Ukungoneliseki kweMitral: yintoni, izidanga, iimpawu kunye nonyango

Umxholo

• Iimpawu eziphambili
• Amanqanaba okuphinda ubuye kwimitral
• 1. Ukuphinda ubuye kwimetral
• 2. Ukumodareyitha kwakhona okumodareyitha
• 3. Ukubuya kwakhona kwe-mitral
• Izizathu ezinokubangela
• Unyango lwenziwa njani
• 1. Ukulandelelwa kwezonyango
• 2. Ukusetyenziswa kwamayeza
• 3. Utyando lwentliziyo
• Ukunyamekela ngexesha lonyango

Ukungabikho kweMitral, okwabizwa ngokuba yi-mitral regurgitation, kwenzeka xa kukho isiphako kwi-mitral valve, esisakhiwo sentliziyo esahlula i-atrium yasekhohlo kwi-ventricle yasekhohlo. Xa oku kusenzeka, i-mitral valve ayivaleki kwaphela, ibangela umthamo omncinci wegazi ubuyele emiphungeni endaweni yokushiya intliziyo ukuba inkcenkceshele umzimba.

Abantu abane-mitral insufficiency bahlala befumana iimpawu ezifana nokuphefumula emva kokwenza imizamo elula, ukukhwehlela rhoqo kunye nokudinwa okugqithisileyo.

Ukujikeleza kuyaphazamiseka ngakumbi xa kusonakaliswa i-mitral valve, edla ngokuphulukana namandla ngokobudala, okanye emva kwempazamo ye-myocardial, umzekelo. Nangona kunjalo, ukungonelanga kwe-mitral nako kunokuba yingxaki yokuzalwa. Nokuba yeyiphi na indlela, ukungonelanga kwe-mitral kufuneka kunyangwe yi-cardiologist onokucebisa amayeza okanye utyando.

Iimpawu eziphambili

Iimpawu zokuphinda ziphinde zenziwe i-mitral kungathatha iminyaka ukuvela, kuba olu tshintsho lwenzeka ngokuthe ngcembe, kwaye ke luhlala luqhelekile kubantu abaneminyaka yobudala ethe kratya. Iimpawu eziphambili zokuhlaziywa kwe-mitral zezi:

• Ukuphefumla kancinci, ngakumbi xa usenza umgudu okanye xa usiya kulala;
• Ukudinwa kakhulu;
• Ukukhohlela, ingakumbi ebusuku;
• Ukubetha kwentliziyo nokubaleka kwentliziyo;
• Ukudumba kweenyawo kunye namaqatha.

Phambi kwezi mpawu, kufuneka kuboniswane nodokotela wezifo zentliziyo ukuze kufunyaniswe isifo kwaye olona nyango lufanelekileyo lunokuqaliswa.

Ukuchongwa kokungonelanga kwe-mitral kwenziwa ngokusekwe kwiimpawu, iklinikhi kunye nembali yosapho yeengxaki zentliziyo kunye novavanyo olunje ngokunyusa intliziyo ngestethoscope ukuvavanya nayiphi na ingxolo okanye ingxolo ngexesha lokubetha kwentliziyo, i-electrocardiogram, i-echocardiogram, i-x-ray, ikhompyuter i-tomography okanye imaging resonance imaging; kunye nokuvavanya ukuvavanya ukusebenza kwentliziyo.

Olunye uhlobo loviwo olunokufunwa yi-cardiologist yi-catheterization, ekuvumela ukuba ujonge intliziyo ngaphakathi kwaye uvavanye ukonakala kwezivalo zentliziyo. Fumanisa ukuba yenziwa njani na into yokubulala iintlungu ngentliziyo.

Amanqanaba okuphinda ubuye kwimitral

Ukungabikho kweMitral kunokuhlelwa kwezinye iidigri ngokobunzima beempawu kunye nesizathu, ezona ziphambili zezi:

1. Ukuphinda ubuye kwimetral

Ukuhlaziywa kwe-mitral discrete, ekwabizwa ngokuba kukuphinda ubuye kwimitral, ayivelisi zimpawu, ayinzulu kwaye ayifuni nyango, ichongiwe kuphela ngexesha lovavanyo oluqhelekileyo xa ugqirha esiva isandi esahlukileyo xa esenza intiyo yentliziyo kunye ne-stethoscope.

2. Ukumodareyitha kwakhona okumodareyitha

Olu hlobo lokungoneliseki kwe-mitral lubangela iimpawu ezingangqinelaniyo ezinje ngokungakhathali, umzekelo, kwaye akukho mfuneko yonyango kwangoko. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, ugqirha umamela kuphela intliziyo yomntu kwaye anike uvavanyo rhoqo kwiinyanga ezi-6 ukuya kwezi-12, ezinje nge-echocardiography okanye i-X-ray yesifuba ukujonga i-mitral valve kwaye ubone ukuba ukuphinda kwe-mitral kubi kakhulu.

3. Ukubuya kwakhona kwe-mitral

Ukubuya kwe-mitral ngamandla kubangela iimpawu zokuphefumla kancinci, ukukhohlela kunye nokudumba kweenyawo kunye namaqatha, kwaye kuhlala kucetyiswa ngugqirha ukusebenzisa amayeza okanye ukwenza utyando ukulungisa okanye ukubuyisela ivalve ngokuxhomekeke kubudala bomntu.

Izizathu ezinokubangela

Ukungakwazi ukusebenza kweMitral kunokwenzeka ngokuqinisekileyo ngenxa yokuqhekeka kwentliziyo yemisipha ebangelwa kukuqaqamba kwesifo sephepha, isifo sokugqibela esosulelayo okanye ifuthe le-radiotherapy okanye amayeza, anje ngefenfluramine okanye i-ergotamine, umzekelo. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, kunokucetyiswa utyando ukulungisa okanye ukubuyisela ivalve.

Ezinye izifo zinokuwuguqula umsebenzi we-mitral valve kwaye zibangele ukuphindaphinda kwe-mitral, njengezifo ze-rheumatic, i-mitral valve prolapse, ukubalwa kwe-mitral valve ngokwayo okanye ukusilela kwe-valve yokuzalwa, umzekelo. Olu hlobo lokungaphumeleli luyaqhubeka kwaye kufuneka luphathwe ngamayeza okanye ngotyando.

Ukongeza, ukuphindaphinda kwe-mitral kunokwenzeka ngenxa yokuguga, kwaye kukho umngcipheko omkhulu wokukhula kwakhona kwe-mitral ukuba kukho imbali yosapho yesifo.

Unyango lwenziwa njani

Unyango lokungonelanga kwe-mitral luyahluka ngokobunzulu besifo, iimpawu okanye ukuba isifo siba mandundu, kwaye sijolise ekuphuculeni ukusebenza kwentliziyo, ukunciphisa imiqondiso kunye neempawu kunye nokuphepha iingxaki ezizayo.

1. Ukulandelelwa kwezonyango

Ukuphinda kubuye kwakhona okanye ukuphola kwimitral kusenokungafuneki kunyango, ukulandelwa rhoqo kwezonyango kuyacetyiswa kwaye ukuphindaphinda kuya kuxhomekeka kubukrakra besifo. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, ugqirha unokucebisa utshintsho kwindlela yokuphila esempilweni njengokutya okunezondlo kunye nokuziqhelanisa nemisebenzi yomzimba elula njengokuhamba, umzekelo.

2. Ukusetyenziswa kwamayeza

Kwiimeko apho umntu eneempawu okanye ukungonelanga kwe-mitral kunzima okanye kunganyangeki, umzekelo, ugqirha usenokubonisa ukusetyenziswa kwamayeza anje ngala:

• Womchamo: la mayeza anceda ukunciphisa ukudumba nokufumba kolwelo emiphungeni okanye emilenzeni;
• Iintsholongwane: zibonisiwe ukunceda ukuthintela ukwenziwa kwamahlwili egazi kwaye zinokusetyenziswa kwimeko ye-atrill fibrillation;
• Iziyobisi ezichasayo isetyenziselwa ukulawula uxinzelelo lwegazi, njengoko uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu kunokubangela ukuba i-mitral iphindaphindwe.

La machiza ayanceda ekunyangeni nasekulawuleni iimpawu, kodwa azijongani nesizathu sokuphinda ubuye kwimitral.

3. Utyando lwentliziyo

Utyando lwentliziyo, olubizwa ngokuba yi-valvuloplasty, lunokuboniswa ngugqirha wezifo zentliziyo kwiimeko ezinzima kakhulu, ukulungiswa okanye ukutshintshwa kwevalve ye-mitral kunye nokuphepha iingxaki ezinje ngokusilela kwentliziyo, i-fibrillation ye-atrial okanye uxinzelelo lwegazi. Qonda indlela olwenziwa ngayo utyando lwentliziyo ukuze iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde ibuye.

Ukunyamekela ngexesha lonyango

Ezinye iindlela zokuphila zibalulekile xa unyanga ukuphinda ubuye kwimitral kwaye zibandakanya:

• Ngaba ukubeka iliso kwezonyango ukulawula uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu;
• Gcina ubunzima obuphilileyo;
• Musa ukutshaya;
• Gwema iziselo ezinxilisayo kunye ne-caffeine;
• Yenza imithambo yomzimba ekhuthazwa ngugqirha;
• Yiba nokutya okusempilweni nokunesondlo.

Kwabasetyhini abanokusilela kwe-mitral kwaye banqwenela ukukhulelwa, uvavanyo lwezonyango kufuneka lwenziwe ngaphambi kokuba ukhulelwe ukubona ukuba ivalve yentliziyo iyakunyamezela na ukukhulelwa, njengoko ukukhulelwa kwenza ukuba intliziyo isebenze nzima. Ukongeza, ngexesha lokukhulelwa nasemva kokubeleka, kufuneka kwenziwe iliso rhoqo kugqirha wezifo zentliziyo kunye nengcali yokubelekisa.

Kwimeko yabantu abaye bafumana i-valvuloplasty, kwaye kufuneka baye kunyango lwamazinyo, ugqirha kufuneka anike amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane ukuthintela usulelo kwivelufa yentliziyo ebizwa ngokuba yi-infective endocarditis. Jonga indlela i-bacterial endocarditis iphathwa ngayo.