Yintoni leukemia etsolo, iimpawu kunye nonyango

Umxholo

• Iimpawu leukemia etsolo
• I-leukemia ebuntwaneni
• Unyango lwe-leukemia ebukhali
• Ngaba i-leukemia ebukhali inokunyanga?

I-leukemia ebukhali luhlobo lomhlaza onxulumene nokungaqhelekanga komongo wethambo, okhokelela kwimveliso engaqhelekanga yeseli yegazi. I-leukemia ebukhali inokuhlelwa kwi-myeloid okanye i-lymphoid ngokweempawu zeselfowuni ezichongwe kusetyenziswa i-immunophenotyping, eyindlela yaselebhu esetyenziselwa ukwahlula iiseli ezifanayo kakhulu ekubonakalisweni kwemikroskopu.

Olu hlobo lwe-leukemia luxhaphake ebantwaneni nakubantu abadala abancinci kwaye lubonakaliswa bubukho be-20% yokuqhushumba egazini, iiseli zegazi ezisencinci, kunye nomsantsa we-leukemic, ohambelana nokungabikho kweeseli eziphakathi phakathi Ukuqhuma kunye nee-neutrophils ezivuthiweyo.

Unyango lwe-leukemia ebukhali lwenziwa ngokutofelwa igazi kunye nokunyanga ngamayeza e-chemotherapy kwindawo yesibhedlele de iimpawu zeklinikhi kunye nelebhu ezinxulumene ne-leukemia zingafunyanwa.

Iimpawu leukemia etsolo

Iimpawu ze-acute myeloid okanye i-lymphoid leukemia zihambelana notshintsho kwiiseli zegazi kunye nokusilela komongo wethambo, ezona ziphambili zezi:

• Ubuthathaka, ukudinwa kunye nokugula;
• Ukopha kumpumlo kunye / okanye amabala amfusa eluswini;
• Ukwanda kokuhamba sexesheni kunye notyekelo lwempumlo;
• Umkhuhlane, ukubila ebusuku kunye nokwehla kwesisindo ngaphandle kwesizathu;
• Intlungu yethambo, ukukhohlela kunye nentloko.

Phantse isiqingatha sezigulana zinezi mpawu ukuya kwiinyanga ezi-3 de i-leukemia ifunyanwe kuvavanyo olunje:

• Gcwalisa ubalo lwegazi, ebonisa i-leukocytosis, i-thrombocytopenia kunye nobukho beeseli ezincinci (kuqhuma), nokuba zivela kwilayini ye-myeloid okanye ye-lymphoid;
• Uvavanyo lwebhayoloji, ezinje ngomthamo we-uric acid kunye ne-LDH, ezihlala zonyuswa ngenxa yokwanda kokuqhuma egazini;
• Coagulogram, apho kuveliswa khona imveliso ye-fibrinogen, D-dimer kunye nexesha leprothrombin;
• Myelogram, apho kujongwa khona iimpawu zomongo wethambo.

Ukongeza kwezi mvavanyo, i-hematologist inokucela utshintsho kwiindlela zeemolekyuli, ezinje nge-NPM1, i-CEBPA okanye i-FLT3-ITD, ukuze ibonise olona nyango lulungileyo.

I-leukemia ebuntwaneni

Ileukemia ebukhali ebuntwaneni ngokubanzi ine-prognosis ebhetele kunabantu abadala, kodwa unyango lwesi sifo kufuneka lwenziwe esibhedlele ngonyango lwe-chemotherapy, oluneziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezifana nesicaphucaphu, ukugabha kunye nokulahleka kweenwele, kungoko eli xesha lingaba kuyadinisa umntwana kunye nosapho. Ngaphandle koku, kukho ithuba elikhulu lokunyanga esi sifo ebantwaneni kunakubantu abadala. Jonga ukuba zeziphi iziphumo zekhemotherapy kunye nendlela eyenziwa ngayo.

Unyango lwe-leukemia ebukhali

Unyango lwe-acute leukemia luchazwa yi-hematologist ngokweempawu, iziphumo zovavanyo, ubudala bomntu, ubukho bosulelo, umngcipheko we-metastasis kunye nokuphindeka. Ixesha lonyango lingahluka, kwaye iimpawu ziqala ukwehla kwiinyanga ezi-1 ukuya kwezi-2 emva kokuqala kwepolychemotherapy, umzekelo, kwaye unyango lunokuhlala kangangeminyaka emi-3.

Unyango lwe-acute myeloid leukemia lunokwenziwa ngokusebenzisa ichemotherapy, eyindibaniselwano yamachiza, ukumpontshelwa kweplatelet kunye nokusetyenziswa kwee-antibiotics ukunciphisa umngcipheko wosulelo, kuba amajoni omzimba abuthathaka. Funda ngakumbi malunga nonyango lwe-acute myeloid leukemia.

Ngokubhekisele kunyango lwe-acute lymphoid leukemia, inokwenziwa ngonyango olunamachiza amaninzi, olwenziwa ngeedosi eziphezulu zamayeza ukuphelisa umngcipheko wesifo ofikelela kwinkqubo ye-nervous system. Funda ngendlela yokunyanga i-lymphoid leukemia.

Ukuba kukho ukuphindaphinda kwesi sifo, ukufakelwa komongo wethambo kunokukhethwa kuba, kulo mzekelo, ayinguye wonke umntu oxhamla kwikhemotherapy.

Ngaba i-leukemia ebukhali inokunyanga?

Unyango lwe-leukemia lubhekisa kukungabikho kweempawu kunye neempawu ezibonakalayo ze-leukemia kwisithuba seminyaka eli-10 emva kokuphela konyango, ngaphandle kokuphinda ubuye.

Ngokunxulumene ne-leukemia ebukhali ye-myeloid, unyango lunokwenzeka, ngenxa yokhetho oluninzi, nangona kunjalo, njengoko inkqubela phambili yobudala, unyango okanye ukulawula isifo kunokuba nzima kakhulu; omncinci umntu, kokukhona amathuba okuba anyangwe.

Kwimeko ye-lymphoid leukemia ebukhali, ithuba lokunyanga likhulu ebantwaneni, malunga ne-90%, kunye ne-50% yokunyanga kubantu abadala ukuya kuthi ga kwi-60 yeminyaka ubudala, nangona kunjalo, ukwandisa amathuba okunyanga kunye nokuthintela ukuphindaphinda kwesi sifo, Kubalulekile ukuba ifumaneke ngokukhawuleza kwaye unyango luqale kwakamsinyane emva koko.

Kwanasemva kokuba eqale unyango, umntu lowo kufuneka enze iimviwo ngamaxesha athile ukujonga ukuba ngaba akukho nto iphindaphindiweyo kwaye, ukuba kukho, kufuneka aqhubeke nonyango kwangoko ukuze amathuba okuxolelwa ngokupheleleyo kwesi sifo abe makhulu.