Ivermectin: yeyantoni kwaye uyisebenzisa njani

Umxholo

• Yenzelwe ntoni
• Kusetyenziswa kwanjani
• 1. IStrongyloidiasis, ifilariasis, iintwala kunye nekhwekhwe
• 2. I-Onchocerciasis
• Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezinokwenzeka
• Ngubani ongafanelekanga ukuthatha
• Ivermectin kunye ne-COVID-19
• Kunyango lwe-COVID-19
• Ekuthinteleni i-COVID-19

Ivermectin sisixhobo antiparasite, ekwaziyo ukukhubaza kunye nokukhuthaza ukupheliswa kwezidleleli ezininzi, ikakhulu kuboniswa ngugqirha kunyango lwe-onchocerciasis, elephantiasis, pediculosis, ascariasis kunye nekhwekhwe.

Esi sixhobo sibonisiwe kubantu abadala nakubantwana ngaphezulu kweminyaka emi-5 kwaye sinokufumaneka ezikhemesti, kubalulekile ukubonisana nogqirha malunga nokusetyenziswa kwaso, njengoko idosi inokwahluka ngokwendlela yesifo esosulelayo kunye nobunzima bomntu ochaphazelekayo. .

Yenzelwe ntoni

Ivermectin sisiyobisi antiparasite eboniswe kunyango lwezifo ezininzi, ezinje:

• Amatystyloidiasis emathunjini;
• IFilariasis, eyaziwa njengelephantiasis;
• Ukhwekhwe, ekwabizwa ngokuba ukhwekhwe;
• I-Ascariasis, esisifo esosulelayo sisifunxi-gazi Iascaris lumbricoides;
• Pediculosis, leyo sisifo seentwala;
• I-Onchocerciasis, eyaziwa ngokuba yi "blindness".

Kubalulekile ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwe-ivermectin kwenziwe ngokhokelo lukagqirha, njengoko kunokwenzeka ukuthintela ukuvela kweziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezinjengorhudo, ukudinwa, iintlungu zesisu, ukunciphisa umzimba, ukuqhina nokugabha. Ngamanye amaxesha, isiyezi, ukozela, isiyezi, ukungcangcazela kunye nemingxunya kungabonakala kulusu.

Kusetyenziswa kwanjani

Ivermectin idla ngokusetyenziswa kwithamo elinye ngokwe-arhente echaphazelayo ekufuneka isuswe. Iyeza kufuneka lithathwe ngaphandle kwesisu, iyure enye ngaphambi kwesidlo sokuqala sosuku. Ayifanelanga kungeniswa ngamachiza e-barbiturate, benzodiazepine okanye iklasi ye-valproic acid.

1. IStrongyloidiasis, ifilariasis, iintwala kunye nekhwekhwe

Ukunyanga i-strongyloidiasis, i-filariasis, uhlaselo lweentwala okanye ukhwekhwe, idosi ekhuthazwayo kufuneka ilungelelaniswe nobunzima bakho, ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

2. I-Onchocerciasis

Ukunyanga i-onchocerciasis, idosi ekhuthazwayo, kuxhomekeke kubunzima, imi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezinokwenzeka

Ezinye zeziphumo ebezingalindelekanga eziqhelekileyo ezinokuthi zenzeke ngexesha lonyango nge-ivermectin sisifo sorhudo, isicaphucaphu, ukugabha, ukuba buthathaka ngokubanzi kunye nokungabikho kwamandla, iintlungu esiswini, ukuphelelwa ngumdla wokutya okanye ukuqhina. Ezi mpendulo zihlala ziphakathi kwaye zidlulile.

Ukongeza, uxabana lunokwenzeka, ngakumbi xa uthatha ivermectin ye-onchocerciasis, enokubonakalisa iintlungu zesisu, umkhuhlane, ukurhawuzelela umzimba, amabala abomvu eluswini, ukudumba emehlweni okanye iinkophe. Ukuba ezi mpawu ziyavela, kuyacetyiswa ukuba uyeke ukusebenzisa amayeza kwaye ufune uncedo lwezonyango kwangoko okanye kwigumbi likaxakeka elikufutshane.

Ngubani ongafanelekanga ukuthatha

Eli yeza contraindicated kwabasetyhini abakhulelweyo, abasancancisayo, abantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka emi-5 okanye 15 kg kunye nezigulane meningitis okanye sombefu. Ukongeza, ayifanele isetyenziswe kubantu abane-hypersensitivity to ivermectin okanye naliphi na elinye lezinto ezikhoyo kwifomula.

Ivermectin kunye ne-COVID-19

Ukusetyenziswa kwe-ivermectin ngokuchasene ne-COVID-19 kuxoxwe ngokubanzi kuluntu lwenzululwazi, oku kungenxa yokuba le antiparasitic inentshukumo ye-antiviral ngokuchasene nentsholongwane ejongene ne-yellow fever, i-ZIKA kunye nedengue kwaye, ke ngoko, bekucingelwa ukuba iyakuba nefuthe ngokuchasene I-SARS-CoV-2.

Kunyango lwe-COVID-19

Ivermectin yavavanywa ngabaphandi base-Australia kwinkcubeko yeseli i-In vitro, ebonakalise ukuba le nto iyasebenza ekupheliseni intsholongwane ye-SARS-CoV-2 kwiiyure nje ezingama-48 ^[1] . Nangona kunjalo, ezi ziphumo bezingonelanga ukungqina ukusebenza kwayo ebantwini, kwaye iimvavanyo zeklinikhi ziyafuneka ukuqinisekisa ubungqina bayo. kwi vivo, kunye nokuqhubeka nokuchonga ukuba ngaba idosi yonyango ikhuselekile ebantwini.

Uphononongo lwezigulana ezibhedlele e-Bangladesh^[2] Injongo yokuqinisekisa ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwe-ivermectin kungakhuseleka kwezi zigulana kwaye kuya kubakho nasiphi na isiphumo ngokuchasene ne-SARS-CoV-2. Ke, ezi zigulana zangeniswa kwiprothokholi yonyango lweentsuku ezi-5 nge-ivermectin (12 mg) kuphela okanye idosi enye ye-ivermectin (12 mg) ngokudibanisa namanye amachiza kangangeentsuku ezi-4, kwaye isiphumo safaniswa neqela le-placebo Izigulana ezingama-72. Ngenxa yoko, abaphandi bafumanisa ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwe-ivermectin kuphela kukhuselekile kwaye kuyasebenza ekunyangeni i-COVID-19 ethambileyo kwizigulana zabantu abadala, nangona kunjalo izifundo ezizezinye ziya kufuneka ukuqinisekisa ezi ziphumo.

Olunye uphononongo olwenziwe e-India lujolise ekuqinisekiseni ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwe-ivermectin ngokuphefumla kuya kuba nefuthe lokuchasana ne-COVID-19 ^[3], njengoko eli chiza linako ukuphazamisa ukuthuthwa kwesakhiwo se-SARS-CoV-2 ukuya kwi-nucleus yeeseli zomntu, kukhokelela kwisiphumo se-antiviral. Nangona kunjalo, esi siphumo sinokwenzeka kuphela ngeedosi eziphezulu ze-ivermectin (ngaphezulu kwethamo elicetyiswayo kunyango lwee-parasites), ezinokuthi zikhokelele kwiziphumo zetyhefu yesibindi. Ke, njengenye indlela yethamo eliphezulu le-ivermectin, abaphandi bacebisa ukusetyenziswa kwesi siyobisi ngokuphefumla, esinokuba nentshukumo engcono ngokuchasene ne-SARS-CoV-2, nangona kunjalo le ndlela yolawulo kusafuneka ifundwe ngcono.

Funda ngakumbi ngamayeza anyango losulelo kunye ne-coronavirus entsha.

Ekuthinteleni i-COVID-19

Ukongeza kwi-ivermectin ifundwa njengohlobo lonyango lwe-COVID-19, ezinye izifundo zenziwe ngenjongo yokuqinisekisa ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwesi siyobisi kunganceda ukuthintela usulelo.

Isifundo esenziwe ngabaphandi e-United States sijolise ekuphandeni ukuba kutheni i-COVID-19 ineziganeko ezahlukeneyo kumazwe aliqela ^[5]. Ngenxa yolu phando, bafumanisa ukuba amazwe ase-Afrika aneziganeko ezisezantsi ngenxa yokusebenzisa iziyobisi, ikakhulu iziyobisi, kubandakanya ivermectin, ngenxa yomngcipheko owandileyo wezidleleli kula mazwe.

Ke, abaphandi bakholelwa ekubeni ukusetyenziswa kwe-ivermectin kunokunciphisa izinga lokuphindaphindeka kwentsholongwane kunye nokuthintela ukukhula kwesifo, nangona kunjalo esi siphumo sisekwe kulungelelwaniso kuphela, kwaye akukho zilingo zeklinikhi zenziweyo.

Olunye uphononongo luxele ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwee-nanoparticles ezinxulunyaniswa ne-ivermectin kunokunciphisa ukubonakaliswa kwee-receptors ezikhoyo kwiiseli zomntu, i-ACE2, ebopha intsholongwane, kunye neprotein ekhoyo kumphezulu wentsholongwane, ukunciphisa umngcipheko wosulelo ^[6]. Nangona kunjalo, ngaphezulu kwizifundo ze-vivo ziyafuneka ukubonisa ubungqina besiphumo, kunye nezifundo zetyhefu ukuqinisekisa ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwe-ivermectin nanoparticles kukhuselekile.

Ngokumalunga nokusetyenziswa kwe-ivermectin kuthintelo, akukho zifundo ziqinisekileyo okwangoku. Nangona kunjalo, ukuze ivermectin isebenze ngokuthintela okanye ukunciphisa ukungena kweentsholongwane kwiiseli, kufuneka ukuba kukho umthwalo wentsholongwane, kuba ngenxa yoko kunokwenzeka ukuba ube nesenzo se-antiviral seziyobisi.