Yonke into ekufuneka uyazi malunga noMhlaza wePancreatic

Umxholo

• Iimpawu zomhlaza wepancreatic
• Umhlaza wepancreatic ubangela
• Inqanaba lokusinda komhlaza wepancreatic
• Amanqanaba omhlaza wepancreatic
• Inqanaba lesifo somhlaza wepancreatic 4
• Inqanaba lesifo somhlaza wepancreatic 3
• Inqanaba lesifo somhlaza wepancreatic 2
• Unyango lomhlaza wepancreatic
• Ugqirha
• Unyango ngemitha
• Unyango ngamayeza
• Unyango ekujoliswe kulo
• Ukuxelwa ngumhlaza wepancreatic
• Ukuxilongwa komhlaza wepancreatic
• Ukulindela ubomi bomhlaza wepancreatic
• Ngaba umhlaza wepancreatic uyanyangeka?
• Umngcipheko womhlaza wepancreatic
• Utyando lomhlaza wepancreatic
• Iindidi zomhlaza wepancreatic
• Ipancreatic adenocarcinoma
• Izidumbu zepancreatic neuroendocrine (NETs)
• Uthintelo lomhlaza wepancreatic

Yintoni umhlaza wepancreatic?

Umhlaza wepancreatic uvela ngaphakathi kwezicubu zepancreas, elilungu elibalulekileyo le-endocrine ebekwe emva kwesisu. Ipancreas idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekwetyisweni ngokuvelisa ii-enzymes ezifunwa ngumzimba ukwetyisa amafutha, ii-carbohydrate kunye neeproteni.

Ipancreas ikwavelisa iihomoni ezimbini ezibalulekileyo: iglucagon kunye ne-insulin. Ezi hormone zinoxanduva lokulawula iswekile (iswekile) imetabolism. I-insulin inceda iiseli ukuba zenze i-glucose ukuba yenze amandla kunye ne-glucagon inceda ukuphakamisa amanqanaba e-glucose xa ephantsi kakhulu.

Ngenxa yokufumaneka kwepancreas, umhlaza wepancreatic kunokuba nzima ukuwubona kwaye uhlala ufunyaniswe kumanqanaba aphezulu esi sifo.

Ngokwe-American Cancer Society, umhlaza wepancreatic wenza malunga neepesenti ezi-3 zokuxilongwa komhlaza e-United States kunye neepesenti ezisi-7 zokufa komhlaza.

Iimpawu zomhlaza wepancreatic

Umhlaza wepancreatic uhlala ungazibonakalisi iimpawu de ufikelele kumanqanaba aphezulu esi sifo. Ngesi sizathu, akukho zimpawu zokuqala zomhlaza wepancreatic.

Nokuba umhlaza sele ukhulile, ezinye zeempawu ezixhaphakileyo zinokungabonakali. Ziquka:

• Ukuphelelwa ngumdla wokutya
• ukunciphisa umzimba ngempazamo
• isisu (isisu) okanye iintlungu ezisezantsi
• amahlwili egazi
• i-jaundice (ulusu olutyheli namehlo)
• ukudakumba

Umhlaza wepancreatic osasazekayo unokuzenza mandundu iimpawu ezikhoyo. Ukuba umhlaza usasazeka, unokufumana iimpawu kunye neempawu zomhlaza wepancreatic oqhubela phambili.

Umhlaza wepancreatic ubangela

Unobangela womhlaza wepancreatic awaziwa. Olu hlobo lomhlaza lwenzeka xa iiseli ezingaqhelekanga ziqala ukukhula ngaphakathi kwepancreas kwaye zenze amathumba.

Ngokwesiqhelo, iiseli ezisempilweni ziyakhula kwaye zife kumanani aphakathi. Kwimeko yomhlaza, kukho inani elonyukayo lemveliso engaqhelekanga yeseli, kwaye ezi seli ekugqibeleni zithatha iiseli ezisempilweni.

Ngelixa oogqirha nabaphandi bengazi ukuba yintoni ebangela utshintsho kwiiseli, bayazazi izinto eziqhelekileyo ezinokunyusa umngcipheko womntu wokukhulisa olu hlobo lomhlaza.

Ezona zinto zibalulekileyo zibeka emngciphekweni njengelifa ukutshintsha kwemfuza kunye nokufunyanwa kwemfuza. Imfuza ilawula indlela iiseli ezisebenza ngayo, ke utshintsho kwezo zofuzo lunokukhokelela kumhlaza.

Inqanaba lokusinda komhlaza wepancreatic

Inqanaba lokusinda yipesenti yokuba bangaphi abantu abanohlobo olufanayo kunye nenqanaba lomhlaza abasaphilayo emva kwexesha elithile. Eli nani alibonisi ukuba abantu bangaphila ixesha elingakanani. Endaweni yoko, iyanceda ukujonga ukuba unyango lomhlaza lunokuba yimpumelelo kangakanani.

Amanqanaba okusinda amaninzi anikwa njengepesenti yeminyaka emihlanu. Kubalulekile ukugcina engqondweni ukuba amazinga okusinda awaqinisekanga. Ukuba unemibuzo malunga nala manani, thetha nogqirha wakho.

Inqanaba lokusinda leminyaka emihlanu yomhlaza wepancreatic wendawo yi-34 yepesenti. Umhlaza wepancreatic walapha kwinqanaba le-0, 1, kunye ne-2.

Isantya seminyaka emihlanu sokusinda somhlaza wepancreatic wengingqi osasazeke kwizakhiwo ezikufuphi okanye kwii-lymph node ziipesenti ezili-12. Amanqanaba 2B kunye no-3 awela kolu luhlu.

Umhlaza wepancreatic ekude, okanye inqanaba lesine lomhlaza osasazeke kwezinye iisayithi ezinje ngemiphunga, isibindi, okanye amathambo, inezinga lokusinda leepesenti ezintathu.

Amanqanaba omhlaza wepancreatic

Xa kufunyenwe umhlaza wepancreatic, oogqirha baya kwenza uvavanyo olongezelelweyo ukuqonda ukuba okanye umhlaza usasazekile na. Ukulinganisa iimvavanyo, ezinje nge-PET scan, kunceda oogqirha bachonge ubukho bokukhula komhlaza. Uvavanyo lwegazi lunokusetyenziswa.

Ngale mvavanyo, oogqirha bazama ukuseka inqanaba lomhlaza. Ukulinganisa kunceda ukucacisa ukuba umhlaza uqhubele phambili kangakanani. Ikwanceda oogqirha babone iindlela zonyango abanokukhetha kuzo.

Nje ukuba kufunyaniswe isifo, ugqirha wakho uya kunika inqanaba ngokubhekisele kwiziphumo zovavanyo:

• Inqanaba 1: Amathumba akhona kwi-pancreas kuphela
• Inqanaba 2: amathumba asasazekile kwizicubu zesisu esikufutshane okanye kwii-lymph node
• Inqanaba lesithathu: umhlaza usasazeke kwimithambo yegazi kunye ne-lymph node
• Inqanaba 4: Amathumba athe saa kwamanye amalungu, njengesibindi

Inqanaba lesifo somhlaza wepancreatic 4

Inqanaba 4 Umhlaza wepancreatic usasazekile ngaphaya kwendawo yokuqala ukuya kwiindawo ezikude, njengezinye izitho, ingqondo, okanye amathambo.

Umhlaza wepancreatic uhlala ufunyanisiwe kweli nqanaba lihambileyo kuba kunqabile ukuba kubangele iimpawu de kube sele kunwenwele kwezinye iisayithi. Iimpawu onokuthi uzibone kweli nqanaba liphezulu zibandakanya:

• iintlungu kwisisu esingasentla
• intlungu emva
• ukudinwa
• i-jaundice (ukutyheli kolusu)
• Ukuphelelwa ngumdla wokutya
• ukuhla ukusinda
• ukudakumba

Inqanaba 4 Umhlaza wepancreatic awunakuphiliswa, kodwa unyango lunokuzinciphisa iimpawu kunye nokuthintela iingxaki zomhlaza. Ezi zonyango zingabandakanya:

• ichemotherapy
• Unyango lwentlungu
• Utyando lwe-bile duct
• I-bile duct stent
• uqhaqho olwenzeka esiswini

Inqanaba lokusinda leminyaka emihlanu kwinqanaba lesine lomhlaza wepancreatic yipesenti ezintathu.

Inqanaba lesifo somhlaza wepancreatic 3

Inqanaba lesi-3 Umhlaza wepancreatic sisifo esikwipancreas kwaye kusenokwenzeka ukuba ziindawo ezikufuphi, ezinjengee-lymph node okanye imithambo yegazi. Umhlaza wepancreatic kweli nqanaba awusasazekanga kwiindawo ezikude.

Umhlaza wepancreatic ubizwa ngokuba ngumhlaza ongathethiyo kuba awufumaneki de ube ufikelele kwinqanaba eliphezulu. Ukuba uneempawu zenqanaba lesithathu lomhlaza wepancreatic, unokufumana:

• intlungu emva
• iintlungu okanye ukuthamba kwisisu esingentla
• Ukuphelelwa ngumdla wokutya
• ukuhla ukusinda
• ukudinwa
• ukudakumba

Inqanaba 3 umhlaza wepancreatic kunzima ukuwunyanga, kodwa unyango lunokunceda ukuthintela ukusasazeka komhlaza kunye nokunciphisa iimpawu ezibangelwa lityum. Ezi zonyango zingabandakanya:

• utyando ukususa isahlulo zepancreas (inkqubo yeWhipple)
• iziyobisi ezichasene nomhlaza
• unyango lwemitha

Inqanaba lokusinda leminyaka emihlanu kwinqanaba lesithathu lomhlaza wepancreatic liipesenti ezi-3 ukuya kwezi-12.

Uninzi lwabantu abaneli nqanaba lomhlaza baya kuphinda babuye. Oko kusenokwenzeka ngenxa yokuba ii-micrometastases, okanye iindawo ezincinci zokukhula komhlaza ezingabonakaliyo, zisasazeke ngaphaya kwepancreas njengexesha lokufunyanwa.

Inqanaba lesifo somhlaza wepancreatic 2

Inqanaba 2 Umhlaza wepancreatic ngumhlaza ohlala kwiipancreas kwaye unokusasazeka kwii-lymph node ezimbalwa ezikufutshane. Ayisasazekanga kwizicubu ezikufutshane okanye kwimithambo yegazi, kwaye ayisasazekanga nakwezinye iindawo emzimbeni.

Umhlaza wepancreatic kunzima ukuwufumana kumanqanaba okuqala, kubandakanya inqanaba 2. Kungenxa yokuba akunakulindeleka ukuba kubangele iimpawu ezibonakalayo. Ukuba unempawu kweli nqanaba lokuqala, unokufumana:

• inyongo
• utshintsho kumbala womchamo
• iintlungu okanye ukuthamba kwisisu esingentla
• ukuhla ukusinda
• Ukuphelelwa ngumdla wokutya
• ukudinwa

Unyango lunokubandakanya:

• utyando
• imitha
• ichemotherapy
• unyango ekujoliswe kulo

Ugqirha wakho unokusebenzisa indibaniselwano yezi ndlela ukunceda ukunciphisa ithumba kunye nokuthintela i-metastases. Inqanaba lokusinda kweminyaka emihlanu yabantu abanesifo somhlaza wepancreatic wenqanaba 2 lijikeleze iipesenti ezingama-30.

Unyango lomhlaza wepancreatic

Unyango lomhlaza wepancreatic luxhomekeke kwinqanaba lomhlaza. Iinjongo ezimbini: ukubulala iiseli ezinomhlaza kunye nokuthintela ukusasazeka kwesi sifo.

Ukwehla kobunzima, ukukhubazeka kwamathumbu, iintlungu zesisu, kunye nokusilela kwesibindi zezinye zeengxaki eziqhelekileyo ngexesha lonyango lomhlaza wepancreatic.

Ugqirha

Isigqibo sokusebenzisa utyando ukunyanga umhlaza wepancreatic siza kwizinto ezimbini: indawo onayo umhlaza kunye nenqanaba lomhlaza. Utyando lunokususa zonke ezinye iinxalenye zepancreas.

Oku kunokususa ithumba lokuqala, kodwa akuyi kuwususa umhlaza osele usasazekile kwezinye iinxalenye zomzimba. Ugqirha alunakulungelwa kubantu abanomdlavuza wepancreatic kwinqanaba leso sizathu.

Unyango ngemitha

Olunye unyango olunokukhethwa kufuneka luhlolwe xa umhlaza usasazeka ngaphandle kwepancreas. Unyango lwe-radiation lusebenzisa i-X-ray kunye nezinye iipali zamandla aphezulu ukubulala iiseli zomhlaza.

Unyango ngamayeza

Ngamanye amaxesha, ugqirha wakho unokudibanisa ezinye iindlela zonyango kunye ne-chemotherapy, esebenzisa iziyobisi ezibulala umhlaza ukunceda ukukhusela ukukhula kweeseli zomhlaza.

Unyango ekujoliswe kulo

Olu hlobo lonyango lomhlaza lusebenzisa iziyobisi okanye amanye amanyathelo okujolisa ngqo kwiiseli zomhlaza kwaye zisebenze ukuzitshabalalisa. La machiza ayilelwe ukuba angonzakalisi iiseli ezinempilo okanye eziqhelekileyo.

Ukuxelwa ngumhlaza wepancreatic

Amaxabiso okusinda komhlaza wepancreatic aye aphucuka kumashumi eminyaka akutshanje. Uphando kunye nonyango olutsha lwandisa umyinge wokusinda kweminyaka emihlanu kubantu abafunyaniswe benomhlaza wepancreatic.

Nangona kunjalo, esi sifo sithathwa ngokuba sinzima ukunyanga. Ngenxa yokuba umhlaza wepancreatic uqobo awubangeli zimpawu de umhlaza ukwinqanaba eliphambili, amathuba okuba umhlaza usasazekile, okanye ugcotye, uphezulu. Oko kwenza ukuba kube nzima ukunyanga okanye ukuphelisa umhlaza.

Ukudibanisa amanye amanyathelo kunyango lwesintu kunokunceda ekuphuculeni umgangatho wobomi bakho. I-Yoga, ukucamngca, kunye nokuzivocavoca umzimba okulula kunokukhuthaza impilo-ntle kwaye uzive ungcono ngexesha lonyango.

Ukuxilongwa komhlaza wepancreatic

Ukuxilongwa kwangoko kukonyusa amathuba okubuyela kwimeko yesiqhelo. Kungenxa yoko le nto kungcono ukutyelela ugqirha wakho ukuba ufumana naziphi na iimpawu ezingayi kuhamba okanye ziphinde zenzeke rhoqo.

Ukwenza uxilongo, ugqirha wakho uya kujonga iimpawu kunye nembali yonyango. Banoku-odola kuvavanyo olunye okanye nangaphezulu ukujonga umhlaza wepancreatic, onje:

• I-CT okanye i-MRI iskena ukufumana umfanekiso ogcweleyo kunye neenkcukacha zepancreas
• i-endoscopic ultrasound, apho ityhubhu ecekeceke, eguqukayo enekhamera eqhotyoshelweyo ifakwe ezantsi esiswini ukufumana imifanekiso yepancreas
• i-biopsy, okanye isampuli yethishu, iipancreas
• Uvavanyo lwegazi ukufumanisa ukuba umakishi wethumba CA 19-9 ukhona, enokubonisa umhlaza wepancreatic

Ukulindela ubomi bomhlaza wepancreatic

Umhlaza wepancreatic yenye yeendlela ezibulala umhlaza- ngelishwa, uninzi lwezigulana alufumani ukuxilongwa de kube sele kusasazekile ngaphandle kwepancreas. Inqanaba lokusinda leminyaka emihlanu kuwo onke amabakala omhlaza wepancreatic liipesenti ezili-9.

Ukulandela zonke iingcebiso zikagqirha wakho kunokunceda ekuphuculeni amathuba akho okufumana kwakhona kunye nokusinda. Unokuthathela ingqalelo:

• I-enzyme yepancreatic yongeza ukuphucula ukwetyisa
• amayeza entlungu
• ukhathalelo olulandelayo, nokuba umhlaza ususwe ngempumelelo

Ngaba umhlaza wepancreatic uyanyangeka?

Umhlaza wepancreatic uyanyangeka, ukuba ubanjwe kwangethuba. Iindidi ezimbini zotyando, inkqubo yeWhipple okanye ipancreatectomy, inokususa isahlulo okanye yonke injeke. Oku kuya kulisusa ithumba lokuqala lomhlaza.

Ngelishwa, uninzi lomhlaza wepancreatic awufumaneki kwaye ufunyaniswe de umhlaza ukwinqanaba eliphambili kwaye usasazeke ngaphaya kwendawo yokuqala.

Ugqirha alunakulunga kwinqanaba lokugqibela lomhlaza wepancreatic. Ukuba umhlaza unwenwele nakwezinye iindawo zomzimba, ukususa ithumba okanye udakada akuyi kukunyanga. Olunye unyango kufuneka luqwalaselwe.

Umngcipheko womhlaza wepancreatic

Ngelixa unobangela wolu hlobo lomhlaza ungaziwa, kukho izinto ezithile zomngcipheko ezinokunyusa amathuba akho okuba nomhlaza wepancreatic. Unokuba semngciphekweni owandayo ukuba:

• ukutshaya icuba - iipesenti ezingama-30 zamatyala omhlaza ahambelana nokutshaya icuba
• batyebe kakhulu
• sukuzilolonga rhoqo
• yitya ukutya okunamafutha
• sela izixa ezikhulu zotywala
• unesifo seswekile
• sebenza ngamayeza okubulala izitshabalalisi kunye neekhemikhali
• Unokudumba okunganyangekiyo kwepancreas
• ube nomonakalo wesibindi
• ngabantu baseAfrika-baseMelika
• Unembali yosapho yomhlaza wepancreatic okanye ukuphazamiseka kwemfuza okunxibelelene nolu hlobo lomhlaza

I-DNA yakho inefuthe elikhulu kwimpilo yakho kunye neemeko onokuzihlakulela. Ungayidlala njengemfuza eya kuthi yonyuse umngcipheko womhlaza wepancreatic.

Utyando lomhlaza wepancreatic

Ukuba eli thumba lihlala livalekile kwi-pancreas, kunokucetyiswa utyando. Nokuba utyando okanye hayi kukukhetha kunokusekwe kwindawo ngqo yomhlaza.

Izidumba ezivalelwe "entloko nasentanyeni" zepancreas zinokususwa ngenkqubo ebizwa ngokuba yinkqubo yeWhipple (pancreaticoduodenectomy).

Kule nkqubo, inxalenye yokuqala, okanye "intloko" yepancreas kunye neepesenti ezingama-20 "zomzimba," okanye inxalenye yesibini, zisuswe. Isiqingatha esisezantsi se-bile duct kunye nenxalenye yokuqala yamathumbu nayo iyasuswa.

Kwinguqulelo elungisiweyo yolu tyando, inxenye yesisu nayo iyasuswa.

Iindidi zomhlaza wepancreatic

Zimbini iintlobo zomhlaza wepancreatic ezikhoyo:

Ipancreatic adenocarcinoma

Malunga neepesenti ezingama-95 zomhlaza wepancreatic zii-pancreatic adenocarcinomas. Olu hlobo lomhlaza wepancreatic lukhula kwiiseli zangaphandle zepancreas. Uninzi lweeseli kwiipancreas zezi seli ze-exocrine, ezenza ii-enzyme zepancreatic okanye ezenza imibhobho yepancreatic.

Izidumbu zepancreatic neuroendocrine (NETs)

Olu hlobo lungaqhelekanga lomhlaza wepancreatic lukhula kwiiseli ze-endocrine zepancreas. Ezi seli zinoxanduva lokwenza iihomoni, kubandakanya nezo zinceda ukulawula iswekile yegazi.

Uthintelo lomhlaza wepancreatic

Abaphandi kunye noogqirha abakaqondi ukuba yintoni ebangela umhlaza wepancreatic. Oko kukwathetha ukuba abazi amanyathelo onokuwathatha ukuthintela umhlaza wepancreatic.

Eminye yemingcipheko eyonyusa amathuba okuba uhlakulele olu hlobo lomhlaza ayinakutshintshwa. Oku kubandakanya isini sakho, ubudala, kunye ne-DNA.

Nangona kunjalo, utshintsho oluthile kwindlela yokuphila kunye neendlela zempilo ngokubanzi zinokunciphisa umngcipheko. Oku kubandakanya:

• Yeka ukutshaya: Ukutshaya kwandisa umngcipheko kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo zomhlaza, kubandakanya umhlaza wepancreatic.
• Sela kancinci: Ukusela kakhulu kunokuwonyusa umngcipheko wokudumba okungapheliyo kunye nomhlaza wepancreatic.
• Gcina ubunzima obusempilweni: Ukutyeba kakhulu okanye ukutyeba kakhulu yeyona nto iphambili emngciphekweni weentlobo ezahlukeneyo zomhlaza.