Yintoni i-hypochromia kunye noonobangela abaziintloko

Umxholo

• Ungayiqonda njani i-hypochromia kubalo lwegazi
• Oonobangela hypochromia
• 1. Ukunqongophala kwe-anemia
• 2. Thalassemia
• 3. I-anemia ye-Sideroblastic

I-Hypochromia ligama elithetha ukuba iiseli ezibomvu zegazi zine-hemoglobin encinci kunesiqhelo, zijongwa phantsi kwemicroscope enombala okhanyayo. Kumfanekiso wegazi, i-hypochromia ivavanywa yi-HCM index, ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-Average Corpuscular Hemoglobin, ebonisa inani eliphakathi le-hemoglobin kwiiseli ezibomvu zegazi, ithathwa njengesiqhelo ixabiso lama-26 ukuya kuma-34 ipg okanye ngokwelebhu apho kwenziwa uviwo.

Nangona i-HCM ibonisa i-hypochromia, kubalulekile ukuba ii-erythrocyte zivavanywe ngemicroscopic njengoko kunokwenzeka ukukhangela olunye utshintsho kwaye ubonise ukuba ngaba i-hypochromia iqhelekile, inobulumko, imodareyitha okanye inamandla. Kuqhelekile ukuba i-hypochromia ikhatshwe yi-microcytosis, kulapho iiseli ezibomvu zegazi zincinci kuneziqhelekileyo. Bona ngakumbi malunga ne-microcytosis.

Ungayiqonda njani i-hypochromia kubalo lwegazi

Kwiziphumo zobalo lwegazi kunokwenzeka ukuba kwakubhaliwe ukuba i-hypochromia ethambileyo, emodareyithayo okanye enzulu yaqwalaselwa, kwaye oko kuthetha ukuba emva kokufunda imihlaba emi-5 ukuya kweli-10 ye-smear yegazi, Oko kukuthi, emva kokujonga phantsi kwemicroscope ukusuka ku-5 kuye Imimandla eyahlukeneyo ye-10 yesampulu, iiseli ezibomvu zegazi ezibomvu ezichongiweyo zichongiwe ngokunxulumene neeseli ezibomvu eziqhelekileyo. Ngokubanzi, ezi zikhombisi zinokumela:

• Ihypochromia eqhelekileyo, xa i-0 ukuya kwi-5 iiseli ezibomvu zegazi zibonwa kukuqwalaselwa kwemicroscope;
• Ihypochromia eyahlukileyo, xa kugqalwa iiseli ezibomvu ze-6 ukuya kwi-15 zegazi ezibomvu;
• I-hypochromia ephakathi, xa kubonwa i-hypochromic eyi-16 ukuya kwengama-30;
• I-hypochromia enzulu, xa kubonakala ngaphezu kweeseli ezibomvu zegazi ezibomvu ezingama-30.

Ngokomyinge weeseli ezibomvu zegazi, ugqirha unokujonga ukubakho kunye nobukhali besi sifo, kwaye kubalulekile ukuvavanya ezinye iiparameter zobalo lwegazi. Funda indlela yokutolika ubalo lwegazi.

Oonobangela hypochromia

I-Hypochromia ihlala ibonisa isifo se-anemia, nangona kunjalo isifo sinokugqitywa kuphela emva kovavanyo lwamanye amanani apheleleyo egazi kunye neziphumo zezinye iimvavanyo ezinokuthi zicelwe ngugqirha. Oonobangela abaphambili behypochromia zezi:

1. Ukunqongophala kwe-anemia

I-anemia yokunqongophala kwe-Iron, ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-anemia yokunqongophala kwe-iron, sesinye sezizathu eziphambili ze-hypochromia, kuba i-iron ibalulekile ekwenziweni kwe-hemoglobin. Ke ngoko, xa incinci i-iron efumanekayo, kuncinci ukubunjwa kwe-hemoglobin kunye nokuxinana okuncinci kweli candelo kwiiseli ezibomvu zegazi, ukuzenza zicace.

Kumfanekiso wegazi, ukongeza kwi-hypochromia, i-microcytosis inokubonwa, kuba ngenxa yokwehla kwenani leoksijini ethunyelwa yihemoglobin kwezinye izicwili kunye namalungu, kukho ukuveliswa kwenani elikhulu leeseli ezibomvu zegazi ukuzama ukubonelela ngokusilela kweoksijini, amaxesha amaninzi ezi zii-erythrocyte zincinci kunesiqhelo. Ukuqinisekisa olu hlobo lwe-anemia, ezinye iimvavanyo ziyacelwa, ezinje ngomlinganiso wentsimbi ye-serum, transferrin ferritin kunye ne-transferrin saturation.

Ukunqongophala kwentsimbi kunokwenzeka ngenxa yemicimbi yesondlo, apho umntu etya ukutya okuncinci ngentsimbi, ngenxa yokuhamba okukhulu kokuya exesheni, izifo zesisu ezivuthayo okanye ngenxa yeemeko eziphazamisa ukufunxwa kwentsimbi, ezinjengesifo se-celiac kunye nosulelo Helicobacter pylori.

Ngenxa yokwehla kwenani leoksijini ejikelezayo emzimbeni, kuqhelekile ukuba umntu azive ediniwe, ebuthathaka kunye nokulala kakhulu, umzekelo. Funda ukuqaphela iimpawu zokunqongophala kwe-anemia.

Kwenziwe ntoni: Ngokukhawuleza nje ukuba ugqirha uqinisekisa ukuba yi-anemia yokunqongophala kwe-iron, olunye uvavanyo lunokucetyiswa ukuze kuchongwe unobangela. Kuxhomekeka kwisizathu, utshintsho kwindlela otya ngayo inokuboniswa, kunikwe ukuthanda ukutya okuqulathe isixa esikhulu sesinyithi, njengenyama ebomvu kunye neembotyi, umzekelo, okanye ukusetyenziswa kwezixhasi zentsimbi, ekufuneka zisetyenziswe ngokwesindululo. kugqirha.

2. Thalassemia

I-Thalassemia sisifo semfuza esibangelwa lutshintsho olubangela utshintsho kwinkqubo yokuhlanganiswa kwehemoglobin, ekhokelela ekubonakaleni kweeseli ezibomvu zegazi, kuba kuncinci ukujikeleza kwehemoglobin ekhoyo. Ukongeza, ngenxa yexabiso elisezantsi lokujikeleza kweoksijini, umongo wethambo uqala ukuvelisa iiseli ezibomvu zegazi ukuzama ukonyusa ukuthathwa kweoksijini, nayo ekhokelela kwimicrocytosis.

Ngokwe-hemoglobin chain eyayine-synthesis alteration, iimpawu ze-thalassemia zinokuba nzima okanye zingaphantsi, nangona kunjalo, ngokubanzi, abantu abane-thalassemia banokudinwa kakhulu, ubuthathaka, i-pallor kunye nokufutshane, ukuphefumla, umzekelo.

Kwenziwe ntoni: I-Thalassemia sisifo esifa singenanyango, kodwa endaweni yoko silawula, kwaye, ke, unyango lujolise ekunciphiseni iimpawu kunye nokuthintela ukuqhubela phambili kwesifo, ukongeza ekukhuthazeni umgangatho wobomi kunye nemvakalelo yempilo-ntle. Ngokwesiqhelo, utshintsho kwindlela otya ngayo luyacetyiswa, kwaye kubalulekile ukuba umntu akhatshwe yingcali yesondlo, ukongeza kutofelo-gazi. Qonda ukuba luyintoni unyango lwe-thalassemia.

3. I-anemia ye-Sideroblastic

I-Sideroblastic anemia ibonakaliswa kukusetyenziswa gwenxa kwesinyithi ukuvelisa i-hemoglobin, nokuba izixa zentsimbi emzimbeni ziqhelekile, neziphumela kwi-hypochromia. Ngenxa yokusetyenziswa gwenxa kwe-ayoni, kukho i-hemoglobin encinci kwaye, ngenxa yoko, ijikeleza ioksijini, ekhokelela ekubonakaleni kweempawu ze-anemia, ezinjengokudinwa, ukuba buthathaka, isiyezi kunye nepallor.

Ukongeza kuhlalutyo lwe-hemogram, ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuxilongwa kwe-sideroblastic anemia, kubalulekile ukugcina igazi phantsi kwe-microscope ukuze kuchongwe ubukho be-sideroblasts, ezizinto ezifanayo ezinokubonakala ngaphakathi kweeseli ezibomvu zegazi ngenxa Ukuqokelelwa kweentsimbi egazini, ii-erythroblast, eziziiseli ezibomvu zegazi. Funda ngakumbi malunga ne-sideroblastic anemia.

Kwenziwe ntoni: Unyango lwe-sideroblastic anemia lwenziwa ngokobukhulu besifo, kwaye ukongezwa kwe-vitamin B6 kunye ne-folic acid kunokucetyiswa ngugqirha kwaye, kwiimeko ezinzima kakhulu, kunokucetyiswa ukufakelwa komongo wethambo.