I-14 yeeNootropics eziGqwesileyo kunye neziyobisi eziPhononongiweyo - Isondlo

Umbhali: Laura McKinney

Umhla Wokudalwa: 2 Utshazimpuzi 2021

Hlaziya Umhla: 1 Etimnga 2024

I-14 yeeNootropics eziGqwesileyo kunye neziyobisi eziPhononongiweyo - Isondlo

Umxholo

1. Icaffeine
2. I-L-Theanine
3. Yila
4. IBacopa Monnieri
5. URhodiola Rosea
6. IPanax Ginseng
7. UGinkgo Biloba
8. Inikotini
9. Noopept
10. IPiracetam
11. IPhenotropil
12. IModafinil (iProvigil)
13. Ii-amphetamines (iAdderall)
14. IMethylphenidate (Ritalin)
Umgca osezantsi
9. Noopept
10. IPiracetam
11. IPhenotropil
12. IModafinil (iProvigil)
13. Ii-amphetamines (iAdderall)
14. IMethylphenidate (Ritalin)
Umgca osezantsi

I-Nootropics kunye neziyobisi ezi-smart zizinto zendalo okanye zokwenziwa ezinokuthi zithathwe ukuphucula ukusebenza kwengqondo kubantu abasempilweni.

Bafumene ukuthandwa kuluntu lwanamhlanje olunokhuphiswano kwaye zihlala zisetyenziselwa ukukhulisa inkumbulo, ukugxila, ubuchule, ubukrelekrele kunye nenkuthazo.

Nanku ukukhangela kwii-nootropics ezilungileyo ze-14 kunye nendlela abaphucula ngayo ukusebenza.

1. Icaffeine

ICaffeine yeyona nto isetyenziswa kakhulu kwihlabathi ().

Ngokuqhelekileyo kufumaneka kwikofu, i-cocoa, itiye, i-kola nut kunye ne-guarana kwaye yongezwa kwi-sodas ezininzi, iziphuzo zamandla kunye neyeza. Inokuthathwa njengesongezelelo, nokuba sisodwa okanye ngokudityaniswa nezinye izinto ().

ICaffeine isebenza ngokuthintela ii-adenosine receptors kwingqondo yakho, ikwenza uzive ungadinwanga ().

I-caffeine ephantsi ukuya kumodareyitha yokuthatha i-40-300 mg yonyusa ukuphaphama kwakho kunye nengqwalaselo kunye nokunciphisa ixesha lokuphendula kwakho. Ezi dosi zisebenza ngokukodwa kubantu abadiniweyo (,,).

Isishwankathelo I-Caffeine yimichiza eyenzeka ngokwendalo eyonyusa ukuphaphama kwakho, ephucula ingqalelo yakho kunye nokunciphisa amaxesha akho okusabela.

2. I-L-Theanine

I-L-theanine yinto eyenzeka ngokwemvelo kwi-amino acid efumaneka kwiti, kodwa inokuthathwa njengesongezelelo ().

Izifundo ezininzi zibonise ukuba ukuthatha i-200 mg ye-L-theanine kunesiphumo sokuthomalalisa, ngaphandle kokubangela ukozela (,).

Ukuthatha i-50 mg nje-isixa esifunyenwe kwiikomityi ezimbini zeti ephekiweyo- kufunyenwe ukonyusa amaza e-alpha kwingqondo, enxulunyaniswe nobuchule ().

I-L-theanine isebenza ngakumbi xa uthatha icaffeine. Ngesi sizathu, zihlala zisetyenziswa kunye kwizongezelelo zokuphucula ukusebenza. Ngaphezu, zombini ngokwendalo zifumaneka iti (,).

Isishwankathelo I-L-theanine yi-amino acid efumaneka kwiti enokunyusa iimvakalelo zokuzola kwaye inokunxulunyaniswa nobuchule bokuyila. Ukusebenza kwayo kukhulu ngakumbi xa kudityaniswe ne-caffeine.

3. Yila

I-Creatine yi-amino acid, ethi isetyenziswe ngumzimba wakho ukwenza iproteni.

Sisongezo esidumileyo sokwakha umzimba esikhuthaza ukukhula kwemisipha kodwa sikwanceda kwingqondo yakho.

Emva kokuba ityiwe, i-creatine ingena kwingqondo yakho apho ibopha khona nge-phosphate, isenza imolekyuli esetyenziswa yingqondo yakho ukukhawulezisa iiseli zayo (11).

Oku kwanda kokufumaneka kwamandla kwiiseli zakho zobuchopho kunxulunyaniswa nokuphuculwa kwenkumbulo yexesha elifutshane kunye nezakhono zokuqiqa, ngakumbi kwimifuno kunye nabantu abanoxinzelelo kakhulu (,,).

Izifundo zibonisa ukuba kukhuselekile ukuthatha iigrama ezi-5 zomdali ngosuku ngaphandle kweziphumo ezibi. Iidosi ezinkulu nazo ziyasebenza, kodwa uphando kukhuseleko lwexesha elide alufumaneki ().

Isishwankathelo I-Creatine yi-amino acid enokuphucula imemori yexesha elifutshane kunye nezakhono zokuqiqa. Kusebenza kakhulu kubantu abatya inyama kunye nabantu abanoxinzelelo. Iidosi ze-5 gram ngemini zibonisiwe ukuba zikhuselekile kwixesha elide.

4. IBacopa Monnieri

Bacopa yemoniyeri iyeza lasendulo elisetyenziselwa amayeza e-Ayurvedic ukuphucula ukusebenza kwengqondo.

Izifundo ezininzi zikufumene oko Bacopa yemoniyeri izongezo zinokukhawulezisa ukuqhubekeka kolwazi kwingqondo yakho, ukunciphisa amaxesha okuphendula kunye nokuphucula inkumbulo (,,).

Bacopa yemoniyeri iqulethe iikhompawundi ezisebenzayo ezibizwa ngokuba zi-bacosides, ezikhusela ingqondo yakho kuxinzelelo lwe-oxidative kunye nokuphucula ukusayina kwihippocampus yakho, indawo yengqondo yakho apho iinkumbulo zenziwa khona ().

Iziphumo ze Bacopa yemoniyeri aziveki kwangoko. Ke ngoko, amathamo e-300-600 mg kufuneka athathwe kangangeenyanga ezininzi ukuze afumane inzuzo (,).

IsishwankatheloBacopa yemoniyeri sisongezo semifuno esibonakalise ukuphucula inkumbulo kunye nokusebenza kolwazi xa kuthathwa iinyanga ezininzi.

5. URhodiola Rosea

I-Rhodiola rosea sisixhobo se-adaptogenic esinceda umzimba wakho ukusingatha uxinzelelo ngokufanelekileyo.

Izifundo ezininzi zikufumene oko URhodiola rosea izongezo zinokuphucula imeko kunye nokunciphisa ukudinwa kubantu abaxhalabileyo nabanoxinzelelo kakhulu (,).

Ukuthatha amathamo amancinci emihla ngemihla URhodiola rosea ibonakalisiwe ukunciphisa ukudinwa kwengqondo kunye nokunyusa iimvakalelo zokuphila kwabafundi beekholeji ngexesha loxinzelelo lweemviwo ().

Uphando oluthe kratya luyafuneka ukumisela i-dosing efanelekileyo kunye nokuqonda ngcono ukuba iyeza liyibangela njani le miphumo.

IsishwankatheloURhodiola rosea iyeza lendalo elinokukunceda umzimba wakho ukuba uqhele amaxesha oxinzelelo oluphezulu kunye nokunciphisa ukudinwa kwengqondo okuhambelana noko.

6. IPanax Ginseng

IPanax ginseng Ingcambu sisityalo samandulo samayeza esisetyenziselwa ukukhulisa ukusebenza kwengqondo.

Ukuthatha idosi enye ye-200-400 mg ye IPanax ginseng ibonakalisiwe ukunciphisa ukudinwa kwengqondo kunye nokuphucula ngokubonakalayo ukusebenza kwimisebenzi enzima njengeengxaki zezibalo zengqondo (,,).

Nangona kunjalo, akucaci ukuba kanjani IPanax ginseng yonyusa ukusebenza kwengqondo. Isenokuba ngenxa yeempembelelo zayo ezinamandla ezichasayo, ezinceda ukukhusela ingqondo yakho kuxinzelelo lwe-oxidative kunye nokwenza ngcono umsebenzi wayo ().

Olunye uphononongo lwexesha elide lufumanise ukuba umzimba wakho unokuziqhelanisa ne-ginseng, uwenze ungasebenzi kakuhle emva kweenyanga zokusebenzisa. Ke ngoko, uphando oluninzi luyafuneka kwiziphumo zexesha elide ze-nootropic ().

Isishwankathelo Amanani ngamanye amaxesha IPanax ginseng inokunceda ukuphucula ukusebenza kwengqondo, kodwa uphando oluthe kratya luyafuneka ekusebenzeni kwexesha elide.

7. UGinkgo Biloba

Izicatshulwa ezivela kumagqabi we UGinkgo biloba Umthi unokuba nefuthe elihle kwingqondo yakho.

UGinkgo biloba izongezo zibonisiwe ukuphucula imemori kunye nokusebenza kwengqondo kubantu abadala abasempilweni xa bethathwa yonke imihla iiveki ezintandathu (,,).

Ukuthatha UGinkgo biloba ngaphambi komsebenzi oxineke kakhulu kunciphisa uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu kunye nokunciphisa amanqanaba e-cortisol, uhlobo loxinzelelo lwehomoni ().

Kucingelwa ukuba ezinye zezi zibonelelo zinokubangelwa kukunyuka kokuhamba kwegazi ukuya kwingqondo emva kokuncedisa UGinkgo biloba ().

Ngelixa ezi ziphumo zithembisa, ayizizo zonke izifundo ezibonise iziphumo eziluncedo. Olunye uphando luyafuneka ukuqonda ngcono izibonelelo ezinokubakho ze UGinkgo biloba kwingqondo yakho ().

Isishwankathelo Olunye uphando lubonisa ukuba UGinkgo biloba Inokuphucula inkumbulo kunye nokusebenza kwengqondo kwaye kunokuba luncedo kwiimeko zoxinzelelo. Nangona kunjalo, uphando oluthe kratya luyafuneka.

8. Inikotini

Inikotini yimichiza eyenzeka ngokwendalo efumaneka kwizityalo ezininzi, ngakumbi icuba. Yenye yeekhompawundi ezenza icuba libe likhoboka kangaka.

Ingasetyenziswa nge-nicotine gum okanye ifunxwe ngesikhumba sakho nge-nicotine patch.

Izifundo zibonisa ukuba inicotine inokuba neziphumo ze-nootropic, ezinje ngokulumka okuphuculweyo kunye nokuqwalaselwa, ngakumbi kubantu abanolwazelelelo lwendalo (,).

Kufunyenwe kuphucula ukusebenza kweemoto. Ngaphezu koko, ukuhlafuna intshongo kunxulunyaniswa nesantya esingcono sokubhala nokubhala ().

Nangona kunjalo, le nto inokuba likhoboka kwaye iyabulala kwiidosi eziphezulu, ke ulumkiso luyafuneka ().

Ngenxa yomngcipheko wokuba likhoboka, i-nicotine ayikhuthazwa. Nangona kunjalo, ukusetyenziswa kwenicotine kufanelekile ukuba uzama ukuyeka ukutshaya.

Isishwankathelo Inikotini yimichiza eyenzeka ngokwendalo ekhulisa ukuphapha, ukujonga kunye nokusebenza kwemoto. Nangona kunjalo, ikhoboka kwaye inetyhefu kwiidosi eziphezulu.

9. Noopept

I-Noopept sisiyobisi sokwenziwa esinokuthengwa njengesongezelelo.

Ngokungafaniyo nezinye ze-nootropics zendalo, iimpembelelo zeNoopept zinokuviwa ngaphakathi kwemizuzu, kuneeyure, iintsuku okanye iiveki, kwaye zihlala zihlala iiyure ezininzi (,).

Izifundo zezilwanyana zibonise ukuba i-Noopept ikhawulezisa ngokukhawuleza ukuba ubuchopho benza njani kwaye iphinde ifumane iinkumbulo ngokwandisa amanqanaba e-neurotrophic factor (BDNF), ikhompawundi ekhuthaza ukukhula kweeseli zengqondo (,,).

Uphando lomntu lufumanise ukuba eli chiza libukhali linceda abantu ukuba bachache ngokukhawuleza ekulimaleni kwengqondo, kodwa kufuneka izifundo ezingaphezulu zokuqonda ukuba inokusetyenziswa njani njenge-nootropic kubantu abadala abasempilweni (,).

Isishwankathelo I-Noopept isebenza ngokukhawuleza, i-nootropic yokwenziwa enokuphucula imemori ngokwandisa amanqanaba e-BDNF kwingqondo yakho. Nangona kunjalo, uphando olwenziwe ngabantu luyafuneka.

10. IPiracetam

IPiracetam yenye yemolekyuli yokwenziwa ye-nootropic efana kakhulu neNoopept kulwakhiwo kunye nokusebenza.

Kubonakalisiwe ukuphucula inkumbulo kubantu abanokwehla kwengqondo okunxulumene nobudala kodwa kubonakala ngathi akunasibonelelo kubantu abadala abasempilweni (,).

Ngexesha le-1970s, uphononongo oluncinci, olungelwanga kakuhle lwacebisa ukuba i-piracetam inokuphucula imemori kubantu abadala abasempilweni, kodwa ezi ziphumo aziphindaphindwanga (,,).

Nangona i-piracetam ifumaneka ngokubanzi kwaye ikhuthazwa njengechiza elibukhali, uphando ngeziphumo zalo luyasilela.

Isishwankathelo IPiracetam ithengiswa njengesongezo se-nootropic, kodwa uphando oluxhasa ukusebenza kwayo luyasilela.

11. IPhenotropil

I-Phenotropil, ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-phenylpiracetam, sisiyobisi esisebenzayo esisebenzayo esifumaneka ngokubanzi njengesongezelelo se-counter-the-counter.

Kuyafana nokwakheka kwepiracetam kunye neNoopept kwaye kunceda ingqondo ukuba iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde yenzeke (,,).

Olunye uphononongo kwiigundane lufumanise ukuba inkumbulo ye-phenotropil eyonyuswe kancinci, kodwa uphando lokuxhasa ukusetyenziswa kwayo njengechiza elinobuchule kubantu abadala abasempilweni alufumaneki ().

Isishwankathelo I-Phenotropil ithengiswa njengechiza elilumkileyo, kodwa uphando olubonisa ukuphucula imemori kubantu abadala abasempilweni alufumaneki.

12. IModafinil (iProvigil)

Ihlala ithengiswa phantsi kwegama lophawu lweProvigil, imodafinil sisiyobisi esigqirha esisetyenziselwa ukunyanga isifo sokuqaqanjelwa sisifo, imeko ebangela ukozela okungalawulekiyo).

Iziphumo zalo ezikhuthazayo ziyafana nezo zeamphetamines okanye icocaine. Nangona kunjalo, izifundo zezilwanyana zibonisa ukuba kunomngcipheko omncinci wokuxhomekeka (,).

Izifundo ezininzi zibonise ukuba i-modafinil iyazinciphisa kakhulu iimvakalelo zokudinwa kwaye iphucula inkumbulo kubantu abadala abangalaliyo (,,).

Ikwonyusa ukusebenza kwesigqeba, okanye ukubanakho ukulawula ngokufanelekileyo ixesha lakho kunye nezixhobo ukufezekisa iinjongo zakho ().

Ngelixa i-modafinil ibonakala ineempembelelo ezinamandla ze-nootropic, ifumaneka kuphela ngommiselo kumazwe amaninzi.

Nokuba umiselwe, kubalulekile ukuba usebenzise eli chiza ngokufanelekileyo ukuthintela iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga.

Nangona i-modafinil ithathwa ngokuba ayingomlutha, iimeko zokuxhomekeka kunye nokurhoxa zixeliwe kwiidosi eziphezulu (,).

Isishwankathelo I-Modafinil sisiyobisi esikhutshwa ngugqirha esinokunciphisa ukozela kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kwengqondo kubantu abadala abasempilweni, ngakumbi abo baleleyo. Nangona kunjalo, kufuneka kuthathwe kuphela njengoko kumiselwe.

13. Ii-amphetamines (iAdderall)

I-Adderall sisiyobisi sonyango esinee-amphetamines ezikhuthaza kakhulu.

Kuqheleke kakhulu ukumiselwa ukunyanga ukungahambi kakuhle kwengqondo (ADHD) kunye ne-narcolepsy, kodwa iya isiba ngokuthathwa ngabantu abadala abasempilweni ukuphucula ingqalelo kunye nokugxila ().

I-Adderall isebenza ngokwandisa ukubakho kweekhemikhali zobuchopho zedopamine kunye ne-noradrenaline ngaphakathi kwecortex yakho yangaphambili, indawo yengqondo elawula imemori yokusebenza, ingqalelo kunye nokuziphatha ().

Ii-amphetamines ezifumaneka e-Adderall zenza ukuba abantu bazive bephaphile, bethobile kwaye benethemba. Zinciphisa ukutya ().

Ukuphononongwa kwezifundo ezingama-48 kufumanise ukuba i-Adderall ibaphucule kakhulu ubuchule babantu bokulawula indlela abaziphethe ngayo kunye nememori yexesha elifutshane ().

Kuxhomekeke kwidosi kunye nohlobo lwepilisi ebekiweyo, iziphumo zihlala ukuya kuthi ga kwiiyure ezili-12 ().

Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba la machiza awanazo iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga.

I-Adderall ixhatshazwa gwenxa kwiikholeji zekholeji, kunye nophando oluthile olubonisa ukuba ukuya kuthi ga kwiipesenti ezingama-43 zabafundi basebenzisa iziyobisi ezikhuthazayo ngaphandle kommiselo ().

Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zokuxhatshazwa kuka-Adderall zibandakanya uxinzelelo, ukuqhuba ngesondo okuphantsi kunye nokubila ().

Ukuzonwabisa ngokuxhaphaza i-Adderall nako kunokubangela iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezimandundu, njengokuhlaselwa kwentliziyo, ngakumbi xa kuxutywe notywala (,,).

Ubungqina bokuba i-Adderall inyusa ukusebenza kwengqondo bomelele, kodwa kufuneka kuthathwe kuphela njengoko kumiselwe.

Isishwankathelo I-Adderall ayifumaneki ngaphandle kommiselo kodwa iyavela ukuphucula ukusebenza kwengqondo kubantu abadala abasempilweni kunye nalabo abane-ADHD.

14. IMethylphenidate (Ritalin)

URitalin lelinye ichiza elisetyenziselwa ukulawula iimpawu ze-ADHD kunye narcolepsy.

NjengoAdderall, iyakhuthaza kwaye yonyusa ukugxila kwe-dopamine kunye ne-noradrenaline kwingqondo yakho. Nangona kunjalo, ayiqulathanga amphetamines ().

Kubantu abadala abasempilweni, uRitalin uphucula inkumbulo yexesha elifutshane, isantya sokwenza ulwazi kunye nokuqwalaselwa (,).

Kuqhelekile ukunyamezeleka, kodwa kunokuba nefuthe elichaseneyo kunye nokuphazamisa ukucinga ukuba kuthathwe idosi egqithisileyo ().

NjengoAdderall, uRitalin uxhatshazwa ngokubanzi, ngakumbi ngabantu abaneminyaka eyi-18-25 ().

Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezixhaphakileyo zeRitalin zibandakanya ukuphuthelwa, isisu esibuhlungu, intloko ebuhlungu kunye nokuphelelwa ngumdla wokutya ().

Inokubangela nemibono, isifo sengqondo, ukuxhuzula, intliziyo arrhythmias kunye noxinzelelo lwegazi, ngakumbi xa kuthathwa ngeedosi eziphezulu (,,,).

URitalin sisikhuthazi esinamandla ekufuneka sithathwe kuphela njengoko kumiselwe kwaye sibekwe iliso kufutshane ekuphatheni gadalala.

Isishwankathelo URitalin sisiyobisi esikrelekrele esenza ukuba kulungiswe ulwazi, imemori kunye nokuqwalaselwa. Ifumaneka kuphela ngommiselo.

Umgca osezantsi

I-Nootropics kunye neziyobisi ezi-smart zibhekisa kwizinto zendalo, zokwenziwa kunye nonyango eziqinisa ukusebenza kwengqondo.

Amachiza amiselweyo amiselweyo, anje ngeAdderall kunye neRitalin, aneyona miphumo ibalulekileyo kwimemori nakwingqwalaselo.

Izongezo ze-nootropic ezenziwayo ezinje ngeNoopept kunye nepiracetam ziyafumaneka ngokubanzi, kodwa uphando malunga nokusebenza kwabo kubantu abadala abasempilweni luyasilela.

Uninzi lwee-nootropics zendalo zisetyenziselwa unyango olungelolunye, kodwa iimpembelelo zazo zihlala zikhohlakala kwaye zisebenza kancinci. Ngamanye amaxesha zithathwa ngokudibeneyo ukonyusa ukusebenza kwazo.

Ukusetyenziswa kwe-nootropics kunye neziyobisi ezi-smart kuyanda kuluntu lwanamhlanje, kodwa uphando oluninzi luyafuneka ukuqonda ngcono izibonelelo zabo.