Uyithintela njani intsholongwane kagawulayo kumadoda abelana ngesondo namadoda: ukusebenzisa iikhondom, ukuvavanya, nokunye okuninzi

Umxholo

• Yaziswa
• Intsholongwane kaGawulayo
• Ezinye ii-STIs
• Vavanywa
• Thatha amanyathelo okukhusela
• Sebenzisa iikhondom kunye nezinto zokuthambisa
• Qonda umngcipheko ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zesini
• Gonya
• Ziphephe iimeko ezithile zentlalo
• Yazi imeko yeqabane
• Ukuthatha

Uthintelo lwe-HIV

Ukwazi umngcipheko onxulumene nokwabelana ngesondo kunye nokukhetha ezona ndlela zokuthintela kuhlala kubalulekile. Umngcipheko wokosulelwa yi-HIV kunye nezinye izifo ezosulela ngokwabelana ngesondo (STIs) mkhulu kumadoda abelana ngesondo namadoda kunabanye abantu.

Umngcipheko wokosulelwa yi-HIV kunye nezinye ii-STIs uyancipha ngokwaziswa, ukuvavanywa rhoqo, kunye nokuthatha amanyathelo okuzikhusela xa usabelana ngesondo, njengokusebenzisa iikhondom.

Yaziswa

Kubalulekile ukuqonda ubungozi bokuzibandakanya kwizenzo zesondo namanye amadoda ukukhusela ekufumaneni i-HIV.

Ngenxa yokuxhaphaka kwe-HIV phakathi kwamadoda abelana ngesondo namadoda, kunokwenzeka ukuba la madoda adibane neqabane eline-HIV xa kuthelekiswa nabanye abantu. Okwangoku, ukuhanjiswa kwe-HIV kunokwenzeka ngaphandle kwesini.

Intsholongwane kaGawulayo

Ngokwengxelo, iipesenti ezingama-70 zosulelo olutsha e-United States zenzeka phakathi kwamadoda abelana ngesondo namadoda. Nangona kunjalo, ayingawo onke la madoda aqondayo ukuba bayifumene intsholongwane- iCDC ithi umntu omnye kwabathandathu akayazi.

Intsholongwane kaGawulayo yimeko yezempilo engapheliyo enokudluliselwa kwimisebenzi yesondo okanye kwiinaliti ekwabelwana ngazo. Amadoda kubudlelwane bezesondo namanye amadoda anokuchaphazeleka kwi-HIV ngoku:

• igazi
• isidoda
• ulwelo lwangaphambi kwesidoda
• ulwelo olusisangqa

Ukuchazwa kwi-HIV kwenzeka xa unxibelelana nolwelo kufutshane neembumba. Oku kufumaneka ngaphakathi kwethanga, incanca, nomlomo.

Abantu abaphila ne-HIV banokuyilawula imeko yabo ngamayeza ee-antiretroviral athathwa yonke imihla. Ndibonisile ukuba umntu onamathela kunyango lwe-antiretroviral uyayinciphisa intsholongwane iye kumanqanaba angabonakaliyo egazini labo, ngoko ke abanakosulela i-HIV kwiqabane xa besabelana ngesondo.

Abantu abaneqabane elinayo i-HIV banokukhetha ukusebenzisa amayeza afana ne-pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) ukunciphisa amathuba abo okufumana intsholongwane. La mayeza ayacetyiswa nakwabo baye babelana ngesondo ngaphandle kwekhondom okanye baba ne-STI kwiinyanga ezintandathu ezidlulileyo. I-PrEP kufuneka ithathwe yonke imihla ukuze isebenze ngempumelelo.

Kukwakho amayeza kaxakeka umntu anokuwathatha xa ebekhe wabhencwa kwi-HIV - umzekelo, bafumene ukungasebenzi kwekhondomu okanye babelana ngenaliti nomntu one-HIV. Eli yeza laziwa ngokuba yi-post-exposure prophylaxis, okanye i-PEP. I-PEP kufuneka iqalwe kwiiyure ezingama-72 zokuvezwa. La mayeza ayafana nonyango lwe-antiretroviral, kwaye ke kufuneka athathwe ngendlela efanayo, nokuba kube kanye okanye kabini ngemini.

Ezinye ii-STIs

Ukongeza kwi-HIV, ezinye ii-STIs zinokudluliselwa phakathi kwamaqabane ezesondo ngokwabelana ngesondo okanye ukubamba ulusu olujikeleze amalungu esini sangasese. Zombini amadlozi kunye negazi zinokuhambisa izifo ezingumvuka wokwabelana ngesondo ngezifo

Zininzi ii-STIs, zonke zinempawu ezahlukeneyo. Iimpawu zisenokungasoloko zibakho, nto leyo eyenza kubenzima ukwazi ukuba umntu ufumene nini i-STI.

Ii-STIs zibandakanya:

• chlamydia
• ukuvuza ngaphantsi
• iherpes
• i-hepatitis B kunye ne-hepatitis C
• ipapillomavirus yabantu (HPV)
• igcushuwa

Umboneleli wezempilo uya kuxoxa ngeyona ndlela ingcono yokunyanga i-STI. Ukulawula i-STI kuyahluka ngokweemeko. Ukuba ne-STI enganyangekiyo kunokubeka umntu emngciphekweni omkhulu wokosulelwa yi-HIV.

Vavanywa

Kubalulekile ukuba amadoda abelana ngesondo namanye amadoda ukuba ahlolwe rhoqo i-HIV kunye nezinye ii-STIs. Oku kuyabanceda ukugcina impilo yabo kwaye kuthintele ukuhambisa nayiphi na kwezi meko kwiqabane lesondo.

Icebisa ukuba kuvavanyelwe ii-STIs rhoqo kwaye kube kanye ngonyaka nge-HIV. Umbutho ukwakhuthaza nabani na ozibandakanya kwizenzo zesondo kunye nomngcipheko wokubhengeza ukuba avavanywe rhoqo.

Unyango kwangoko emva kokuba kufunyenwe ukuba unayo nayiphi na i-STI inokuthintela okanye ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokuyithumela kwabanye.

Thatha amanyathelo okukhusela

Ulwazi malunga ne-HIV lunokunceda ukukhokela ekukhetheni ngokwesondo, kodwa kubalulekile ukuthatha amanyathelo othintelo ukunqanda ukosulelwa yi-HIV okanye enye i-STI ngexesha lokwabelana ngesondo.

Amanyathelo othintelo abandakanya:

• ukunxiba iikhondom nokusebenzisa izinto zokuthambisa
• Ukuqonda umngcipheko ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zesini
• ukukhusela kwizifo ezithile zesondo ngogonyo
• ukunqanda iimeko ezinokukhokelela ekukhetheni kakubi ngokwesondo
• ukwazi imeko yeqabane
• uthatha iPrEP

I-PrEP ngoku icetyiswa yi-US Preventive Services Task Force kubo bonke abantu abasemngciphekweni owandayo we-HIV.

Sebenzisa iikhondom kunye nezinto zokuthambisa

Iikhondom kunye nezinto zokuthambisa zibalulekile ukuthintela usulelo lwe-HIV.

Iikhondom zinceda ukuthintela ukosulelwa yi-HIV kunye nezinye ii-STI ngokuthintela ukutshintshiselana ngeencindi zomzimba okanye ukudibana kolusu nolusu. Iikhondom ezenziwe ngezinto zokwenziwa ezifana ne-latex zezona zithembekileyo. Ezinye iikhondom zokwenza izinto ziyafumaneka kwabo bagulayo kwi-latex.

Izinto zokuthambisa zithintela iikhondom ukuba zingaphuli okanye zingasebenzi kakuhle. Sebenzisa kuphela izinto zokuthambisa ezenziwe ngamanzi okanye nge-silicone. Sebenzisa iVaseline, into yokuthambisa, okanye ezinye izinto ezenziwe ngeoyile njengezithambisi kungakhokelela ekophulweni kwekhondom. Kulumkele izinto zokuthambisa nge-nonoxynol-9. Esi sithako sinokucaphukisa i-anus kwaye sandise amathuba okufumana i-HIV.

Qonda umngcipheko ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zesini

Ukwazi umngcipheko ngeentlobo ezahlukeneyo zesini kubaluleke ngakumbi kwabo bachaphazelekayo malunga nokufumana i-HIV. Gcina ukhumbula ukuba ezinye ii-STIs zinokudluliselwa kwiindidi ezininzi zesini, kubandakanya isondo lomlomo nelomlomo kunye nezinye ezingabandakanyi ulwelo lomzimba.

Kubantu abangenayo i-HIV, ukuba ngaphezulu (iqabane elifaka) ngexesha lokwabelana ngesondo ezimpundwini kunganciphisa amathuba okufumana i-HIV.Kukho umngcipheko omncinci wokudlulisela i-HIV ngokwabelana ngesondo ngomlomo, kodwa oku akusebenzi kwezinye ii-STIs. Ngelixa i-HIV ingenakusasazeka kwizenzo zesondo ezingabandakanyi ulwelo lomzimba, ezinye ii-STIs zinakho.

Gonya

Ukufumana ugonyo ngokuchasene nee-STIs ezifana ne-hepatitis A kunye ne-B kunye ne-HPV kukwayindlela yokukhusela. Thetha nomboneleli wezempilo malunga nokugonywa. Ukugonywa kwe-HPV kuyafumaneka kumadoda angaphantsi kweminyaka engama-26, nangona amanye amaqela ecebisa ngokugonya ukuya kuthi ga kuma-40 eminyaka.

Ziphephe iimeko ezithile zentlalo

Kubalulekile ukuthintela iimeko ezithile zentlalo, okanye ubuncinci uqaphele. Ukunxila kukusela utywala okanye ukusebenzisa iziyobisi kunokubangela ukuba wenze ukhetho olubi ngokwesondo.

Yazi imeko yeqabane

Abantu abasaziyo isimo seqabane labo banokunciphisa amathuba abo okufumana i-HIV okanye ezinye ii-STIs. Ukuvavanywa ngaphambi kokuzibandakanya kwisondo kunokunceda kule nto. Iikiti zokuvavanya ekhaya lukhetho olufanelekileyo kwiziphumo ezikhawulezayo.

Ukuthatha

Amadoda abelana ngesondo kunye nabesilisa banomngcipheko ophezulu wokufumana i-HIV, ngoko ke kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba bayazi ubungozi bezenzo zesondo ezingabandakanyi iindlela zokuthintela ukuhanjiswa kwe-HIV. Ukuvavanywa rhoqo kwe-STIs kunye namanyathelo othintelo ngexesha lokwabelana ngesondo nako kunokunceda ekugcineni impilo yesondo.