Myasthenia gravis: yintoni, iimpawu, isifo kunye nonyango

Umxholo

• Iimpawu ezinokwenzeka
• Uxilongo lwenziwa njani
• Yintoni ebangela i-myasthenia gravis
• Unyango lwenziwa njani
• 1. Uncedo
• 2. IPlasmapheresis
• 3. Utyando
• 4. Umzimba wonyango

Myasthenia gravis, okanye imysthenia gravis, sisifo esizenzekelayo esibangela ukuba buthathaka kwezihlunu eziqhubela phambili, esixhaphake kakhulu kwabasetyhini kwaye sihlala siqala phakathi kweminyaka engama-20 ukuya kwengama-40 ubudala. Iimpawu ze-myasthenia gravis zingaqala ngequbuliso, kodwa zihlala ziqala ukubonakala kwaye ngokuthe ngcembe ziya zisiba mbi.

Oonobangela be-myasthenia gravis banxulumene notshintsho kumajoni omzimba abangela ukuba ii-antibodies zihlasele izakhiwo ezithile ezibalulekileyo kulawulo lwemisipha.

THE imysthenia gravis ayinalo unyango oluchanekileyo, kodwa unyango olulungiselelwe imeko nganye, ngamayeza athile kunye nokuzivocavoca umzimba, lunokuphucula umgangatho wobomi.

Iimpawu ezinokwenzeka

Iimpawu zokuqala ze-myasthenia gravis zezi:

• Ubuthakathaka benkophe kunye nobunzima bokuvula amehlo okanye ukukhanya;
• Ubuthathaka bemisipha yamehlo, ekhokelela kwi-strabismus kunye nombono ophindwe kabini;
• Ukudinwa kakhulu kwezihlunu emva kokuzilolonga okanye ukwenza umgudu womzimba.

Njengoko isifo siqhubeka, iimpawu ziba zimbi kwaye zibandakanya:

• Ubuthathaka bemisipha yentamo eshiya intloko ijinga phambili okanye ecaleni;
• Kunzima ukunyuka izinyuko, ukuphakamisa iingalo, ukubhala;
• Kunzima ukuthetha nokuginya ukutya;
• Ubuthathaka beengalo kunye nemilenze, eyahluka ngamandla kwiiyure okanye kwiintsuku.

Kwiziqendu ezibaluleke kakhulu, kunokubakho nokonakala kwemisipha yokuphefumla, imeko ebizwa ngokuba yingxaki ye-myasthenic, enzima kwaye inokukhokelela ekufeni ukuba ayinyangwa ngokukhawuleza esibhedlele.

Iimpawu zihlala zisiba mbi ngokusetyenziswa okuphindaphindayo kwemisipha echaphazelekayo, kodwa inokwenzeka kwakhona xa usiva ubushushu, xa uphantsi koxinzelelo okanye unxunguphalo, okanye xa usebenzisa iziyobisi ze-anxiolytic okanye i-antibiotics.

Uxilongo lwenziwa njani

Uninzi lwamaxesha ugqirha ekrokrela ukuxilongwa kwe imysthenia graviskuvavanyo lweempawu, uvavanyo lomzimba kunye nokufunda ngembali yezempilo yomntu.

Nangona kunjalo, iimvavanyo ezininzi zinokusetyenziselwa ukukhusela ezinye iingxaki kunye nokuqinisekisa i-myasthenia gravis. Olunye lolu vavanyo lubandakanya i-electroneuromyography, imaging resonance imaging, ikhompyuter ye-tomography kunye novavanyo lwegazi.

Yintoni ebangela i-myasthenia gravis

THE imysthenia gravis kubangelwa lutshintsho kumajoni omzimba abangela ukuba ezinye ii-antibodies zihlasele ii-receptors ezikhoyo kwimisipha. Xa oku kusenzeka, umyalezo wombane awunakudlula ngokuchanekileyo ukusuka kwii-neurons ukuya kwimisonto yemisipha kwaye, ke, izihlunu azivumelani, zibonisa ubuthathaka beempawu ze-myasthenia.

Unyango lwenziwa njani

Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zonyango ezinokuphucula umgangatho wobomi bomntu, ngokuxhomekeke kwiimpawu ezizisiweyo. Ezinye zeefom ezisetyenziswa kakhulu zibandakanya:

1. Uncedo

Amayeza lolona hlobo lusetyenziswayo kunyango, kuba, ukongeza ekusebenzeni, aneziphumo ezigqwesileyo. Ezona ndidi zonyango zisetyenziswayo zezi:

• I-Cholinesterase inhibitors, ezinje ngePyridostigmine: ukuphucula ukuhamba kwesikhuthazi sombane phakathi kwe-neuron kunye nesihlunu, ukuphucula ukuncipha kwemisipha kunye namandla;
• ICorticosteroids, ezinje ngePrednisone: yehlisa ukusebenza kwamajoni omzimba kwaye, ke, inokunciphisa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeempawu. Nangona kunjalo, azinakusetyenziswa ixesha elide, njengoko zinokuba neziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezininzi;
• Amajoni omzimba, ezinje ngeAzathioprine okanye iCiclosporin: la machiza anciphisa nokusebenza kwamajoni omzimba, kodwa asetyenziswa kwiimeko ezinzima kakhulu, xa iimpawu zingaphucuki namanye amayeza.

Ukongeza kunyango lomlomo, ugqirha unokucebisa ukuba kusetyenziswe amayeza afakwa emithanjeni, anje ngee-antibodies ze-monoclonal, ezinciphisa inani leeseli ezithile zokuzikhusela emzimbeni, ukuphucula iimpawu imysthenia gravis.

2. IPlasmapheresis

I-Plasmapheresis lunyango, olufana ne-dialysis, apho igazi lisuswa emzimbeni lize lidlule kumatshini osusa ii-antibodies ezigqithisileyo ezihlasela ii-receptors zemisipha, eziququzelela ukudlula kwesiginali sombane phakathi kwe-neurons kunye nemicu yemisipha.

Nangona lunyango oluneziphumo ezilungileyo, ikwanemingcipheko ethile yezempilo njengokuphuma kwegazi, ukuphazamiseka kwemisipha kunye nokuziva ungalunganga.

3. Utyando

Utyando lunyango olunqabileyo, kodwa kunokuba yimfuneko xa kubonakaliswa ithumba kwilungu lomzimba elibangela ukuveliswa kwee-antibodies ezenza i-myasthenia gravis.

4. Umzimba wonyango

Imoto kunye ne-physiotherapy yokuphefumla ikwabonakalisiwe kunyango lwe-myasthenia gravis ukomeleza izihlunu, ukuphucula ukuhamba, ukuphefumla kunye nokuthintela usulelo lokuphefumla.