Ketoacidosis enxilisayo

Umxholo

• Yintoni ebangela iketoacidosis enxilisayo?
• Ziintoni iimpawu zeketoacidosis enxilisayo?
• Uxilongwa njani utywala ketoacidosis?
• Njani unyango ketoacidosis ezinxilisayo?
• Zithini iingxaki zeketoacidosis enxilisayo?
• Ithini imbonakalo yexesha elide yotywala ketoacidosis?
• Ndingabuthintela njani i-ketoacidosis enxilisayo?

Yintoni i-ketoacidosis enxilisayo?

Iiseli zifuna iswekile (iswekile) kunye ne-insulin ukuze isebenze kakuhle. Iswekile ivela kukutya okutyayo, kwaye i-insulin iveliswa yipancreas. Xa usela utywala, i-pancreas yakho inokuyeka ukuvelisa i-insulin ixesha elifutshane. Ngaphandle kwe-insulin, iiseli zakho ngekhe zikwazi ukusebenzisa iswekile oyisebenzisela amandla. Ukufumana amandla owafunayo, umzimba wakho uya kuqala ukutshisa amanqatha.

Xa umzimba wakho utshisa amanqatha amandla, iimveliso ezaziwa njengemizimba ye-ketone ziveliswa. Ukuba umzimba wakho awuvelisi i-insulin, imizimba ye-ketone iya kuqala ukwakha kwigazi lakho. Olu lwakhiwo lweetoni lunokuvelisa imeko esongela ubomi eyaziwa ngokuba yi ketoacidosis.

I-Ketoacidosis, okanye i-metabolic acidosis, yenzeka xa uginya into eguqulweyo okanye eguqulwe yaba yiasidi. Le meko inezizathu ezininzi, kubandakanya:

• iidosi ezinkulu zeasprini
• ukothuka
• isifo sezintso
• imetabolism engaqhelekanga

Ukongeza kwi-ketoacidosis ngokubanzi, kukho iintlobo ezithile ezithile. Ezi ntlobo zibandakanya:

• ketoacidosis enxilisayo, ebangelwa kukusela kakhulu
• I-ketoacidosis yeswekile (i-DKA), ethi ikhule ikakhulu kubantu abane-1 yeswekile
• indlala ketoacidosis, eyenzeka ngokufuthi kwabasetyhini abakhulelweyo, kwikota yabo yesithathu, kwaye bafumana ukugabha okungaphaya

Nganye kwezi meko inyusa inani leasidi kwinkqubo. Banokunciphisa inani le-insulin eveliswa ngumzimba wakho, ekhokelela ekonakaleni kweeseli ezinamafutha kunye nokuveliswa kweeetoni.

Yintoni ebangela iketoacidosis enxilisayo?

I-ketoacidosis enotywala inokukhula xa usela utywala kakhulu ixesha elide. Ukusela kakhulu utywala kuhlala kubangela ukungondleki (azonelanga izondlo ukuze umzimba usebenze kakuhle).

Abantu abasela izixa ezikhulu zotywala abanakutya rhoqo. Banokugabha ngenxa yokusela kakhulu. Ukungatyi ngokwaneleyo okanye ukugabha kunokukhokelela kwindlala. Oku ngakumbi kunciphisa ukuveliswa kwe-insulin yomzimba.

Ukuba umntu sele engondlekanga ngenxa yotywala, banokuphuhlisa i-ketoacidosis enotywala. Oku kunokwenzeka kwangoko emva kosuku olunye emva kokusela kakhulu, kuxhomekeke kwisimo sesondlo, imeko yezempilo iyonke, kunye nenani lotywala obuselweyo.

Ziintoni iimpawu zeketoacidosis enxilisayo?

Iimpawu ze-ketoacidosis ezinxilisayo ziya kwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kubungakanani botywala obudlileyo. Iimpawu ziya kuxhomekeka kubungakanani beetoni kwigazi lakho. Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo zeketoacidosis enxilisayo zibandakanya:

• intlungu zesisu
• ukuphazamiseka nokudideka
• ukunciphisa ukuqaphela okanye isiqaqa
• ukudinwa
• ukuhamba kancinci
• Ukuphefumla ngokungaqhelekanga, okunzulu kunye nokukhawuleza (uphawu lukaKussmaul)
• Ukuphelelwa ngumdla wokutya
• isicaphucaphu nokugabha
• iimpawu zokuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni, njengesiyezi (i-vertigo), intloko ebushushwini kunye nokunxanwa

Ukuba uphuhlisa nayiphi na kwezi mpawu, khangela uncedo lonyango olungxamisekileyo. I-ketoacidosis enxilisayo sisifo esisongela ubomi.

Umntu one-ketoacidosis enxilisayo unokuba nezinye iimeko ezinxulunyaniswa nokusetyenziswa gwenxa kotywala. Oku kunokubandakanya:

• ukudumba komzimba
• isifo sesibindi
• isifo sezintso
• izilonda
• ityhefu ye-ethylene glycol

Le miqathango kufuneka ikhutshwe ngaphandle kokuba uchwepheshe wezonyango angakuxilonga nge-ketoacidosis enxilisayo.

Uxilongwa njani utywala ketoacidosis?

Ukuba unempawu zeketoacidosis enxilisayo, ugqirha wakho uya kwenza uvavanyo lomzimba. Bayakukubuza malunga nembali yakho yezempilo kunye nokusela utywala. Ukuba ugqirha wakho ukrokrela ukuba uyenzile le meko, banokuyalela iimvavanyo ezongezelelweyo ukulawula ezinye iimeko ezinokwenzeka. Emva kokuba iziphumo zovavanyo zingenile, banokuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa.

Uvavanyo lunokubandakanya oku kulandelayo:

• Uvavanyo lwe-amylase kunye ne-lipase, ukujonga ukusebenza kwepancreas kunye nokujonga isifo sepancreatitis
• uvavanyo lwegesi yegazi, ukulinganisa amanqanaba eoksijini egazini lakho kunye neasidi / ibhalansi esezantsi
• ukubalwa kwe-anion gap, elinganisa amanqanaba e-sodium kunye ne-potassium
• uvavanyo lwegazi
• ipaneli ye-chemistry yegazi (i-CHEM-20), ukufumana ukujonga okupheleleyo kwimetabolism yakho kunye nendlela esebenza kakuhle ngayo
• uvavanyo lweglucose yegazi
• igazi urea nitrogen (BUN) kunye neemvavanyo ze-creatinine, ukumisela ukuba zisebenza njani izintso zakho
• uvavanyo lwe-serum lactate, ukumisela amanqanaba e-lactate egazini (amanqanaba aphezulu e-lactate angangumqondiso we-lactic acidosis, imeko edla ngokubonisa ukuba iiseli zomzimba kunye nezicubu azifumani oksijini yaneleyo)
• Uvavanyo lomchamo kwiietoni

Ukuba inqanaba lakho leswekile yegazi liphakanyisiwe, ugqirha wakho unokwenza uvavanyo lwe-hemoglobin A1C (HgA1C). Olu vavanyo luya kubonelela ngolwazi malunga namanqanaba eswekile ukunceda ukufumanisa ukuba unesifo seswekile. Ukuba unesifo seswekile, unokufuna unyango olongezelelweyo.

Njani unyango ketoacidosis ezinxilisayo?

Unyango lwe-ketoacidosis enxilisayo ilawulwa kwigumbi likaxakeka. Ugqirha wakho uya kujonga iimpawu zakho ezibalulekileyo, kubandakanya ukubetha kwentliziyo yakho, uxinzelelo lwegazi kunye nokuphefumla. Baya kunika ulwelo ngaphakathi ngaphakathi. Unokufumana iivithamini kunye nezondlo ukunceda ukuphatha ukungondleki, kubandakanya:

• thiamine
• potassium
• ifosforasi
• nemagniziyam

Ugqirha wakho unokukungenisa kwicandelo lokhathalelo olunzulu (ICU) ukuba ufuna ukhathalelo oluqhubekayo. Ubude bokuhlala kwakho esibhedlele buxhomekeke kubukrakra be-ketoacidosis enxilisayo. Kuyaxhomekeka ekubeni kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukuze umzimba wakho ulawulwe kwaye uphume engozini. Ukuba unayo nayiphi na ingxaki eyongezelelweyo ngexesha lonyango, oku kuya kuchaphazela ubude bokuhlala kwakho esibhedlele.

Zithini iingxaki zeketoacidosis enxilisayo?

Enye ingxaki ye-ketoacidosis enxilisayo kukurhoxisa utywala. Ugqirha wakho kunye nabanye oochwephesha bezonyango baya kukujonga ngeempawu zokurhoxa. Ukuba uneempawu ezibi, banokukunika amayeza. I-ketoacidosis enxilisayo inokubangela ukopha emathunjini.

Ezinye iingxaki zinokubandakanya:

• ngengqondo
• ikhoma
• ukudumba komzimba
• ukukrala kwemiphunga
• i-encephalopathy (isifo sobuchopho esinokubangela ukulahleka kwememori, utshintsho kubuntu, kunye nokuxhuzula kwemisipha, nangona oku kungaqhelekanga)

Ithini imbonakalo yexesha elide yotywala ketoacidosis?

Ukuba ufunyaniswe une-ketoacidosis enotywala, ukubuyiswa kwakho kuya kuxhomekeka kwizinto ezininzi. Ukufuna uncedo ngokukhawuleza xa kuvela iimpawu kunciphisa amathuba okuba neengxaki ezinzulu. Unyango lweziyobisi ezinxilisayo luyimfuneko ukukhusela ukubuyela kwi-ketoacidosis enxilisayo.

Ukuxelwa kwangaphambili kuya kuchaphazeleka ngenxa yokusetyenziswa gwenxa kotywala nokuba unesifo sesibindi okanye akunjalo. Ukuselwa kotywala ixesha elide kunokubangela isifo sokuqina kwesibindi, okanye ukonakala okusisigxina kwesibindi. I-Cirrhosis yesibindi inokubangela ukudinwa, ukudumba kwemilenze, kunye nesicaphucaphu. Iya kuba nefuthe elibi kwisifo sakho sonke.

Ndingabuthintela njani i-ketoacidosis enxilisayo?

Unokuthintela i-ketoacidosis enxilisayo ngokunciphisa umda wakho otywala. Ukuba ulikhoboka lotywala, funa uncedo kwiingcali. Unokufunda indlela yokunciphisa ukusela kwakho utywala okanye ukubuphelisa ngokupheleleyo. Ukujoyina isahluko sendawo se-Alcoholics Anonymous kunokubonelela ngenkxaso oyifunayo ukuze umelane nayo. Kuya kufuneka uphinde ulandele zonke iingcebiso zikagqirha wakho ukuqinisekisa isondlo esifanelekileyo kunye nokuchacha.