Ukuqonda iAutverism Autism

Umxholo

• Ziintoni iimpawu ze-autism engathethiyo?
• Yintoni ebangela i-autism?
• Ichongwa njani i-autism engabonakaliyo?
• Yintoni ekufuneka uyijongile
• Zithini iindlela zokhetho zonyango?
• Yintoni imbonakalo yabantu abangathethiyo?
• Umgca wezantsi

Ukuphazamiseka kwembonakalo ye-Autism (ASD) ligama lesambrela elisetyenziselwa ukuchonga iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zokuphazamiseka kwengqondo. Ezi ngxaki zidityaniswe zadityaniswa ngenxa yokuba ziphazamisa ngokufanayo ukukwazi komntu ukunxibelelana, ukuhlala kunye, nokuziphatha nokukhula.

Abantu abaninzi abane-autistic banobunzima okanye ukulibaziseka kunxibelelwano nakwintetho. Ezi zinokubakho kwibala ukusuka kubumnene ukuya kubunzima.

Kodwa abanye abantu abane-autism abanakuthetha konke konke. Ngapha koko, uninzi lwabantwana abane-ASD alunantsingiselo.

Qhubeka ufunda ukuze ufunde malunga ne-autism engathethiyo kunye neenketho zokuphucula unxibelelwano.

Ziintoni iimpawu ze-autism engathethiyo?

Eyona nto iphambili ekuchongeni i-autism engacacanga kukuba umntu uthetha ngokungagungqiyo okanye ngaphandle kongenelelo.

Abantu abane-Autistic banokuba nobunzima ekuthetheni okanye ekuqhubeni incoko nomnye umntu, kodwa abo bangathethi ntweni abathethi kwaphela.

Zininzi izizathu zoku. Isenokwenzeka ukuba baneapraxia yentetho. Esi sisiphazamiso esinokuphazamisa amandla omntu okuthetha le nto ayifunayo ngokuchanekileyo.

Isenokubangelwa kukuba bengakhange bakhulise ubuchule bokuthetha ngomlomo. Abanye abantwana banokuphulukana nezakhono zomlomo njengoko iimpawu zokuphazamiseka zisiya zisiba mandundu kwaye ziye zicace gca.

Abanye abantwana be-autistic banokuba ne-echolalia. Oku kubangela ukuba baphindaphinde amagama okanye amabinzana amaxesha ngamaxesha. Inokwenza unxibelelwano lube nzima.

Ezinye iimpawu zingahlulwa ngokweendidi ezintathu eziphambili:

• Ezentlalo. Abantu abazenzekelayo bahlala benobunzima kunxibelelwano lwasentlalweni. Banokuba neentloni kwaye barhoxe. Banokuphepha ukudibana ngamehlo kwaye bangaphenduli xa kubizwa igama labo. Abanye abantu banokungayihloniphi indawo yabo. Abanye banokuchasa konke ukubamba komzimba. Ezi mpawu zinokubashiya beziva bebodwa kwaye oko kunokukhokelela kuxinzelelo kunye noxinzelelo.
• Ukuziphatha. Isiqhelo sinokubaluleka kumntu o-autistic. Nakuphi na ukuphazamiseka kwishedyuli yabo yemihla ngemihla kunokubacaphukisa, kude kube mandundu. Kwangokunjalo, abanye baba nomdla wokugqithisileyo kwaye bachitha iiyure belungiselelwe iprojekthi ethile, incwadi, isihloko, okanye umsebenzi. Kwakhona akuqhelekanga, nangona kunjalo, ukuba abantu abane-autistic banokunakekelwa okufutshane kunye nokuhamba ukusuka kwenye into ukuya kwenye. Iimpawu zokuziphatha zomntu ngamnye ziyahluka.
• Uphuhliso. Abantu abane-Autistic bakhula ngamaxabiso ahlukeneyo. Abanye abantwana banokukhula ngesantya esiqhelekileyo iminyaka eliqela, emva koko bajongane nesithintelo esimalunga neminyaka emi-2 okanye yesi-3.

Iimpawu zihlala ziphucula ngokuhamba kweminyaka. Njengokuba abantwana bekhula, iimpawu zinokuba mbi kakhulu kwaye ziphazamise. Umntwana wakho unokuthetha ngokungenelela nangonyango.

Yintoni ebangela i-autism?

Asikazi ukuba yintoni ebangela i-autism. Nangona kunjalo, abaphandi banokuqonda okungcono kwezinye izinto ezinokudlala indima.

• Ubudala bomzali. Abantwana abazelwe ngabazali abadala banokuba nethuba eliphezulu lokuphuhlisa i-autism.
• Ukuvezwa ngaphambi kokubeleka. Ityhefu yokusingqongileyo kunye nokuvezwa kwinyithi enzima ngexesha lokukhulelwa kunokudlala indima.
• Imbali yosapho. Abantwana abanelungu losapho elisondeleyo abane-autism kunokwenzeka ukuba bayiphuhlise.
• Ukutshintsha kwemfuza kunye nokuphazamiseka. I-Fragile X syndrome kunye ne-tuberous sclerosis zizinto ezibini eziphandwayo ngokunxibelelana kwabo ne-autism.
• Ukuzalwa ngaphambi kwexesha. Abantwana abanesisindo sokuzalwa esisezantsi banokubakho amathuba okuba babe nesifo.
• Ukungalingani kwemichiza kunye nemetabolic. Ukuphazamiseka kwiihomoni okanye kwiikhemikhali kunokuthintela ukukhula kwengqondo okunokukhokelela kutshintsho kwimimandla yobuchopho enxulunyaniswa ne-autism.

Isitofu suku kubangele i-autism. Ngo-1998, isifundo esinempikiswano saphakamisa ikhonkco phakathi kwe-autism kunye nezitofu zokugonya. Nangona kunjalo, uphando olongezelelekileyo lwenze ukuba ingxelo ibekho. Ngapha koko, abaphandi bayirhoxisa ngo-2010.

Ichongwa njani i-autism engabonakaliyo?

Ukuchonga i-autism engabonakaliyo yinkqubo yamanqanaba ngamanqanaba. Ugqirha wabantwana unokuba ngumboneleli wokuqala wokhathalelo lwempilo ukuqaphela iASD. Abazali, bebona iimpawu ezingalindelekanga ezinjengokungakwazi ukuthetha, banokuzisa inkxalabo yabo kugqirha.

Umboneleli lowo unokucela iimvavanyo ezahlukeneyo ezinokunceda ukulawula ezinye izizathu ezinokubakho. Oku kubandakanya:

• uvavanyo lomzimba
• iimvavanyo zegazi
• iimvavanyo zokucinga njengeMRI okanye CT scan

Abanye oogqirha babantwana banokubhekisa abantwana kugqirha wokuziphatha-wokuziphatha. Aba gqirha bagxile kunyango lokuphazamiseka njenge-autism.

Lo gqirha wabantwana unokucela iimvavanyo ezongezelelweyo kunye neengxelo. Oku kunokubandakanya imbali yezonyango epheleleyo yomntwana kunye nabazali, uphononongo lokukhulelwa kukamama kunye nazo naziphi na iingxaki okanye imiba ethe yavela ngela xesha, kunye nokuqhekeka kotyando, ukulaliswa esibhedlele, okanye unyango lwezamayeza analo umntwana oko wazalwa.

Okokugqibela, iimvavanyo ezithile ze-autism zinokusetyenziselwa ukuqinisekisa isifo. Uvavanyo oluninzi, kubandakanya i-Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule, uHlelo lwesiBini (i-ADOS-2) kunye neNqanaba le-Autism yokulinganisa i-Autism, uHlelo lwesiThathu (GARS-3), inokusetyenziswa kubantwana abangathethiyo.

Ezi mvavanyo zinceda ababoneleli ngezempilo ukuba babone ukuba umntwana uyayifumana na imiqathango ye-autism.

Yintoni ekufuneka uyijongile

yabantwana abane-autistic baxela ukuba baqale baqaphela iimpawu ngaphambi kokuzalwa komntwana wabo wokuqala.

Uninzi - lubone iimpawu ngeenyanga ezingama-24.

Iimpawu zokuqala ze-autism zibandakanya:

• bangaphenduli kwigama labo unyaka omnye
• ungangxoli okanye uhleke kunye nabazali ngonyaka omnye
• ukungakhombi kwinto enomdla ngeenyanga ezili-14
• ukunqanda ukudibana kwamehlo okanye ukhetha ukuba wedwa
• ayidlali ngathi ziinyanga ezili-18
• ukungahlangani neziganeko zophuhliso kwintetho nakulwimi
• Ukuphindaphinda amagama okanye amabinzana amaxesha ngamaxesha
• ukucaphukiswa lutshintsho oluncinci kwishedyuli
• ukubetha izandla zabo okanye ukunyikimisa imizimba yabo ukuze bathuthuzeleke

Zithini iindlela zokhetho zonyango?

Akukho lunyango lwe-autism. Endaweni yoko, unyango lujolise kunyango kunye nongenelelo lokuziphatha olunceda umntu ukuba oyise ezona mpawu zinzima kunye nokulibaziseka kophuhliso.

Abantwana abangathethiyo ngokuqinisekileyo baya kufuna uncedo lwemihla ngemihla njengoko befunda ukuzibandakanya nabanye. Ezi zonyango zinceda umntwana wakho ukuba aphuhlise izakhono zolwimi kunye nonxibelelwano. Apho kunokwenzeka, ababoneleli ngezempilo banokuzama ukwakha izakhono zokuthetha.

Unyango lwe-autism engasebenziyo inokubandakanya:

• Ungenelelo kwezemfundo. I-Autistic abantwana bahlala bephendula kakuhle kwiiseshoni ezakhiwe kakuhle nezomeleleyo ezifundisa iindlela zokuziphatha ezijolise kubuchule. Ezi nkqubo zinceda abantwana bafunde izakhono zentlalo kunye nezakhono zolwimi ngelixa bekwasebenza kwimfundo nakuphuhliso.
• Iyeza. Akukho yeza ngokukodwa i-autism, kodwa amachiza athile anokuba luncedo kwezinye iimeko ezinxulumene noko kunye neempawu. Oku kubandakanya unxunguphalo okanye uxinzelelo, kunye nokuphazamiseka okungafunekiyo kubuntu. Kwangokunjalo, ii-antipsychotic meds zinokunceda kwiingxaki ezinzulu zokuziphatha, kwaye amayeza e-ADHD anokunciphisa isimilo sokuziphatha okungafunekiyo kunye noxinzelelo.
• Iingcebiso kusapho. Abazali kunye nabantakwabo bomntwana one-autistic banokuxhamla kunyango lomntu ngamnye. Ezi seshoni zinokukunceda ufunde ukumelana nemiceli mngeni ye-autism engathethiyo.

Ukuba ucinga ukuba umntwana wakho une-autism, la maqela anokubonelela ngoncedo:

• Ugqirha wabantwana bomntwana wakho. Yenza idinga ukubona ugqirha womntwana wakho ngokukhawuleza. Yenza inowuthi okanye urekhode isimilo esiphathelene nawe. Kwangoko uqala inkqubo yokufumana iimpendulo, ngcono.
• Iqela lenkxaso lendawo. Izibhedlele ezininzi kunye neeofisi zabantwana zibamba amaqela enkxaso kubazali babantwana abaneengxaki ezifanayo. Buza isibhedlele sakho ukuba unganxibelelana neqela elihlangana kwindawo yakho.

Yintoni imbonakalo yabantu abangathethiyo?

I-Autism ayinalo unyango, kodwa mkhulu umsebenzi owenziweyo ukufumana iindlela ezifanelekileyo zonyango. Ungenelelo lwakwangoko yeyona ndlela ilungileyo yokunceda nawuphina umntwana abe nelona thuba liphezulu lokuphumelela.

Ke ngoko, ukuba ukrokrela ukuba umntwana wakho ubonakalisa iimpawu zangoku ze-autism, thetha nogqirha wabantwana kwangoko. Ukuba awuziva ngathi iinkxalabo zakho zithathwa nzulu, jonga uluvo lwesibini.

Ubuntwana bokuqala lixesha lotshintsho olukhulu, kodwa namphi na umntwana oqala ukubuyela umva kwizigaba zophuhliso kufuneka abonwe yingcali. Ngale ndlela, ukuba kukho ukungahambi kakuhle kungunobangela, unyango lunokuqala kwangoko.

Umgca wezantsi

Njengama-40 eepesenti abantwana be-autistic abathethi konke konke. Abanye banokuthetha kodwa banolwimi olunqongopheleyo kwizakhono zonxibelelwano.

Eyona ndlela yokunceda umntwana wakho akhe izakhono zonxibelelwano kunye nokufunda ukuthetha kukuthetha unyango ngokukhawuleza. Ungenelelo lwakwangoko sisitshixo sabantu abane-autism engathethiyo.