Inguquko iyichaphazela njani iMbaleki yeTransgender kwiMidlalo yeMidlalo?

Umxholo

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NgoJuni, umdlali ophumelele imbasa yegolide kwiOlimpiki uCaitlyn Jenner-owayesakuba nguBruce Jenner-waphuma njenge-transgender. Yayingumzuzu wamanzi kunyaka apho imicimbi ye-transgender ibisoloko isenza iintloko. Ngoku, uJenner uthathwa njengomnye wabantu abadumileyo ngokuphandle kwe-transgender emhlabeni. Kodwa ngaphambi kokuba abe ngumfanekiso we-transgender, ngaphambi kokuba aqhubeke Ukugcina kunye neeKardashians, wayengumdlali weembaleki. Kwaye utshintsho lwakhe lwasesidlangalaleni lumenza ukuba abe yeyona mbaleki idumileyo emhlabeni. (Enyanisweni, intetho yakhe esuka entliziyweni yenye yezinto ezili-10 ezimangalisayo ezenzeke kwiiMbasa ze-ESPY.)

Nangona uJenner etshintshe kwakudala emva kokuba ngumdlali weembaleki, (kancinci) ukwamkelwa kwabo bachonga njenge-transgender kuthetha ukuba baninzi abantu phaya abathi zi Ukutshintsha ngelixa ukhuphisana nomdlalo othile. Imixholo emitsha ivela qho ngeveki-kukho amagqwetha ase Mzantsi Dakota ophakamise uviwo olubonakalayo lwamalungu esini seembaleki; inyathelo laseCalifornia lokunqanda abantu abadlulayo ukuba basebenzise amagumbi abo okutshixa; Umthetho wase-Ohio wokuba iimbaleki zamabhinqa ezidlulayo kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo kufuneka zitshekishwe ukuze zibone ukuba zibonakalisa inzuzo ngokwasemzimbeni ngokwesakhiwo samathambo kunye nobunzima bemisipha. Kwanakwezona zinto zinobuntununtunu kunye nenkxaso yezizathu ze-LGBT, kunzima ukufumanisa ukuba kukho indlela "efanelekileyo" yokuvumela umntu ukuba adlalele iqela elichasene nesini kwinto abayabelwe ekuzalweni-ingakumbi kwimeko yabasetyhini abagqithisiweyo. , abachonga njengabasetyhini kodwa ngokuqinisekileyo banamandla (kwaye agcina) amandla, amandla, ubunzima bomzimba, kunye nonyamezelo lwendoda.

Kakade ke, amava okuba yimbaleki egqithileyo intsonkothe ​​kakhulu kunokutshintsha nje iinwele zakho kwaye emva koko ubukele iindebe ziqengqeleka. Eyona nzululwazi emva konyango lwehomoni okanye uqhaqho lokwabiwa ngokutsha ngokwesini aluniki mpendulo ilula, nokuba-kodwa akukho nyango. Inyathelo litshintsha utshintsho kwezemidlalo ngendlela abanye abanokucinga ngayo.

Utshintsha njani umzimba weTrans

USavannah Burton, oneminyaka engama-40, ngumfazi odlulayo odlala idodgeball yobuchwephesha. Ukhuphiswano lobuntshatsheli behlabathi kweli hlobo kunye neqela labasetyhini-kodwa wadlalela iqela lamadoda ngaphambi kokuba aqale utshintsho.

"Ndidlale imidlalo kakhulu ebomini bam. Njengomntwana, ndazama yonke into: iHockey, ukwehla ekweyileni, kodwa ibaseball yeyona nto bendijolise kuyo," utshilo. "I-baseball yayiluthando lwam lokuqala." Udlale phantse iminyaka engamashumi amabini-nangona eyindoda. Emva koko kwafika ukubaleka, ukukhwela ibhayisekile, kunye ne-dodgeball ngo-2007, umdlalo omtsha ngaphandle kwejimu yebanga lesikolo. Wayeneminyaka eliqela kumsebenzi wakhe we-dodgeball xa wathatha isigqibo sokuthatha amanyathelo onyango ukuze atshintshe kwiminyaka yakhe yamashumi amathathu.

"Ndandisadlala i-dodgeball xa ndandiqala ukuthatha i-testosterone blockers kunye ne-estrogen," ukhumbula uBurton. Waziva utshintsho olufihlakeleyo kwiinyanga ezimbalwa zokuqala. "Ndabona ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba ukuphosa kwam kwakungekho nzima njengokuba kwakunjalo. Andinakudlala ngendlela efanayo. Andikwazi ukukhuphisana kwinqanaba elinye ebendinalo."

Uchaza inguqu yomzimba eyonwabisayo njengomntu otshintshe isini kwaye isoyikeka njengembaleki. “Ubuchwephesha bam bokudlala abuzange butshintshe,” utshilo malunga nobuchule bakhe kunye nolungelelwaniso. "Kodwa amandla am omzimba ehle kakhulu. Andikwazi ukujula ngamandla." Umahluko wawubetha kakhulu kwi-dodgeball, apho injongo ikukuphosa ngamandla kwaye ngokukhawuleza kwiithagethi zakho zabantu. Xa uBurton edlala namadoda, iibhola zaziza kubhuqa ngamandla ezifubeni zabantu kangangokuba baya kwenza ingxolo enkulu. "Ngoku, abantu abaninzi bayazibamba ezo bhola," utshilo. "Ke kuyaphazamisa oko." Phosa njengentombazana, inene.

Amava kaBurton aqhelekile kutshintsho lwendoda-nokuba ngumfazi (MTF), utshilo uRobert S. Beil, MD, weQela lezoNyango laseMontefiore. “Ukulahlekelwa yi testosterone kuthetha ukuphelelwa ngamandla nokuba nobuchule obuncinane kwezemidlalo,” uyachaza. "Asazi ukuba i-testosterone inefuthe elithe ngqo kumandla emisipha, kodwa ngaphandle kwe testosterone, zigcinwa ngesantya esisezantsi." Oku kuthetha ukuba abasetyhini kufuneka basebenze nzima ixesha elide ukugcina ubunzima bemisipha, ngelixa amadoda ebona iziphumo ngokukhawuleza.

U-Beil wongezelela ukuba amadoda anomlinganiselo ophezulu wokubala kwegazi, kwaye ukuguquka kunokubangela ukuba "iiseli zegazi ezibomvu zehle, kuba inani leeseli ezibomvu zegazi kunye nokuveliswa kweeseli ezibomvu zegazi ziphenjelelwa yi testosterone." Iiseli zakho ezibomvu zegazi zibalulekile ekuthwaleni ioksijini ukusuka emiphungeni ukuya kwizicwili zakho; Abantu abafumana utofelo-gazi bahlala beziva besomelela kwaye besomelela, kanti abantu abane-anemia baziva bebuthathaka. Oku kunokucacisa ukuba kutheni uBurton ekwachaze ukuhla kwamandla kunye nonyamezelo, ngakumbi xa esiya kubaleka kusasa.

Ukusasazeka kwamafutha kwakhona, kunika amabhinqa amabhinqa okuhambisa kunye nokuma kancinci, imilo egobileyo. UAlexandria Gutierrez, 28, ngumfazi otshintshayo oseke inkampani yoqeqesho lobuqu, i-TRANSnFIT, egxile ekuqeqesheni indawo ye-transgender. Uchithe amashumi amabini eminyaka esebenza nzima ukunciphisa umzimba emva kokubetha ubunzima beepawundi ezingama-220, kodwa wabona wonke loo mzamo uthamba ngokoqobo phambi kwamehlo akhe xa wayeqala ukuthatha i-estrogen kwiminyaka emibini eyadlulayo. “Ngokuqinisekileyo kwakusoyikeka,” uyakhumbula. "Kwiminyaka embalwa yokuhamba bendihlala ndisebenzisa ubunzima beepawundi ezingama-35 ukuphinda-phinda. Namhlanje, ndiyasokola ukuphakamisa i-dumbbell engama-20." Kuthathe unyaka womsebenzi ukubuyela kumanani awayewatsalile ngaphambi kotshintsho lwakhe.

Yinto yokomelela komzimba ukuba abafazi boyika ukuyiphakamisa kuba bengafuni izihlunu, kodwa uGutierrez uyawaqinisekisa la manenekazi ukuba kunzima ukufika phaya. Uthi: "Ndingahamba ndiphakamise ubunzima obunzima, kwaye izihlunu zam azizukutshintsha," utshilo. "Enyanisweni, ndizamile ukunyusa, njengovavanyo, kwaye ayizange isebenze."

Utshintsho oluguquliweyo lwabasetyhini ukuya kwindoda (i-FTM) ifumana ukujolisa okungaphantsi, kodwa kufanelekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba, ewe, amadoda atshintshayo yenza Ngokwesiqhelo uziva iimpembelelo ezichaseneyo, nangona kamsinya kamsinya ngenxa yokuba i-testosterone inamandla kakhulu. "Kungathatha iminyaka ukuphuhlisa umzimba owufunayo phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo, kodwa i-testosterone yenza ukuba yenzeke ngokukhawuleza," uchaza uBeil. "Itshintsha amandla kunye nesantya kunye namandla okuphendula kwimithambo." Ewe, kuhle kakhulu ukuba yindoda xa ujonge ii-biceps ezinkulu kunye neepakethi ezintandathu.

Yintoni Ingxaki Enkulu?

Nokuba uyindoda uye kwabasetyhini okanye ngokuchaseneyo, ukwakheka kwethambo lomntu akunakulindeleka ukuba litshintshe ngendlela ebalulekileyo. Ukuba wazalwa ungowasetyhini, usenokubanakho ukuba mfutshane, ube mncinci, kwaye ube namathambo amancinci emva kotshintsho; ukuba uzelwe uyindoda, kunokwenzeka ukuba ube mde, ube mkhulu, kwaye ube namathambo axineneyo. Kwaye kukho ukungavisisani.

"Umntu otshintshisayo nge-FTM uzakuphela ehlelelekile ngenxa yokuba banesakhelo esincinci," utshilo uBeil. "Kodwa i-MTF trans people badla ngokuba bakhulu, kwaye banokuba namandla athile kwangaphambi kokuba baqalise ukusebenzisa i-estrogen."

Zizinto eziluncedo eziphakamisa imibuzo enzima kwimibutho yeembaleki kwihlabathi jikelele. "Ndicinga ukuba kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo okanye imibutho yeembaleki yasekhaya, ngumahluko omncinci ngokwaneleyo ukuba abantu bafanele ukuwuhoya," utshilo. "Ngumbuzo onzima xa uthetha ngabadlali be-elite."

Kodwa ezinye iimbaleki ziphikisa ngelithi akukho ngenelo. "Intombazana eguqukayo ayinamandla kunamanye amantombazana," ucacisa uGutierrez. "Ngumcimbi wemfundo. Le yinkcubeko ngokupheleleyo." Utshintsho iimbaleki, isixhobo esisebenza kwi-intanethi, sigcina umkhondo wemigaqo-nkqubo yangoku ebhekisa kwiimbaleki ezihamba phambili kumanqanaba ahlukeneyo kwilizwe liphela. IKomiti yeOlimpiki yaMazwe ngaMazwe, ibhengeze ukuba iimbaleki eziguqukayo zinokukhuphisana neqela lesini elichongiweyo, ukuba sele begqibile ukwenza utyando lwangaphandle kwaye batshintshe ngokusemthethweni isini sabo.

"Inzululwazi ngasemva [yokutshintsha] kukuba akukho luncedo kwiimbaleki. Enye yeengxaki ezinkulu endinazo ngezikhokelo ze-IOC," u-Burton unyanzelisa. Ewe, iimbaleki zobuchwephesha zothutho zivunyelwe ukukhuphisana kwiiOlimpiki. Kodwa ngokufuna utyando lwelungu langasese kuqala, i-IOC yenze eyabo isibhengezo sokuba kuthetha ukuthini ukuba ne-transgender; ayithatheli ngqalelo into yokuba abanye abantu abaguquguqukayo abaze bafumane utyando lwangasese-kuba abanakukwazi ukuyihlawula, abakwazanga kuchacha kulo, okanye abafuni. "Abantu abaninzi banoluvo lokuba yinto egqithisileyo," utsho uBurton.

Nangona bobabini abasetyhini baphulukene nobuchule babo kwezemidlalo, bathi izinto ezintle zenguqu zigqithise kakhulu izinto ezimbi.

"Ndikulungele ukuncama yonke into kutshintsho, nokuba iyandibulala," utshilo uBurton. "Kwakukuphela kwenketho kum. Ndaziva ngathi, kuya kuba kuhle ukuba ndikwazi ukudlala imidlalo emva koku, kodwa kwakuyibhonasi. Inyaniso yokuba ndiyakwazi ukudlala emva kwenguqu iyamangalisa nje. "

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