Yintoni i-transverse myelitis, iimpawu, izizathu eziphambili kunye nendlela yokunyanga

Umxholo

• Iimpawu ze-myelitis eguqukayo
• Indlela yokuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa
• Izizathu eziphambili
• Unyango lwenziwa njani

I-myelitis eguqukayo, okanye nje i-myelitis, kukudumba kwethambo lomqolo elinokubakho ngenxa yosulelo lweentsholongwane okanye ibhaktiriya okanye njengesiphumo sezifo ezizimele, kwaye oko kukhokelela ekubonakaleni kweempawu kunye neempawu zemithambo-luvo, kunye nokuphazamiseka kwemoto umthamo okanye uvakalelo, umzekelo.

Ke, ezona mpawu ziphambili zeempawu ezinqamlezayo ze-myelitis zenzeka ngenxa yokubandakanyeka komongo wethambo, onokubangela ukukhubazeka kwezihlunu ukongeza kwintlungu yomqolo, ubuthathaka bemisipha, ngokuncipha kwemvakalelo kunye nokukhubazeka kwemilenze kunye / okanye neengalo.

Unyango lwe-myelitis lujolise ekukhuthazeni umgangatho wobomi bomntu kwaye, ke, ugqirha wemithambo-luvo unokucebisa unyango oluthile ngesizathu se-myelitis, kwaye unyango lunokuncedwa ziiseshoni ze-physiotherapy, kuba oku kunokwenzeka ukukhuthaza ukuhamba kwemisipha kunye nokuthintela ukukhubazeka.

Iimpawu ze-myelitis eguqukayo

Iimpawu ze-myelitis eguqukayo zivela ngenxa yokubandakanyeka kwemithambo-luvo yomqolo, kwaye kunokubakho:

• Intlungu yomqolo, ngakumbi kumqolo ongezantsi;
• Ukulinganisa okanye ukutsha kwesifuba, isisu, imilenze okanye iingalo;
• Ubuthathaka kwiingalo okanye emilenzeni, kunzima ukubamba izinto okanye ukuhamba;
• Ukuthambeka kwentloko phambili, kunye nobunzima bokuginya;
• Ubunzima bokubamba umchamo okanye ilindle.

Kuba i-myelitis inokuchaphazela i-myelin sheath yeeseli zemithambo-luvo, ukuhanjiswa kwesistim se-nerve kukhubazeka ngakumbi ekuhambeni kwexesha kwaye, ke, kuyinto eqhelekileyo ukuba iimpawu ziye zisiba mandundu yonke imihla, ziba qatha, kusenokubakho nokukhubazeka, okuthintela umntu ukusuka ekuhambeni.

Xa isahlulo somqolo sichaphazela esezantsi, kunokwenzeka ukuba umntu aphulukane nokuhamba kwemilenze, kwaye xa indawo echaphazelekayo isondele entanyeni, umntu ochaphazelekayo unokuphulukana nokuhamba kwamagxa neengalo. Kwiimeko ezinzima kakhulu, kunokuba nzima ukuphefumla nokuginya, kufuna ukuba ulaliswe esibhedlele.

Ke ngoko, nangaliphi na ixesha kuvela iimpawu ezinokuthi zibonise ingxaki emqolo, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba uqhagamshelane nogqirha okanye ugqirha wemithambo-luvo, umzekelo, ukuchonga unobangela kwaye uqale unyango, ngaphambi kokuba kubonakale izilonda ekunzima ukuzisombulula. Kule meko, emva kokuxilongwa kuyinto eqhelekileyo ukuba umntu asiwe kugqirha wemithambo-luvo.

Indlela yokuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa

Ukwenza ukuxilongwa kwe-myelitis, kuya kufuneka ubonane nogqirha okanye ugqirha wemithambo-luvo, xa kukho ukukrokra okuninzi kwengxaki yomqolo. Ugqirha, ukongeza kuvavanyo lweempawu kunye nembali yokugula, uhlala ekwayalela ezinye iimvavanyo zokuqonda isifo, ezinje nge-MRI, ukubhoboza i-lumbar kunye novavanyo lwegazi, olunceda ukwenza uxilongo olwahlukileyo kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa kwe-myelitis enqamlezileyo.

Izizathu eziphambili

I-myelitis eguqukayo yimeko enqabileyo enokwenzeka ngenxa yezinye iimeko, ezona ziphambili zezi:

• Usulelo lwentsholongwane, ngakumbi emiphungeni (Mycoplasma pneumoniae) okanye kwinkqubo yokwetyisa;
• Ii-Enteroviruses, ezinje nge-EV-A71 kunye ne-EV-D68;
• Rhinovirus;
• Usulelo lwee-parasites, ezifana ne-toxoplasmosis okanye i-cysticercosis;
• Isifo sokugubhuka;
• I-optic neuromyelitis;
• Izifo ezizimela ngokuzenzekelayo, ezinjenge-lupus okanye i-Sjogren's syndrome.

Nangona kunqabile kakhulu, kukwakho neengxelo zamatyala e-myelitis eguqukayo ethe yavela emva kokuthatha iyeza lokugonya i-hepatitis B okanye imasisi, uqwilikana kunye nerhashalala. Ukongeza, kukho ingxelo yokuba iimpawu ze-myelitis enqamlezileyo yaphuhliswa emntwini ofumene iyeza lokulinga ngokuchasene ne-coronavirus entsha, i-SARS-CoV-2 / COVID-19, nangona kunjalo olu lwalamano lusafundwa, kunye nogonyo ukusebenza ngempumelelo.

Unyango lwenziwa njani

Unyango lwe-myelitis luyahluka kakhulu kwimeko nganye, kodwa ihlala iqalile ngokusetyenziswa kwamayeza ukunyanga usulelo olunokwenzeka, ukunciphisa ukudumba komqolo kunye nokukhulula iimpawu, ukuphucula umgangatho wobomi. Amanye amayeza aqhelekileyo asetyenziswa aquka:

• I-corticosteroids enokwenzakala, ezinje ngeMethylprednisolone okanye iDexamethasone: ukunciphisa ngokukhawuleza ukudumba kwethambo lomqolo kunye nokunciphisa ukuphendula kwamajoni omzimba, ukunciphisa iimpawu;
• Unyango lweplasma: isetyenziswa kubantu abangakhange baphucule ngenaliti ye-corticosteroids kwaye basebenze ngokususa ii-antibodies ezigqithisileyo ezinokubangela ukudumba kwethambo lomqolo;
• Unyango lwe-Antiviral: ukunyanga naluphi na usulelo lwentsholongwane olusebenzayo nolonakalisa intambo yomqolo;
• Ukuphelisa iintlungu, ezinje nge-acetaminophen okanye naproxen: ukunciphisa iintlungu zemisipha kunye naluphi na uhlobo lwentlungu enokuvela.

Emva kolu nyango lokuqala, kwaye xa iimpawu zilawulwa ngakumbi, ugqirha unokucebisa iiseshoni ze-physiotherapy ukunceda ukomeleza izihlunu kunye nokulungelelanisa uqeqesho, olunokuchaphazeleka sisifo. Nangona i-physiotherapy ingasinyangi isifo, inokusiphucula kakhulu amandla emisipha, ukulungelelanisa iintshukumo, ukuququzelela ucoceko kunye neminye imisebenzi yemihla ngemihla.

Ngamanye amaxesha, kusenokufuneka ukuba wenze iiseshoni zonyango emsebenzini, ukuze umntu afunde ukwenza imisebenzi yemihla ngemihla ngemida emitsha enokuvela ngesi sifo. Kodwa kwiimeko ezininzi kukho ukubuyiswa ngokupheleleyo kwiiveki ezimbalwa okanye kwiinyanga ezimbalwa.