Yintoni ekufuneka uyazi ngeMicrocephaly

Umxholo

• Ushwankathelo
• Yintoni ebangela i-microcephaly?
• Iimeko zofuzo
• Isifo seCornelia de Lange
• Isifo esiphantsi
• Isifo seCri-du-chat
• Isifo seRubinstein-Taybi
• Iseckel syndrome
• Isifo sikaSmith-Lemli-Opitz
• I-Trisomy 18
• Ukubonakaliswa kwintsholongwane, iziyobisi, okanye i-toxins
• Intsholongwane kaZika
• Methylmercury ityhefu
• I-rubella yokuzalwa
• I-toxoplasmosis yokuzalwa
• I-cytomegalovirus ekhulelwe
• I-phenylketonuria engalawulwayo (PKU) kunina
• Ukuhanjiswa kweengxaki
• Zeziphi iingxaki ezinxulunyaniswa ne-microcephaly?
• Ifunyaniswa njani i-microcephaly?
• Iphathwa njani i-microcephaly?
• Ngaba i-microcephaly inokuthintelwa?

Ushwankathelo

Ugqirha wakho unokulinganisa ukukhula komntwana wakho ngeendlela ezininzi. Umzekelo, ugqirha wakho uya kujonga ukuphakama komntwana wakho okanye ubude kunye nobunzima bawo ukuze afunde ukuba zikhula ngesiqhelo na.

Omnye umlinganiselo wokukhula kosana ujikeleze intloko, okanye ubungakanani bentloko yosana lwakho. Kubalulekile kuba inokubonisa ukuba ingqondo yabo ikhula kakuhle kangakanani.

Ukuba ingqondo yomntwana wakho ayikhuli kakuhle, banokuba nemeko eyaziwa ngokuba yi-microcephaly.

I-Microcephaly yimeko apho intloko yosana lwakho incinci kunaleyo yabanye abantwana abakwiminyaka efanayo nesini. Le meko inokubakho xa kuzalwa usana lwakho.

Isenokukhula kwiminyaka emi-2 yokuqala yobomi babo. Ayinanyango. Nangona kunjalo, ukuxilongwa kwangoko kunye nonyango kunokuyiphucula imbonakalo yomntwana wakho.

Yintoni ebangela i-microcephaly?

Uninzi lwexesha, ukukhula kwengqondo okungaqhelekanga kubangela le meko.

Ukukhula kwengqondo okungaqhelekanga kunokwenzeka ngelixa umntwana wakho esesibelekweni okanye ebusaneni. Rhoqo, unobangela wokukhula kwengqondo okungaqhelekanga awaziwa. Ezinye iimeko zemfuza zinokubangela i-microcephaly.

Iimeko zofuzo

Iimeko zemfuza ezinokubangela i-microcephaly zibandakanya:

Isifo seCornelia de Lange

ICornelia de Lange syndrome icothisa ukukhula komntwana wakho ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwesibeleko. Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo zesi sifo zibandakanya:

• iingxaki zobukrelekrele
• ingalo nesandla esingaqhelekanga
• Iimpawu zobuso ezahlukileyo

Umzekelo, abantwana abanale meko bahlala be:

• amashiya akhula ndawonye embindini
• iindlebe ezisezantsi
• impumlo encinci namazinyo

Isifo esiphantsi

I-Down syndrome yaziwa nangokuthi yi-trisomy 21. Abantwana abane-trisomy 21 bahlala:

• ukulibaziseka kwengqondo
• ukukhubazeka kwengqondo okuphakathi ukuya kumodareyitha
• izihlunu ezibuthathaka
• iimpawu zobuso ezahlukileyo, ezinje ngamehlo emile okweamangile, ubuso obujikelezileyo, kunye neempawu ezincinci

Isifo seCri-du-chat

Iintsana ezine-cri-du-chat syndrome, okanye i-cry's cry syndrome, zinesikhalo esahlukileyo, esiphakamileyo, esifana nekati. Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo zesi sifo sinqabile zibandakanya:

• ukukhubazeka kwengqondo
• ubunzima bokuzalwa obuphantsi
• izihlunu ezibuthathaka
• iinkangeleko zobuso ezithile, ezinje ngamehlo abanzi, umhlathi omncinci, kunye neendlebe ezibekwe kancinci

Isifo seRubinstein-Taybi

Iintsana ezinesifo sikaRubenstein-Taybi syndrome zimfutshane kunesiqhelo. Banoku:

• izithupha ezinkulu neenzwane
• iimpawu zobuso ezahlukileyo
• ukukhubazeka kwengqondo

Abantu abanesimo esibi sale meko bahlala bengaphili ebuntwaneni obudlulileyo.

Iseckel syndrome

I-Seckel syndrome yimeko enqabileyo ebangela ukulibaziseka kokukhula ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwesibeleko. Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo zibandakanya:

• ukukhubazeka kwengqondo
• iimpawu zobuso ezithile, kubandakanya ubuso obuncinci, impumlo efana nomlomo, kunye nomhlathi othambekileyo.

Isifo sikaSmith-Lemli-Opitz

Iintsana ezine-Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome zine:

• ukukhubazeka kwengqondo
• Ukukhubazeka kokuziphatha okubonisa i-autism

Iimpawu zokuqala zesi sifo zibandakanya:

• ubunzima bokutya
• ukukhula kancinci
• kudityaniswe iinzwane zesibini nezesithathu

I-Trisomy 18

I-Trisomy 18 ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-Edward's syndrome. Inokubangela:

• ukukhula kancinci kwisibeleko
• ubunzima bokuzalwa obuphantsi
• iziphene zomzimba
• intloko emile ngokungaqhelekanga

Iintsana ezine-Trisomy 18 zihlala zingaphili kwinyanga yokuqala yobomi.

Ukubonakaliswa kwintsholongwane, iziyobisi, okanye i-toxins

I-Microcephaly inokwenzeka kwakhona xa umntwana wakho echaphazeleka kwiintsholongwane ezithile, iziyobisi, okanye ityhefu esibelekweni. Umzekelo, ukusebenzisa utywala okanye iziyobisi ngelixa ukhulelwe kunokubangela i-microcephaly ebantwaneni.

Oku kulandelayo zezinye izinto ezinokubangela i-microcephaly:

Intsholongwane kaZika

Iingcongconi ezichaphazelekayo zidlulisela intsholongwane yeZika ebantwini. Usulelo alukho kakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba uhlakulela isifo se-Zika virus ngelixa ukhulelwe, ungasidlulisela kusana lwakho.

Intsholongwane yeZika inokubangela i-microcephaly kunye nezinye iziphene ezinzulu zokuzalwa. Oku kubandakanya:

• umbono kunye neziphene zokuva
• ukukhula kakuhle

Methylmercury ityhefu

Abanye abantu basebenzisa i-methylmercury ukugcina imbewu yokutya okuziinkozo abondla ngazo izilwanyana. Inokuphinda yenze emanzini, ekhokelela kwiintlanzi ezingcolileyo.

Ityhefu yenzeka xa usitya ukutya kwaselwandle okanye inyama evela kwisilwanyana esityiswe imbewu yeenkozo equlethe i-methylmercury. Ukuba usana lwakho lusengozini yokuhlaselwa yile tyhefu, lunokuba nengqondo kunye nomonakalo wentambo yomqolo.

I-rubella yokuzalwa

Ukuba ufumana intsholongwane ebangela imasisi yaseJamani, okanye irubella, kwiinyanga ezintathu zokuqala zokukhulelwa, umntwana wakho unokuba neengxaki ezinzima.

Ezi ngxaki zinokubandakanya:

• ukungeva kakuhle
• ukukhubazeka kwengqondo
• ukuxhuzula

Nangona kunjalo, le meko ayiqhelekanga kakhulu ngenxa yokusebenzisa iyeza lokuthintela i-rubella.

I-toxoplasmosis yokuzalwa

Ukuba wosulelwe sisidleleli Toxoplasma gondii ngexa ukhulelwe, inokumenzakalisa umntwana wakho osakhulayo.

Umntwana wakho unokuzalwa ngaphambi kwexesha ngeengxaki ezininzi zomzimba, kubandakanya:

• ukuxhuzula
• ukuva nokungaboni kakuhle

Esi sifunxi-gazi sifumaneka kwilindle lekati kwinyama engaphekwanga.

I-cytomegalovirus ekhulelwe

Ukuba uyayifumana i-cytomegalovirus ngelixa ukhulelwe, ungayidlulisela kumbungu wakho ngokusebenzisa iplacenta yakho. Abanye abantwana abancinci bathwala le ntsholongwane.

Kwiintsana, kunokubangela:

• inyongo
• irhashalala
• ukuxhuzula

Ukuba ukhulelwe, kuya kufuneka uthathe amanyathelo okhuseleko, kubandakanya:

• ukuhlamba izandla rhoqo
• Ukungabelani ngezinto zokusebenza nabantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka emi-6 ubudala

I-phenylketonuria engalawulwayo (PKU) kunina

Ukuba ukhulelwe kwaye une-phenylketonuria (PKU), kubalulekile ukulandela ukutya okusezantsi kwe-phenylalanine. Ungayifumana le nto kwi:

• ubisi
• amaqanda
• Izinto ezinencasa zeaspartame

Ukuba utya kakhulu i-phenylalanine, inokulimaza usana lwakho olusakhulayo.

Ukuhanjiswa kweengxaki

I-Microcephaly nayo inokubangelwa ziingxaki ezithile ngexesha lokuhanjiswa.

• Ukwehla kweoksijini kwingqondo yosana lwakho kunokunyusa umngcipheko wokuba nesi sifo.
• Ukungondleki kakhulu koomama kunokunyusa amathuba okuphuhliswa kwayo.

Zeziphi iingxaki ezinxulunyaniswa ne-microcephaly?

Abantwana abafumene le meko baya kuba neengxaki ezinobunzima. Abantwana abaneengxaki ezincinci banokuba nobukrelekrele obuqhelekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, ukujikeleza kwentloko yabo kuya kuhlala kuyinto encinci kubudala babo nakwisini.

Abantwana abaneengxaki ezinzima banokufumana:

• ukukhubazeka kwengqondo
• ukulibaziseka komsebenzi weemoto
• intetho ebambezelekileyo
• ubugqwetha bobuso
• Uxinzelelo
• ukuxhuzula
• ubunzima ngokulungelelanisa kunye nokulinganisela

Ubuncinci kunye nesiqu esifutshane asizizo iingxaki ze-microcephaly. Nangona kunjalo, banokudityaniswa nemeko.

Ifunyaniswa njani i-microcephaly?

Ugqirha womntwana wakho unokuyifumanisa le meko ngokulandela ukukhula kunye nokukhula komntwana wakho. Xa ubeleka umntwana wakho, ugqirha uya kulinganisa umjikelezo weentloko zawo.

Baza kubeka itheyiphu yokulinganisa ecaleni kwentloko yomntwana wakho kwaye babhale ubungakanani bayo. Ukuba baqaphela ukungaqheleki, banokufumanisa ukuba umntwana wakho une-microcephaly.

Ugqirha womntwana wakho uya kuqhubeka nokulinganisa intloko yomntwana wakho kwiimviwo eziqhelekileyo zomntwana ngexesha leminyaka emibini yokuqala yobomi. Baya kugcina kwakhona iirekhodi zokukhula komntwana wakho kunye nokukhula kwakhe. Oku kuya kubanceda babone nakuphi na ukungaqheleki.

Rekhoda naluphi na utshintsho kuphuhliso lomntwana wakho olwenzeka phakathi kotyelelo nogqirha wabo. Xelela ugqirha malunga nabo kwisithuba esilandelayo.

Iphathwa njani i-microcephaly?

Akukho lunyango lwe-microcephaly. Nangona kunjalo, unyango luyafumaneka kwimeko yomntwana wakho. Iya kugxila ekulawuleni iingxaki.

Ukuba umntwana wakho ulibazisile ukusebenza kweemoto, unyango lwasemsebenzini lunokumnceda. Ukuba balibazise ukukhula kolwimi, unyango lwentetho lunokunceda. Ezi zonyango ziya kunceda ukwakha kunye nokomeleza amandla endalo omntwana wakho.

Ukuba umntwana wakho uvelisa iingxaki ezithile, ezinjengokuxhuzula okanye ukungasebenzi kakuhle, ugqirha unokuyalela amayeza ukuba abanyange.

Ukuba ugqirha womntwana wakho ubafumanisa benayo le meko, uyakufuna inkxaso. Ukufumana ababoneleli abakhathalelayo bezempilo kwiqela lezonyango lomntwana wakho kubalulekile. Banokukunceda wenze izigqibo unolwazi.

Unokufuna ukunxibelelana nezinye iintsapho ezinabantwana abahlala ne-microcephaly. Amaqela enkxaso kunye noluntu oluku-intanethi lunokukunceda ulawule imeko yomntwana wakho kwaye luncede ufumane izixhobo eziluncedo.

Ngaba i-microcephaly inokuthintelwa?

Akusoloko kunokwenzeka ukukhusela i-microcephaly, ngakumbi xa unobangela wemfuza. Ukuba umntwana wakho unale meko, unokufuna ukufumana iingcebiso ngemfuzo.

unokubonelela ngeempendulo kunye nolwazi olufanelekileyo kumanqanaba obomi, kubandakanya:

• ukucwangcisa ukukhulelwa
• ngexa lokukhulelwa
• ukukhathalela abantwana
• uphila njengomntu omdala

Ukufumana ukhathalelo olufanelekileyo ngaphambi kokubeleka kunye nokuthintela ukusetyenziswa kotywala kunye neziyobisi ngelixa ukhulelwe kunokukunceda uthintele i-microcephaly. Ukuvavanywa ngaphambi kokubeleka kunika ugqirha wakho ithuba lokuchonga iimeko zoomama, ezinje nge-PKU engalawulekiyo.

Icebisa ukuba abasetyhini abakhulelweyo akufuneki bahambe baye kwiindawo apho bekukho ukuqhambuka kwentsholongwane yeZika okanye iindawo ezinomngcipheko wokuqhambuka kweZika.

I-CDC icebisa abasetyhini abacinga ukukhulelwa ukuba balandele iingcebiso ezifanayo okanye ubuncinci bathethe nogqirha ngaphambi kokuba baye kwezi ndawo.