukubandakanyeka kwee-FODMAPs, udidi lwee-carbs kunye nefayibha ezinokubangela ukungonwabi kokugaya kwabanye abantu ().

Kuba akukho vavanyo lwelebhu lunokumisela ubuntununtunu be-gluten, ukuxilongwa kuhlala kwenziwa ngokuphelisa amanye amathuba.

Le yirubrikhi enye yokuphononongwa yokuqonda ubuntununtunu ():

1. Ukungena kwe-Gluten kubangela iimpawu ezikhawulezileyo, nokuba kukugaya ukutya okanye ukungatyi.
2. Iimpawu ziyanyamalala ngokukhawuleza kukutya okungenagluten.
3. Ukuvelisa kwakhona i-gluten kubangela ukuba iimpawu zivele kwakhona.
4. Isifo seCeliac kunye nokwaliwa yingqolowa kugwetyelwe ngaphandle.
5. Umngeni we-gluten ongaboniyo uqinisekisa ukuxilongwa.

Kwisifundo esinye kubantu abanokuzixela kwe-gluten, kuphela ngama-25% azalisekise iikhrayitheriya zokuchonga ().

Abantu abanobuntununtunu be-gluten baxele iimpawu ezininzi, kubandakanya ukudumba, ukuqumba, urhudo, iintlungu zesisu, ukwehla kobunzima, i-eczema, i-erythema, iintloko, ukudinwa, uxinzelelo, kunye nethambo kunye nokudibana (25,).

Gcina ukhumbula ukuba ubuntununtunu be-gluten- kunye nesifo se-celiac-zihlala zineempawu ezahlukeneyo ezimangalisayo ekunokuba nzima ukuzidibanisa nokwetyisa okanye i-gluten, kubandakanya iingxaki zolusu kunye nokuphazamiseka kwemithambo-luvo (,).

Ngelixa idatha isilela kubukho be-gluten sensitivity, uphononongo lubonisa ukuba i-0.5-6% yabemi behlabathi banokuba nale meko ().

Ngokwezinye izifundo, ubuntununtunu be-gluten buqheleke kakhulu kubantu abadala kwaye buxhaphake kakhulu kwabasetyhini kunamadoda (, 30).

Ubuntununtunu beGluten kubandakanya ukusabela okugwenxa kwi-gluten okanye ingqolowa kubantu abangenaso isifo se-celiac okanye ukungabikho komzimba kwengqolowa. Akukho datha ilungileyo iyafumaneka ngendlela eqhelekileyo ngayo.

Ubuntununtunu beGluten bunokuba ligama elingalunganga

Izifundo ezininzi zibonisa ukuba uninzi lwabantu olukholelwa ekubeni lubuthathaka kwi-gluten alusabeli kwaphela.

Olunye uphononongo lubeke abantu abangama-37 abane-irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) kunye novakalelo lwe-gluten kwi-low-FODMAP yokutya ngaphambi kokuba ubanike i-gluten-endaweni yengqolowa ene-gluten njengengqolowa ().

Isolated gluten ayibanga nafuthe lokutya kubathathi-nxaxheba ().

Isifundo sigqibe kwelokuba aba bantu bacinge ukuba ubuntununtunu be-gluten kunokwenzeka ukuba babe novakalelo kwii-FODMAPs.

Ayisiyiyo kuphela ingqolowa ephezulu kolu hlobo oluthile lwee-carbs, kodwa ii-FODMAPs zikwabangela iimpawu ze-IBS (32,,).

Olunye uphando luxhase ezi ziphumo. Kutyhile ukuba abantu abanokuzixela ngokwabo ubuntununtunu abangasabeliyo kwi-gluten kodwa kwi-fructans, udidi lwee-FODMAPs kwingqolowa ().

Ngelixa i-FODMAPs ngoku kukholelwa ukuba sesona sizathu siphambili sokuzibika kwe-gluten sensitivity, i-gluten khange ikhutshwe ngokupheleleyo.

Kwisifundo esinye, ii-FODMAPs zezona zinto ziphambili ezibangela ukuba abantu bakholelwe ekubeni banovakalelo lwe-gluten. Nangona kunjalo, abaphandi bacinge ukuba i-gluten-ibangele ukuphendula kwamajoni omzimba kunegalelo kwimeko ().

Nangona kunjalo, izazinzulu ezininzi zithi ubuntununtunu bengqolowa okanye ukunganyamezelani nengqolowa ziilebhile ezichaneke ngakumbi kunovakalelo lwegluten (, 30).

Ngaphezulu, ezinye izifundo zibonisa ukuba iintlobo zengqolowa zale mihla ziyanda kuneentlobo zamandulo ezifana ne-einkorn kunye ne-kamut (,).

Ii-FODMAPs- hayi i-gluten-ibonakala ngathi ngoyena nobangela weengxaki zokugaya ukutya kubuntununtunu obungathathi cala. Ezinye izazinzulu zikholelwa ukuba ubuntununtunu bengqolowa ligama elifanelekileyo kule meko.

Umgca wezantsi

I-Gluten kunye nengqolowa zilungile kwabanye abantu kodwa hayi kwabanye.

Ukuba usabela ngokungalunganga kwingqolowa okanye kwiimveliso eziqulathe igluten, unokukuphepha ngokulula oku kutya. Unokufuna kwakhona ukuxoxa ngeempawu zakho nengcali yezempilo.

Ukuba uthatha isigqibo sokuyeka i-gluten, khetha ukutya okupheleleyo okungafunekiyo ngokwendalo. Kungcono ukucima izinto ezingenanto ze-gluten, njengoko ezi zihlala zilungiswa kakhulu.