Yonke into ekufuneka uyazi malunga nokuTshata

Umxholo

• Iimpawu zokutshata
• Ukuphuma kwesisu kubangela
• Imiba yemfuza okanye ye-chromosome
• Iimeko ezisisiseko kunye neendlela zokuphila
• Ukutshata okanye ixesha?
• Umgangatho wokutshata ngomtshato ngeveki
• Iinkcukacha manani zokutshata
• Ukuphulukana nomtshato
• Iindidi zokutshata
• Ukuthintela ukuphuma kwesisu
• Ukuphuma kwesisu namawele
• Unyango lokuphuma ngaphandle komtshato
• Ukuchacha ngokwasemzimbeni
• Inkxaso emva kokuphuma kwesisu
• Ukukhulelwa kwakhona

Yintoni ukuphuma kwesisu?

Ukuphuma kwesisu, okanye ukukhupha isisu ngokukhawuleza, sisiganeko esikhokelela ekuphulukaneni nomntwana ngaphambi kweeveki ezingama-20 zokukhulelwa. Oku kwenzeka rhoqo kwikota yokuqala yokuqala, okanye kwiinyanga ezintathu zokuqala zokukhulelwa.

Ukutshata okungafaniyo kunokwenzeka ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukeneyo zonyango, uninzi lwazo azikho kulawulo lomntu. Kodwa ukwazi umngcipheko, imiqondiso, kunye noonobangela kunokukunceda ukuba uwuqonde ngcono umsitho kwaye ufumane nayiphi na inkxaso okanye unyango onokulufuna.

Iimpawu zokutshata

Iimpawu zokuphuphuma kwesisu ziyahluka, kuxhomekeke kwinqanaba lokukhulelwa kwakho. Ngamanye amaxesha, kwenzeka ngokukhawuleza kangangokuba usenokungazi nokuba ukhulelwe ngaphambi kokuba uphulukane nesisu.

Nazi ezinye zeempawu zokuphuma kwesisu:

• indawo enzima
• ukopha kwilungu lobufazi
• ukukhutshwa kwethishu okanye ulwelo kwilungu lakho lobufazi
• iintlungu ezinzima zesisu okanye ukubamba
• ithambile ukuya kwiintlungu eziqatha

Biza ugqirha wakho ngoko nangoko ukuba ufumana naziphi na kwezi mpawu xa ukhulelwe. Kwakhona kunokwenzeka ukuba ube nale mpawu ngaphandle kokufumana ukuphuma kwesisu. Kodwa ugqirha wakho uya kufuna ukuqhuba iimvavanyo ukuqinisekisa ukuba yonke into ilungile.

Ukuphuma kwesisu kubangela

Ngelixa kukho izinto ezithile ezonyusa umngcipheko wokuphuma kwesisu, ngokubanzi ayisiyiyo into yento oyenzileyo okanye ongakhange uyenze. Ukuba unengxaki yokugcina ukukhulelwa, ugqirha wakho unokujonga izizathu ezithile ezaziwayo zokuphuma kwesisu.

Ngexesha lokukhulelwa, umzimba wakho unikezela iihomoni kunye nezondlo kumntwana wakho okhulayo. Oku kunceda ukuba umntwana wakho akhule. Uninzi lwee-trimester zokuqala ezenzekileyo ngenxa yokuba umntwana engekakhuli ngokwesiqhelo. Kukho izinto ezahlukeneyo ezinokubangela oku.

Imiba yemfuza okanye ye-chromosome

Ii-Chromosomes zibambe izakhi zofuzo. Kwimveku esakhulayo, iseti enye yee-chromosomes inegalelo lomama kwaye enye ngutata.

Imizekelo yokungaqhelekanga kwe-chromosome ibandakanya:

• Ukufa komntwana ngaphakathi: Iimbumba ziyeka ukukhula ngaphambi kokuba ubone okanye uve iimpawu zokuphulukana nokukhulelwa.
• Iqanda elibi: Akukho fomu zembumba konke konke.
• Ukukhulelwa kweMolar: Zombini iiseti ze-chromosomes zivela kutata, akukho phuhliso lomntwana lwenzekayo.
• Ukukhulelwa okwexeshana: Ii-chromosomes zoomama zihlala, kodwa utata ubonelele ngeeseti ezimbini zeekromosomes.

Iimpazamo zinokubakho ngokungacwangciswanga xa iiseli zembungu zahlulahlulwayo, okanye ngenxa yeqanda elonakeleyo okanye iseli yesidoda. Iingxaki nge-placenta zingakhokelela ekuphumuleni komzimba.

Iimeko ezisisiseko kunye neendlela zokuphila

Iimeko ezahlukeneyo zempilo kunye nendlela yokuphila zinokuphazamisa ukukhula komntwana ongekazalwa. Ukuzivocavoca kunye nokwabelana ngesondo hayi kubangela ukuphuma kwesisu. Ukusebenza akuyi kuchaphazela usana olungekazalwa, ngaphandle kokuba ubonakaliswe kwiikhemikhali eziyingozi okanye kwimitha.

Iimeko ezinokuphazamisa ukukhula komntwana kubandakanya:

• ukutya okungafanelekanga, okanye ukungondleki
• Ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi notywala
• iminyaka yobudala yoomama
• isifo se-thyroid esinganyangekiyo
• Imiba ngehomoni
• isifo seswekile esingalawulekiyo
• usulelo
• umothuko
• ukutyeba kakhulu
• iingxaki zomlomo wesibeleko
• isibeleko esimile ngokungaqhelekanga
• uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu
• ityhefu yokutya
• amayeza athile

Soloko ujongana nogqirha wakho ngaphambi kokuba uthathe amayeza ukuze uqiniseke ukuba ichiza likhuselekile xa ulikhulelwe.

Ukutshata okanye ixesha?

Amaxesha amaninzi, ukuphuma kwesisu kunokwenzeka ngaphambi kokuba wazi ukuba ukhulelwe. Ukongezelela, njengokuba ixesha lakho lokuya esikhathini, ezinye zeempawu zokuphuphuma kwesisu zibandakanya ukuphuma kwegazi kunye nokucofa.

Ke ungazi njani ukuba unethuba okanye ukuphuma kwesisu?

Xa uzama ukwahlula phakathi kwexesha kunye nokuphuphuma kwesisu, zininzi izinto ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe:

• Iimpawu: Ukuqaqanjelwa okanye ukuba mandundu komqolo okanye iintlungu esiswini kunye nokuhambisa ulwelo kunye namahlwili amakhulu kunokubonisa ukuphuma kwesisu.
• Ixesha: Ukuphuphuma kwesisu kwangoko kakhulu xa ukhulelwe kungaphazanyiswa ixesha elithile. Nangona kunjalo, oku akunakwenzeka emva kweeveki ezisibhozo zokukhulelwa.
• Ubude beempawu: Iimpawu zokuphuphuma kwesisu zihlala zisiba mbi kwaye zihlala ixesha elide kunexesha.

Ukuba ufumana ukopha kakhulu okanye ukholelwa ukuba uphunyelwa sisisu, kuya kufuneka unxibelelane nogqirha wakho. Funda ngokufunda okungakumbi malunga nokwahlula phakathi kwexesha kunye nokuphuphuma kwesisu.

Umgangatho wokutshata ngomtshato ngeveki

Uninzi lokuphuphuma kwesisu kwenzeka ngaphakathi kwikota yokuqala yokuqala (kwiiveki ezili-12 zokuqala) zokukhulelwa. Iiveki zokuqala zokukhulelwa kuxa umfazi esengozini enkulu yokukhulelwa kwesisu. Nangona kunjalo, xa ukukhulelwa kufikelela kwiiveki ezi-6, lo mngcipheko wehla.

Ukususela kwiiveki ezili-13 ukuya kuma-20 zokukhulelwa, umngcipheko wokukhulelwa kwesisu uhla ngakumbi. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukugcina engqondweni ukuba umngcipheko wokukhulelwa kwesisu awutshintshi kakhulu emva koku, njengoko iingxaki zinokuvela nangaliphi na ixesha lokukhulelwa. Fumanisa ezinye iinkcukacha malunga nenqanaba lokuphuma kwesisu ngeveki.

Iinkcukacha manani zokutshata

Ukuphulukana kwangoko kokukhulelwa kuqhelekile. Ngokwe-American College of Obstetricians kunye ne-Gynecologists (ACOG), yenzeka kwipesenti ezilishumi zokukhulelwa okwaziwayo.

Ngamanye amaxesha unobangela wokuphuma kwesisu uhlala ungaziwa. Nangona kunjalo, ikliniki yaseMayo iqikelela ukuba malunga neepesenti ezingama-50 zokuphuphuma kwesisu kungenxa yemicimbi ye-chromosome.

Umngcipheko wokukhulelwa kwesisu ngokuqinisekileyo uyanda kunye nobudala. Ngokwe-Mayo Clinic, umngcipheko wokukhulelwa kwesisu ngama-20 eepesenti kubudala beminyaka engama-35. Yonyuke yaya kuma-40 eepesenti kubudala beminyaka engama-40 yenyuka yaya kuma-80 epesenti kwiminyaka engama-45 ubudala.

Ukuphuma kwesisu akuthethi ukuba awuzukuqhubeka nokuba nomntwana. NgokweKliniki yaseCleveland, iipesenti ezingama-87 zabasetyhini abaye baphunyelwa sisisu baya kuqhubeka nokuthwala umntwana ixesha elipheleleyo.Phantse iipesenti ezi-1 zabasetyhini baneziphene ezithathu okanye nangaphezulu.

Ukuphulukana nomtshato

Uninzi lokuphuphuma kwesisu lubangelwa zizinto zendalo nezingenakuphepheka. Nangona kunjalo, iimeko ezithile zomngcipheko zinokunyusa amathuba akho okuphuphuma kwesisu. Oku kubandakanya:

• ukonzakala komzimba
• ukubonakaliswa kwimichiza eyingozi okanye kwimitha
• Ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi
• utywala
• ukusebenzisa kakhulu icaffeine
• ukutshaya
• ukuphulukana kwesisu kabini okanye nangaphezulu kulandelelana
• ukutyeba okanye ukutyeba kakhulu
• ezingapheliyo, iimeko ezingalawulekiyo, njengeswekile
• iingxaki zesibeleko okanye umlomo wesibeleko

Ukuba mdala kunokuchaphazela umngcipheko wokukhulelwa kwesisu. Abasetyhini abangaphezulu kweminyaka engama-35 ubudala banomngcipheko ophezulu wokukhulelwa kwesisu kunabasetyhini abancinci. Lo mngcipheko unyuka kuphela kule minyaka ilandelayo.

Ukuba nokuphuphuma kwesisu kube kanye akonyusi umngcipheko wokuba nezinye izisu. Ngapha koko, uninzi lwabasetyhini luya kuqhubeka nokuthwala ixesha elipheleleyo losana. Ukuphindaphindwa kokulahleka kwesisu kunqabile.

Iindidi zokutshata

Zininzi iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zokuphuphuma kwesisu. Ngokuxhomekeka kwiimpawu zakho kunye nenqanaba lokukhulelwa kwakho, ugqirha wakho uya kuyifumanisa imeko yakho njengenye yezi zinto zilandelayo:

• Gcwalisa ukuphuma kwesisu: Zonke izicubu zokukhulelwa zikhutshiwe emzimbeni wakho.
• Ukuphela kwesisu: Ugqithisile izicwili okanye izinto zeplacenta, kodwa ezinye zihlala zisemzimbeni wakho.
• Ukuphoswa kwesisu: Umbungu uyafa ngaphandle kolwazi lwakho, kwaye awuzisi.
• Isongelo sokuphuma kwesisu: Ukopha kunye neekram zibonisa ukuba isisu siza kuphela.
• Ukuphuma kwesisu ngokungaphephekiyo: Ubukho bokuphuma kwegazi, ukucofa, kunye nokwanda komlomo wesibeleko kubonisa ukuba ukuphuma kwesisu akunakuphepheka.
• Ukuphuma kwesisu: Usulelo lwenzekile ngaphakathi kwesibeleko sakho.

Ukuthintela ukuphuma kwesisu

Ayizukuthintelwa yonke imitshato. Nangona kunjalo, ungathatha amanyathelo okunceda ukugcina ukukhulelwa okunempilo. Nazi izincomo ezimbalwa:

• Fumana ukhathalelo rhoqo ngaphambi kokubeleka ngexesha lokukhulelwa kwakho.
• Thintela utywala, iziyobisi kunye nokutshaya xa ukhulelwe.
• Gcina ubunzima obusempilweni ngaphambi nangexesha lokukhulelwa.
• Ziphephe izifo. Hlamba izandla zakho kakuhle, kwaye uhlale kude nabantu abasele begula.
• Nciphisa umlinganiselo wecaffeine ungadluli kwii-milligram ezingama-200 ngosuku.
• Thatha iivithamini zokubeleka ukuze uncede uqinisekise ukuba wena kunye nosana lwakho olusakhulayo nifumana izakhamzimba ezaneleyo.
• Yitya ukutya okusempilweni, okunezondlo kunye neziqhamo kunye nemifuno.

Khumbula ukuba ukuphuma kwesisu akuthethi ukuba awuzukuphinda ukhulelwe kwakhona. Uninzi lwabasetyhini abaphulukana nesisu banokukhulelwa okunempilo kamva. Fumana ulwazi olongezelelweyo malunga neendlela zokuthintela ukuphuma kwesisu.

Ukuphuma kwesisu namawele

Amawele aqhele ukwenzeka xa amaqanda amabini echunyisiwe endaweni yelinye. Ziyakwenzeka xa elinye iqanda elichumileyo lahlulahlula phakathi kwimibungu emibini eyahlukeneyo.

Ngokwemvelo, kukho izinto ezongezelelweyo xa umntu obhinqileyo ekhulelwe amawele. Ukuba neentsana ezininzi esibelekweni kunokuchaphazela ukukhula kunye nokukhula. Abasetyhini abakhulelwe amawele okanye ezinye izinto ezinokubakho banokufumana iingxaki ezinjengokuzalwa kwangaphambi kokuzalwa, ipreeclampsia, okanye ukuphuphuma kwesisu.

Ukongezelela, uhlobo lokukhulelwa komzimba olubizwa ngokuba yi-twin syndrome lunokuchaphazela abanye abakhulelwe amawele. Ukuphela kwesifo samawele kwenzeka xa inye kuphela into engekazalwa enokufunyanwa kumfazi owayekade ezimisele ukukhulelwa amawele.

Kwiimeko ezininzi, amawele aphelileyo abuyiselwa kwi-placenta. Ngamanye amaxesha oku kwenzeka kwasekuqaleni kokukhulelwa kangangokuba ubungazi nokuba ukhulelwe amawele. Fumana okuninzi malunga neziganeko zokuphela kwesifo samawele.

Unyango lokuphuma ngaphandle komtshato

Unyango olufumanayo lokuphuphuma kwesisu kunokuxhomekeka kuhlobo lokuphuphuma kwesisu onalo. Ukuba akukho zihlunu zokukhulelwa zishiyekileyo emzimbeni wakho (ukugqiba ukuphuma kwesisu), akukho nyango luyafuneka.

Ukuba kusekho izicwili ezikhoyo emzimbeni wakho, kukho iindlela zonyango ezahlukeneyo onokukhetha kuzo:

• ulawulo olulindelweyo, kulapho ulinda khona ukuba izicwili ezisele zigqithe ngokwendalo emzimbeni wakho
• Ulawulo lwezonyango, olubandakanya ukuthatha amayeza ukukunceda udlule onke amanye amalungu aseleyo
• ulawulo lotyando, olubandakanya ukuba nazo naziphi na izicwili eziseleyo ngotyando

Umngcipheko weengxaki nakweyiphi na kwezi ndlela zonyango lincinci kakhulu, ukuze usebenze nogqirha wakho ukumisela ukuba yeyiphi eyona ilungele wena.

Ukuchacha ngokwasemzimbeni

Ukubuyiswa komzimba wakho kuya kuxhomekeka ekubeni ukhulelwe kangakanani ngaphambi kokuphuphuma kwesisu. Emva kokuphuma kwesisu, unokufumana iimpawu ezinjengokubona kunye nokungahambi kakuhle kwesisu.

Ngelixa ukukhulelwa iihormoni kunokuhlala egazini iinyanga ezimbalwa emva kokuphuma kwesisu, kuya kufuneka uphinde ube namaxesha aqhelekileyo kwiiveki ezine ukuya kwezintandathu. Gwema ukulala ngesondo okanye ukusebenzisa iitampon ubuncinci iiveki ezimbini emva kokuphuma kwesisu.

Inkxaso emva kokuphuma kwesisu

Kuqhelekile ukuba ufumane uluhlu olubanzi lweemvakalelo emva kokuphuma kwesisu. Unokufumana neempawu ezinje ngokulala nzima, amandla aphantsi, kunye nokulila rhoqo.

Thatha ixesha lakho ukuba buhlungu ngenxa yelahleko yakho, kwaye ucele inkxaso xa uyidinga. Unokufuna ukuqaphela oku kulandelayo:

• Fikelela kuncedo xa ukoyisiwe. Usapho kunye nabahlobo bakho banokungayiqondi indlela oziva ngayo, ngoko ke mabaxelele indlela abanokukunceda ngayo.
• Gcina naziphi iimemorabilia zabantwana, iimpahla zokubeleka, kunye nezinto zabantwana de ube ukulungele ukuzibona kwakhona.
• Yenza isenzo esingumqondiso esinokukunceda ukukhumbula. Abanye abantu basetyhini batyala umthi okanye banxibe isacholo esikhethekileyo.
• Funa ingcebiso kwingcali yonyango. Abacebisi ababuhlungu banokukunceda ujamelane neemvakalelo zokudakumba, ukulahleka, okanye ukuziva unetyala.
• Joyina umntu okanye iqela lenkxaso kwi-intanethi ukuze uthethe nabanye abaye bakwimeko efanayo.

Ukukhulelwa kwakhona

Ukulandela ukuphuma kwesisu, licebo elilungileyo ukulinda de nikulungele ngokwasemzimbeni nangokweemvakalelo ngaphambi kokuzama ukukhulelwa kwakhona. Unokufuna ukubuza ugqirha wakho ukuba akukhokele okanye akuncede uphuhlise isicwangciso sokukhulelwa ngaphambi kokuba uzame ukukhulelwa kwakhona.

Ukuphuphuma kwesisu kuhlala kwenzeka ngexesha elinye kuphela. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ukhe waphuphuma kabini okanye nangaphezulu ngokulandelelana, ugqirha wakho uya kuncomela ukuvavanywa ukuze kufumaneke oko kunokubangela ukuphuphuma kwesisu kwangaphambili. Oku kunokubandakanya:

• iimvavanyo zegazi zokufumanisa ukungalingani kwehomoni
• Uvavanyo lwechromosome, kusetyenziswa iisampulu zegazi okanye izicwili
• iimviwo zangasese kunye zesibeleko
• Imitha yesandi