Ngaba iGluten ayilunganga kuwe? Inkangeleko ebalulekileyo

Umxholo

• Yintoni iGluten?
• Ukunganyamezelani kweGluten
• Isifo seCeliac
• Utywala lweeNgqolowa
• Ubuntununtunu obungaCeliac Gluten
• Abanye abantu abanokuxhamla kwisidlo esingahambisiyo seGluten
• Izifo ezizimeleyo
• Ezinye iimeko
• Ngaba wonke umntu kufuneka ayiphephe iGluten?
• Isizathu Sokuba Abantu Abaninzi Baziva Bebhetele
• Ngaba oku kutya kukhuselekile?
• Ngaba iimveliso eziSimahla zeGluten zisempilweni?
• Umgca osezantsi

Ukuhamba ngaphandle kwe-gluten kunokuba yeyona ndlela iphambili kwezempilo kule minyaka ilishumi idlulileyo, kodwa kukho ukudideka malunga nokuba i-gluten inengxaki kuwo wonke umntu okanye abo baneemeko ezithile zonyango.

Kucacile ukuba abanye abantu kufuneka bayiphephe ngenxa yezizathu zempilo, ezinje ngesifo se-celiac okanye ukunganyamezelani.

Nangona kunjalo, uninzi lwempilo kunye nokuba sempilweni kwehlabathi lucebisa ukuba wonke umntu kufuneka alandele ukutya okungahambisani ne-gluten - nokuba akanyamezelani okanye akunjalo.

Oku kukhokelele izigidi zabantu ukuba ziyeke i-gluten ngethemba lokunciphisa umzimba, ukuphucula imeko, kunye nokuba sempilweni.

Okwangoku, usenokuzibuza ukuba ingaba ezi ndlela zixhaswa sisayensi.

Eli nqaku likuxelela ukuba ngaba i-gluten imbi ngokwenene kuwe.

Yintoni iGluten?

Nangona ihlala icingelwa njengendawo enye, i-gluten ligama elihlangeneyo elibhekisa kwiindidi ezininzi zeeprotein (iiprotein) ezifumaneka kwingqolowa, irhasi, irye, kunye netriticale (umnqamlezo phakathi kwengqolowa nerye) ().

Iiprithamini ezahlukeneyo zikhona, kodwa zonke zinxulumene kwaye zinolwakhiwo kunye neepropathi ezifanayo. Ezona protrolini zingqolowa zibandakanya i-gliadin kunye ne-glutenin, ngelixa eyona iphambili kwirhasi yi-hordein ().

Iiproteni zeGluten- ezinje nge-glutenin kunye ne-gliadin- zi-elastic kakhulu, yiyo loo nto ukutya okunee-gluten kufanelekile ekwenzeni isonka kunye nezinye izinto ezibhakiweyo.

Ngapha koko, i-gluten eyongezelelweyo ngohlobo lwemveliso eyimpuphu ebizwa ngokuba yingqolowa ebalulekileyo yengqolowa ihlala ifakwa kwizinto ezibhakiweyo ukonyusa amandla, ukunyuka, kunye nobomi beshelufu kwimveliso egqityiweyo.

Ukutya okuqulathe i-Gluten kunye nokutya kwenza isahlulo esikhulu sezidlo zangoku, kunye nokutya okuqikelelweyo kwizidlo zaseNtshona ezijikeleze i-5-20 gram ngosuku ().

Iiproteni zeGluten ziyamelana kakhulu neeprotease enzymes ezaphula iiproteni kwindawo yakho yokwetyisa.

Ukucola okungaphelelanga kweeproteni kuvumela ii-peptides-iiyunithi ezinkulu ze-amino acid, ezizibhloko zokwakha zeeproteni-ukuwela udonga lwamathumbu akho amancinci uye kuwo wonke umzimba wakho.

Oku kunokubangela iimpendulo zomzimba ezichazwe kwinani leemeko ezinxulumene ne-gluten, ezinjengesifo se-celiac ().

I-Gluten ligama lesambrela elibhekisa kusapho lweeproteni ezaziwa ngokuba ziiprithamini. Ezi proteni ziyamelana nokwetyisa komntu.

Ukunganyamezelani kweGluten

Igama elithi gluten ukunganyamezelani libhekisa kwiintlobo ezintathu zeemeko ().

Nangona ezi meko zilandelayo zinokufana okuthile, zahluke kakhulu ngokwemvelaphi, ukukhula, kunye nobukhali.

Isifo seCeliac

Isifo seCeliac sisifo esivuthayo somzimba esibangelwa zizinto zofuzo kunye nokusingqongileyo. Ichaphazela malunga ne-1% yabemi behlabathi.

Nangona kunjalo, kumazwe afana neFinland, iMexico, kunye nabantu abathile eMantla e-Afrika, ukuxhaphaka kuqikelelwa ukuba kuphezulu kakhulu- malunga ne-2-5% (,).

Yimeko engapheliyo enxulunyaniswa nokusetyenziswa kweenkozo ezine-gluten kubantu abachaphazelekayo. Nangona isifo se-celiac sibandakanya iinkqubo ezininzi emzimbeni wakho, sithathwa njengesifo sokudumba kwamathumbu amancinci.

Ukungeniswa kwezi ngqolowa kwabo banezifo ezingapheliyo kubangela ukonakala kwii-enterocyte, ezizizisele ezigcobele amathumbu akho amancinci. Oku kukhokelela kumonakalo wamathumbu, ukondla malabsorption, kunye neempawu ezinje ngokulahleka kwesisindo kunye norhudo ().

Ezinye iimpawu okanye ukubonakaliswa kwesifo se-celiac kubandakanya i-anemia, i-osteoporosis, ukuphazamiseka kwemithambo-luvo, kunye nezifo zolusu, ezinje nge-dermatitis. Okwangoku, abantu abaninzi abanesifo se-celiac abanakuba nazimpawu kwaphela (,).

Imeko ifunyaniswa yi-biopsy yamathumbu- ithathwa njenge "mgangatho wegolide" wokufumanisa isifo se-celiac - okanye ukuvavanywa kwegazi kwii-genotypes ezithile okanye izilwa-buhlungu. Okwangoku, unyango ekukuphela kwalo kwesi sifo kukuthintela ngokupheleleyo i-gluten ().

Utywala lweeNgqolowa

Ingqolowa yokungezwani komzimba ixhaphakile ebantwaneni kodwa inokuchaphazela nabantu abadala. Abo bangadibaniyo nengqolowa banempendulo yomzimba engaqhelekanga kwiiproteni ezithile kwimveliso yengqolowa nengqolowa ().

Iimpawu zinokuvela kwisicaphucaphu esimnene ukuya kubunzima, i-anaphylaxis esongela ubomi - impendulo engadibaniyo enokubangela ubunzima bokuphefumla-emva kokutya ingqolowa okanye ukufunxa umgubo wengqolowa.

Ingqolowa yokwaliwa komzimba yahlukile kwisifo se-celiac, kwaye kunokwenzeka ukuba ubeneemeko zombini.

Ingqolowa i-allergies ihlala ifunyaniswa zii-allergists zisebenzisa uvavanyo lwegazi okanye ulusu.

Ubuntununtunu obungaCeliac Gluten

Inani elikhulu labantu libika iimpawu emva kokutya i-gluten, nangona bengenaso isifo se-celiac okanye i-allergies yengqolowa ().

Ubuntununtunu be-gluten (NCGS) bufunyaniswa xa umntu engenazo kwezi meko zingasentla kodwa esenazo iimpawu zamathumbu kunye nezinye iimpawu- ezinje ngentloko, ukudinwa, kunye nentlungu edibeneyo- xa besitya i-gluten ().

Isifo seCeliac kunye nokwaliwa yingqolowa kufuneka kugwetyelwe ngaphandle ukuba kufunyaniswe i-NCGS kuba iimpawu ziyagubungela kuzo zonke ezi meko.

Njengabo banesifo se-celiac okanye i-allergies yengqolowa, abantu abane-NCGS baxela ukuphuculwa kweempawu xa belandela ukutya okungenagluten.

Ukunyamezeleka kweGluten kubhekisa kwizifo ze-celiac, i-allergies yengqolowa, kunye ne-NCGS. Nangona ezinye iimpawu zihamba, ezi meko zinomahluko omkhulu.

Abanye abantu abanokuxhamla kwisidlo esingahambisiyo seGluten

Uphando lubonakalisile ukuba ukulandela ukutya okungenayo i-gluten kuyasebenza ekunciphiseni iimpawu ezinxulumene neemeko ezininzi. Ezinye iingcali ziye zadibanisa ukunqanda izifo ezithile ngokunjalo.

Izifo ezizimeleyo

Kukho iingcamango ezininzi malunga nokuba kutheni i-gluten ingabangela okanye iyenze ibe nzima imeko ye-autoimmune, njenge-Hashimoto's thyroiditis, uhlobo lwe-1 yeswekile, isifo se-Grave, kunye ne-rheumatoid arthritis.

Uphando lubonisa ukuba izifo ezizimele zodwa zabelana ngamajeni aqhelekileyo kunye neendlela zokuzikhusela kwizifo zesifo se-celiac.

Ukulinganisa kweemolekyuli yindlela ephakanyisiweyo njengendlela apho i-gluten iqala khona okanye isiba mandundu isifo se-autoimmune. Yilapho i-antigen yelinye ilizwe - into ekhuthaza ukuphendula komzimba - yabelana ngokufana neantigen zomzimba wakho ().

Ukutya ukutya okuqulethe ezi antijeni ezifanayo kungakhokelela kwimveliso yee-antibodies ezisabela kuzo zombini i-antigen engenisiweyo kunye nezicubu zomzimba wakho ().

Ngapha koko, isifo se-celiac sinxulunyaniswa nomngcipheko ophezulu wokuba nezifo ezongezelelweyo ezizimeleyo kwaye sixhaphake kubantu abanezinye iimeko ezizimele ().

Umzekelo, ukuxhaphaka kwesifo se-celiac kuqikelelwa ukuba kube ngaphezulu kwamaxesha amane aphezulu kwabo bane-Hashimoto's thyroiditis -imeko ye-autoimmune ye-thyroid - kunabantu ngokubanzi ().

Ke ngoko, izifundo ezininzi zifumanisa ukuba ukutya okungenagluten kuyanceda kubantu abaninzi abanezifo ezisebenza gwenxa ().

Ezinye iimeko

I-Gluten ibuye iboshwe kwizifo zesisu, ezifana nesifo se-bowel syndrome (IBS) kunye nesifo sesibindi sokuvuvukala (IBD), esibandakanya isifo sikaCrohn kunye nesifo sezilonda zesilonda ().

Kwaye kubonisiwe ukutshintsha amathumbu ebacteria kunye nokwandisa ukungena kwamathumbu kubantu abane-IBD kunye ne-IBS ().

Okokugqibela, uphando lubonisa ukuba ukutya okungenagluten kuyanceda abantu abanezinye iimeko, ezinje nge-fibromyalgia, i-endometriosis, kunye ne-schizophrenia ().

Izifundo ezininzi zidibanisa i-gluten ekuqaliseni nasekuqhubekeni kwezifo ezizimeleyo kwaye zibonisa ukuba ukuphepha oko kunokunceda ezinye iimeko, kubandakanya i-IBD kunye ne-IBS.

Ngaba wonke umntu kufuneka ayiphephe iGluten?

Kucacile ukuba abantu abaninzi, njengabo banesifo se-celiac, i-NCGS, kunye nezifo ezizimele, bayazuza ngokulandela ukutya okungenagluten.

Nangona kunjalo, akucaci nokuba wonke umntu - nokuba imeko yezempilo - kufuneka ayitshintshe indlela atya ngayo.

Ithiyori ezininzi ziye zaphuhliswa malunga nokuba kutheni imizimba yabantu isenokungakwazi ukuphatha i-gluten. Olunye uphando lubonisa ukuba iinkqubo zokwetyisa zomntu azivelanga ukuba zetyise uhlobo okanye ubungakanani beeproteni eziziinkozo eziqhelekileyo kwizidlo zangoku.

Kwaye ezinye izifundo zibonisa indima enokubakho kwezinye iiproteni zengqolowa, ezinje ngeeFODMAPs (iintlobo ezithile zeecarbs), i-amylase trypsin inhibitors, kunye ne-gerlutinins yentsholongwane yengqolowa, enegalelo kwiimpawu ezinxulumene ne-NCGS.

Oku kuphakamisa impendulo entsonkothileyo yebhayoloji kwingqolowa ().

Inani labantu abaphepha i-gluten likhuphuke ngokumangalisayo. Umzekelo, idatha yase-US kwi-National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (i-NHANES) ibonisa ukuba ukwanda kokuthintelwa ngaphezulu kokuphindwe kathathu ukusuka ngo-2009 ukuya ku-2014 ().

Kubantu abaneNCGS exeliweyo abavavanywayo abalawulwayo, ukuxilongwa kuqinisekiswa kuphela malunga ne-16-30% (,).

Okwangoku, kuba izizathu ezingaphaya kweempawu ze-NCGS azaziwa kwaye kuvavanyo lwe-NCGS alukafezekiswa, inani labantu abanokuthi basabele kakubi kwi-gluten lihlala lingaziwa ().

Nangona kukho ukunyanzeliswa okucacileyo kwimpilo kunye nokuphila kakuhle ukuphepha i-gluten kwimpilo yonke - echaphazela ukuthandwa kwezidlo ezingenasifo se-gluten - kukho ubungqina obuninzi bokuthi ukuxhaphaka kwe-NCGS kuyanda.

Okwangoku, ekuphela kwendlela yokwazi ukuba ngaba ungazuza buqu kukutya okungenagluten emva kokulawula isifo se-celiac kunye nokwaliwa yingqolowa kukuthintela i-gluten kunye nokujonga iimpawu zakho.

Okwangoku, uvavanyo oluthembekileyo lwe-NCGS alufumaneki. Ekuphela kwendlela yokubona ukuba ungazuza na kukutya okungahambisani ne-gluten kukuthintela i-gluten kunye nokujonga iimpawu zakho.

Isizathu Sokuba Abantu Abaninzi Baziva Bebhetele

Kukho izizathu ezininzi zokuba kutheni uninzi lwabantu luziva lungcono kukutya okungenagluten.

Okokuqala, ukuphepha i-gluten kuhlala kubandakanya ukunciphisa ukutya okucutshungulwayo, njengoko kufunyanwa kukutya okucutshungulweyo okuninzi, njengokutya okukhawulezayo, izinto ezibhakiweyo, kunye neesiriyeli zeswekile.

Oku kutya akunayo kuphela i-gluten kodwa kuhlala kukwiikhalori, iswekile, kunye namafutha angenampilo.

Abantu abaninzi bathi bayancipha, baziva bediniwe, kwaye baneentlungu ezingafaniyo ekudleni okungenagluten. Kungenzeka ukuba ezi zibonelelo zibangelwa kukungabikho kokutya okungenampilo.

Umzekelo, ukutya okuphezulu kwii-carbs ezicociweyo kunye neeswekile kunxulunyaniswe nokuzuza ubunzima, ukukhathala, iintlungu ezidibeneyo, ukungonwabi kunye nemicimbi yokwetyisa- zonke iimpawu ezinxulumene ne-NCGS (,,,).

Ngaphezu koko, abantu bahlala bethatha indawo yokutya okune-gluten ngeendlela ezinempilo, ezinje ngemifuno, iziqhamo, amafutha asempilweni, kunye neeproteni- ezinokukhuthaza impilo nokuba sempilweni.

Ukongeza, iimpawu zokugaya ukutya zinokuphucuka njengesiphumo sokunciphisa ukutya kwezinye izithako eziqhelekileyo, ezinje ngeeFODMAPs (iikhabhoyithi ezibangela iingxaki zokugaya ukutya njengokuqunjelwa kunye negesi) ().

Nangona iimpawu eziphuculweyo kukutya okungahambisani ne-gluten zinokuthi zihambelane ne-NCGS, olu phuculo lunokubakho ngenxa yezizathu ezidweliswe apha ngasentla okanye ukudityaniswa kwezi zimbini.

Ukusika ukutya okune-gluten kunokuphucula impilo ngezizathu ezininzi, ezinye zazo ezinokuthi zingadibani ne-gluten.

Ngaba oku kutya kukhuselekile?

Nangona uninzi lweengcali zempilo zicebisa ngenye indlela, kukhuselekile ukulandela ukutya okungenayo i-gluten-nokuba sele kungafuneki ukuba kwenziwe njalo.

Ukusika ingqolowa kunye nezinye iinkozo ezine-gluten okanye iimveliso azizukubangela iziphumo ezibi kwezempilo- ukuba ezi mveliso zithathelwa indawo kukutya okunesondlo.

Zonke izakha-mzimba ezikwi-grains eziqulathe igluten, ezinje ngevithamini ze-B, ifayibha, i-zinc, isinyithi, kunye ne-potassium, zinokutshintshwa ngokulula ngokulandela ukutya okujikeleziweyo, ukutya okutya okupheleleyo okubandakanya imifuno, iziqhamo, amafutha asempilweni, kunye nemithombo yeprotheni enesondlo.

Ngaba iimveliso eziSimahla zeGluten zisempilweni?

Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba ngenxa yokuba into i-gluten-free ayithethi ukuba iphilile.

Iinkampani ezininzi zithengisa ii-cookies ezingenasifo, iigwele, kunye nokunye ukutya okucutshungulwayo okunempilo kunabo baqulethe i-gluten.

Ngapha koko, olunye uphononongo lufumanise ukuba ama-65% amaMelika akholelwa ukuba ukutya okungenagluten kusempilweni, kwaye iipesenti ezingama-27 zikhetha ukuzitya ukukhuthaza ukwehla kobunzima ().

Nangona iimveliso ezingenalo igluten zingqinisiswa ukuba ziyingenelo kwabo bazifunayo, azikho sempilweni kunezo zine-gluten.

Kwaye ngelixa ukulandela ukutya okungenagluten kukhuselekile, hlala ukhumbula ukuba nakuphi na ukutya okuxhomekeke kakhulu kukutya okucutshungulwayo akunakulindeleka ukuba kubangele naziphi na izibonelelo zempilo.

Kwaye kuyaxoxwa nokuba ukwamkela oku kutya kuyanceda na kwabo banganyamezeliyo.

Njengoko uphando kule ndawo luguquka, kunokwenzeka ukuba ubudlelwane phakathi kwe-gluten kunye nefuthe layo kwimpilo yonke iya kuqondwa ngcono. Kude kube lelo xesha, nguwe kuphela onokuthatha isigqibo sokuba ukukuphepha kuyanceda na kwiimfuno zakho.

Ngelixa kukhuselekile ukulandela ukutya okungenayo i-gluten, kubalulekile ukuba wazi ukuba iimveliso ze-gluten ezingenanto azisempilweni kunezine-gluten.

Umgca osezantsi

Ukulandela ukutya okungenayo i-gluten kuyimfuneko kwabanye kunye nokukhetha kwabanye.

Ubudlelwane phakathi kwe-gluten kunye nempilo iyanzima, kwaye uphando luyaqhubeka.

I-Gluten idityaniswe ne-autoimmune, digestive, kunye nezinye iimeko zempilo. Ngelixa abantu abanezi ngxaki kufuneka okanye kufuneka baphephe i-gluten, akukacaci nokuba ukutya okungenasifo se-gluten kuyabanceda na abo banganyamezelaniyo.

Ukusukela ngoku akukho luvavanyo luchanekileyo lokunganyamezeli kunye nokuphepha ukungabikho kweengozi kwimpilo, unokuzama ukubona ukuba kukwenza uzive ungcono.