Uvavanyo lwe-Osteoporosis kunye noNyango

Umxholo

• Ngawaphi amanyathelo okuchonga isifo samathambo?
• Ukuthatha imbali yezonyango
• Ukwenza uvavanyo lomzimba
• Ukuvavanywa koxinzelelo lwethambo
• Ukwenza uvavanyo lwegazi kunye nomchamo
• Usebenza njani uvavanyo lokuxinana kwamaminerali?
• Buphi ubungozi bovavanyo lokuchonga isifo samathambo?
• Ndizilungiselela njani iimvavanyo zokuchonga isifo samathambo?
• Iyintoni imbonakalo emva kokuchongwa kwamathambo?

Yintoni iOsteoporosis?

I-Osteoporosis yimeko eyenzeka xa umntu efumana ilahleko enkulu yethambo. Oku kubangela ukuba amathambo abuthathaka ngakumbi kwaye athambekele ekophuka. Igama elithi “osteoporosis” lithetha “ithambo elinomhlwa.”

Imeko ihlala ichaphazela abantu abadala kwaye inokubangela ukulahleka kobude ekuhambeni kwexesha.

Ngawaphi amanyathelo okuchonga isifo samathambo?

Ukuchonga i-osteoporosis kufuna amanyathelo aliqela. Ugqirha uya kuvavanya ngokupheleleyo umngcipheko we-osteoporosis kunye nomngcipheko wokwaphuka. Amanyathelo okuchonga i-osteoporosis abandakanya oku kulandelayo:

Ukuthatha imbali yezonyango

Ugqirha uya kubuza imibuzo enxulumene nemingcipheko ye-osteoporosis. Imbali yosapho ye-osteoporosis yonyusa umngcipheko. Izinto zokuphila, kubandakanya ukutya, ukwenza umthambo, ukusela, kunye nokutshaya kunokuchaphazela umngcipheko wakho. Ugqirha uya kujonga kwakhona imeko zonyango onazo kunye namayeza onokuthi uwathathe. Iimpawu ze-osteoporosis ukuba ugqirha wakho uya kukubuza malunga nokubandakanya nakuphi na ukwaphuka kwamathambo okwenzekileyo, imbali yobuhlungu beqolo, ukulahleka kobude ekuhambeni kwexesha, okanye imeko yokugoba.

Ukwenza uvavanyo lomzimba

Ugqirha uya kulinganisa ubude bomntu kwaye athelekise oku nemilinganiselo yangaphambili. Ukuphakama kobude kunokubonisa i-osteoporosis. Ugqirha wakho unokucela ukuba unobunzima bokunyuka kwindawo yokuhlala ngaphandle kokusebenzisa iingalo zakho ukuzinyusa. Banokwenza uvavanyo lwegazi ukuvavanya amanqanaba akho e-vitamin D, kunye nolunye uvavanyo lwegazi ukumisela umsebenzi opheleleyo weethambo. Umsebenzi we-Metabolic unokunyuswa kwimeko ye-osteoporosis.

Ukuvavanywa koxinzelelo lwethambo

Ukuba ugqirha ugqiba ukuba usengozini ye-osteoporosis, unokufumana uvavanyo lokuxinana kwethambo. Umzekelo oqhelekileyo kukuvavanywa kwamandla kwe-X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). Olu vavanyo lubuhlungu, olukhawulezayo lusebenzisa imifanekiso yeX-reyi ukulinganisa uxinano lwethambo kunye nomngcipheko wokwaphuka.

Ukwenza uvavanyo lwegazi kunye nomchamo

Iimeko zonyango zinokubangela ukulahleka kwethambo. Oku kubandakanya ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwe-parathyroid kunye ne-thyroid. Ugqirha unokwenza uvavanyo lwegazi kunye nomchamo ukukhupha oku. Ukuvavanywa kunokugubungela amanqanaba e-calcium, umsebenzi we-thyroid kunye namanqanaba e-testosterone emadodeni.

Usebenza njani uvavanyo lokuxinana kwamaminerali?

Ngokwe-Radiological Society yaseNyakatho Melika (i-RSNA), iskena se-DEXA ngumgangatho wokulinganisa uxinano lwamathambo omntu kunye nomngcipheko we-osteoporosis. Olu vavanyo lubuhlungu lusebenzisa ii-X-ray ukulinganisa uxinano lwethambo.

Itekhnoloji ye-radiation yenza iskena se-DEXA isebenzisa isixhobo esisembindini okanye esisecaleni. Isixhobo esiphambili sisetyenziswa kakhulu esibhedlele okanye kwiofisi kagqirha. Umntu ulala phezu kwetafile ngelixa iskena sisetyenziselwa ukulinganisa ubungakanani kunye nokuqina kwethambo lomqolo.

Isixhobo esisecaleni sisetyenziswa ngokuxhaphakileyo kwimiboniso yezempilo okanye kwiikhemesti. Oogqirha babiza uvavanyo lweparipheral "iimvavanyo zokuhlola." Isixhobo sincinci kwaye sinjengebhokisi. Unokubeka unyawo okanye ingalo kwiskena ukulinganisa ubunzima bamathambo.

Ngokwe-RSNA, uvavanyo luthatha naphi na ukusuka kwimizuzu eli-10 ukuya kwengama-30 ukwenza. Oogqirha banokwenza uvavanyo olongezelelweyo olwaziwa ngokuba luvavanyo lwe-vertebral lateral (LVA). Kuba iintlungu zangasemva zombini ziimpawu eziqhelekileyo zokuqhekeka kwamathambo ukusuka kwi-osteoporosis kunye neempawu eziqhelekileyo, i-LVA iye yavavanywa ukumisela ukuba ingabanceda na oogqirha bahlule i-osteoporosis kwiintlungu ezingachazwanga. Olu vavanyo lusebenzisa oomatshini be-DEXA ukunceda ukumisela ukuba umntu sele enokwaphuka komqolo. Ukusetyenziswa kweklinikhi ngokubanzi kolu vavanyo kuvavanyo kunye nolawulo lwe-osteoporosis kuhlala kungumbango.

Iziphumo zokucinga ze-DEXA zibandakanya amanqaku amabini: amanqaku e-T kunye nenqaku le-Z. Amanqaku e-T athelekisa ubunzima bethambo lomntu kunye nomntu omdala osemncinci wesini esifanayo. Ngokwe-National Osteoporosis Foundation, amanqaku awela kula macandelo alandelayo:

• mkhulu kune -1: eqhelekileyo
• -1 ukuya ku-2,5: ubunzima bethambo obuphantsi (obubizwa ngokuba yi-osteopenia, imeko enokubakho ngaphambili kwi-osteoporosis)
• ngaphantsi kwe -2.5: ibonisa i-osteoporosis

Amanqaku e-Z athelekisa ukuxinana kwamathambo omntu kunye nabantu abakwiminyaka efanayo, isini, kunye nohlobo lomzimba luphela. Ukuba amanqaku akho eZ angaphantsi kwe - 2, enye into ngaphandle kokuguga okuqhelekileyo inokuba noxanduva lokuncipha kwamaminerali amathambo. Ukuvavanywa ngakumbi kunokuqinisekiswa.

Olu vavanyo lokuqonda isifo aluthethi ukuba uya kuba namava e-osteoporosis okanye ukwaphuka kwethambo. Endaweni yoko, banceda ugqirha wakho kuvavanyo lomngcipheko wakho. Baye babonisa ugqirha ukuba unyango olungaphezulu luyafuneka kwaye kufuneka kuxoxwe ngalo.

Buphi ubungozi bovavanyo lokuchonga isifo samathambo?

Ukuskena kwe-DEXA akulindelanga ukuba kubangele iintlungu. Nangona kunjalo, ibandakanya ukubonakaliswa kancinci kwemitha. Ngokwe-RSNA, ukubonakaliswa sisinye kwishumi se-X-ray yemveli.

Abasetyhini abanokukhulelwa banokucetyiswa ngokuchasene novavanyo. Ukuba kukho isibonakaliso somngcipheko ophezulu we-osteoporosis kumfazi okhulelweyo, unokufuna ukucinga ngokuxoxa ngeenzuzo kunye neengxaki zokuvavanywa kwe-DEXA kunye nogqirha wakhe.

Ndizilungiselela njani iimvavanyo zokuchonga isifo samathambo?

Awunyanzelekanga ukuba utye ukutya okhethekileyo okanye uyeke ukutya ngaphambi kovavanyo lwe-DEXA. Nangona kunjalo, ugqirha unokucebisa ukuba ayeke ukuthatha izongezo ze-calcium ngosuku ngaphambi kovavanyo.

Umntu wasetyhini kufuneka azise iX-ray technologist ukuba ngaba kunokwenzeka ukuba ukhulelwe. Ugqirha unokuluhlehlisa uvavanyo de kube semva kokuba usana luzelwe okanye acebise ngeendlela zokunciphisa ukubonakaliswa kwemitha.

Iyintoni imbonakalo emva kokuchongwa kwamathambo?

Oogqirha basebenzisa iziphumo zovavanyo ukwenza izindululo zonyango kubantu abane-osteopenia kunye ne-osteoporosis. Abanye abantu banokufuna ukwenza utshintsho kwindlela yokuphila. Abanye banokufuna amayeza.

Ngokwe-American College of Rheumatology, abantu abanamanqaku asezantsi oxinano lwamathambo banokufumana amanqaku ovavanyo lomngcipheko wokwaphuka (FRAX). Eli nqaku lixela kwangaphambili ukuba umntu uya kuba namava okwaphuka kwethambo kule minyaka ilishumi izayo. Oogqirha basebenzisa amanqaku e-FRAX kunye neziphumo zovavanyo lwe-mineral mineral (BMD) ukucebisa unyango.

La manqaku awathethi ukuba uya kuqhubela phambili ukusuka kwi-osteopenia ukuya kwi-osteoporosis okanye ufumane ukuphuka. Endaweni yoko, bakhuthaza iindlela zothintelo. Imizekelo ibandakanya:

• amanyathelo okuthintela ukuwa
• ukonyusa ikhalsiyam yokutya
• ukuthatha amayeza
• ukuyeka ukutshaya