Oko Ufanele Ukwazi Ngomothuko

Umxholo

• Zithini iimpawu zokothuka?
• Yintoni ebangela ukothuka?
• Zeziphi ezona ntlobo ziphambili zothusayo?
• Umothuko othintelayo
• Umothuko weCardiogenic
• Umothuko osasazwayo
• Ukutshatyalaliswa kwe-Hypovolemic
• Ufumanisa njani umothuko?
• Ukujonga iimvavanyo
• Uvavanyo lwegazi
• Uphathwa njani umothuko?
• Unyango lokuqala
• Unyango
• Ngaba unokuphola ngokupheleleyo kukothuka?
• Ngaba ukothuka kungathintelwa?

Yintoni ukothuka?

Igama "ukothuka" linokubhekisa kwingqondo yengqondo okanye kuhlobo lomothuko womzimba.

Ukothuka kwengqondo kubangelwa sisiganeko esibuhlungu kwaye kukwabizwa ngokuba kukuphazamiseka koxinzelelo. Olu hlobo lothusayo lubangela impendulo eqinileyo yeemvakalelo kwaye kunokubangela iimpendulo zomzimba ngokunjalo.

Ukugxilwa kweli nqaku kukwizizathu ezininzi zokothuka komzimba.

Umzimba wakho ufumana ukothuka xa ungenalo igazi elaneleyo elijikeleza kwinkqubo yakho ukugcina amalungu kunye nezicubu zisebenza ngokufanelekileyo.

Ingabangelwa nakuphi na ukwenzakala okanye imeko echaphazela ukuhamba kwegazi emzimbeni wakho. Umothuko unokukhokelela kukusilela kwamalungu amaninzi kunye neengxaki ezisongela ubomi.

Zininzi iindidi zokothuka. Ziwa phantsi kweendidi ezine eziphambili, ngokusekwe kwinto echaphazele ukuphuma kwegazi. Ezi ndidi zine ziphambili zezi:

• Umothuko ophazamisayo
• ukothuka Cardiogenic
• ukothuka okwabiwayo
• ukothuka hypovolemic

Zonke iintlobo zothuka zisongela ubomi.

Ukuba uba neempawu zomothuko, fumana uncedo lwezonyango kwangoko.

Zithini iimpawu zokothuka?

Ukuba uye wothuka, unokufumana enye okanye ezingaphezulu kwezi zilandelayo:

• ukukhawuleza, ubuthathaka okanye ukungabikho
• ukubetha kwentliziyo ngokungaqhelekanga
• ukukhawuleza, ukuphefumla okungaphantsi
• intloko elula
• epholileyo, ulusu clammy
• abafundi abaxubileyo
• Amehlo angenanto
• iintlungu zesifuba
• isicaphucaphu
• ukudideka
• ixhala
• ukunciphisa umchamo
• unxano nomlomo owomileyo
• iswekile esezantsi yegazi
• ukulahleka kwengqondo

Yintoni ebangela ukothuka?

Nantoni na echaphazela ukuhamba kwegazi emzimbeni wakho inokubangela ukothuka. Ezinye zezinto ezothusayo zibandakanya:

• negazi lakho kakhulu
• ukulahleka kwegazi okubalulekileyo
• ukumelwa yintliziyo
• usulelo lwegazi
• ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni
• ityhefu
• Ukutsha

Zeziphi ezona ntlobo ziphambili zothusayo?

Zine iindidi eziphambili zomothuko, nganye kuzo inokubangelwa linani leziganeko ezahlukeneyo.

Umothuko othintelayo

Umothuko othintelayo wenzeka xa igazi lingenakufika apho lifanele liye khona. I-pulmonary embolism yenye yeemeko ezinokubangela ukuphazamiseka ekuhambeni kwegazi. Iimeko ezinokubangela ukwanda komoya okanye ulwelo kwisifuba kunokukhokelela kukothuka okuphazamisayo. Oku kubandakanya:

• i-pneumothorax (umphunga owileyo)
• hemothorax (igazi liqokelela kwisithuba phakathi kodonga lwesifuba kunye nemiphunga)
• I-tamponade yentliziyo (igazi okanye ulwelo luzalisa indawo phakathi kwengxowa ejikeleze intliziyo kunye nesihlunu sentliziyo)

Umothuko weCardiogenic

Ukonakala kwentliziyo yakho kunokunciphisa ukuhamba kwegazi emzimbeni wakho, okukhokelela kukothuka kwe-cardiogenic. Izizathu eziqhelekileyo zokutshatyalaliswa kwe-cardiogenic ziquka:

• umonakalo kwintliziyo yakho
• isingqisho sentliziyo esingaqhelekanga
• isingqi sentliziyo esicothayo

Umothuko osasazwayo

Iimeko ezibangela ukuba imithambo yegazi yakho ilahlekelwe yitoni inokubangela ukothuka okuhambisayo. Xa imithambo yegazi yakho ilahleka ithoni, zinokuvuleka kwaye zenze i-floppy kangangokuba uxinzelelo lwegazi alwanele ukubonelela ngamalungu akho. Ukutshatyalaliswa kokuhambisa kunokubangela iimpawu ezibandakanya:

• ukugungxula
• uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphantsi
• ukulahleka kwengqondo

Zininzi iindidi zothuselo olusasazekayo, kubandakanya oku kulandelayo:

Ukutshatyalaliswa kwe-Anaphylactic Yinkxalabo yempendulo ebukhali ebizwa ngokuba yi-anaphylaxis. Ukunyanga komzimba kuyenzeka xa umzimba wakho ngempazamo ukuphatha into engeyongozi njengengozi. Oku kubangela impendulo eyingozi yomzimba.

I-Anaphylaxis ihlala ibangelwa kukungalungelani nokutya, inambuzane, amayeza, okanye i-latex.

Ukutshatyalaliswa kwe-Septic lolunye uhlobo lothuselo olusasazekayo. I-Sepsis, ekwabizwa ngokuba yityhefu yegazi, yimeko ebangelwa lusulelo olukhokelela kwintsholongwane engena kwigazi lakho. Umothuko we-Septic wenzeka xa iintsholongwane kunye neetyhefu zazo zibangela umonakalo omkhulu kwizicwili okanye kumalungu emzimbeni wakho.

Umothuko we-Neurogenic Kubangelwa ngumonakalo kwinkqubo ye-nervous system, ihlala yenzakele. Oku kubangela ukuba imithambo yegazi ivuleke, kwaye ulusu luzive lufudumele kwaye lucolile. Isantya sentliziyo siyacotha, kwaye uxinzelelo lwegazi luyehla kakhulu.

Ityhefu yeziyobisi kunye nokwenzakala kwengqondo inokukhokelela kukothuka okuhambisayo.

Ukutshatyalaliswa kwe-Hypovolemic

Ukutshatyalaliswa kwe-Hypovolemic kwenzeka xa kungekho gazi elaneleyo kwimithambo yakho yegazi ukuthwala i-oksijini kwizitho zakho. Oku kunokubangelwa kukuphulukana kwegazi ngokuqatha, umzekelo, kukonzakala.

Igazi lakho lihambisa ioksijini kunye nezakhamzimba ezibalulekileyo kumalungu akho. Ukuba uphulukana negazi elininzi, amalungu akho awakwazi ukusebenza kakuhle. Ukuphelelwa ngamandla emzimbeni kunokubangela noluhlobo lokothuka.

Ufumanisa njani umothuko?

Abaphenduli bokuqala kunye noogqirha bahlala bekuqonda ukothuka ziimpawu zangaphandle. Banokujonga kwakhona:

• uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphantsi
• ukubetha ngamandla
• ukubetha kwentliziyo ngokukhawuleza

Nje ukuba bafumanise ukuba bothukile, eyona nto iphambili kubo kukubonelela ngonyango olusindisa ubomi ukuze igazi lijikeleze umzimba ngokukhawuleza. Oku kunokwenziwa ngokunika ulwelo, iziyobisi, iimveliso zegazi kunye nokhathalelo oluxhasayo. Ayizukusombulula ngaphandle kokuba banokufumana kwaye banyange unobangela.

Nje ukuba uzinze, ugqirha wakho unokuzama ukufumanisa unobangela wothuko. Ukwenza njalo, banoku-odola kuvavanyo olunye okanye nangaphezulu, njengokucinga okanye uvavanyo lwegazi.

Ukujonga iimvavanyo

Ugqirha wakho unokuyalela iimvavanyo zokucinga ukuba ujonge ukonzakala okanye ukonakala kwizicwili zakho zangaphakathi kunye namalungu, anje ngala:

• amathambo aqhekekile
• ukuqhekeka kwamalungu
• izihlunu okanye umsipha iinyembezi
• ukukhula okungaqhelekanga

Olu vavanyo lubandakanya:

• Ultrasound
• X-reyi
• Ukuskena i-CT
• Ukuskena iMRI

Uvavanyo lwegazi

Ugqirha wakho unokusebenzisa uvavanyo lwegazi ukukhangela imiqondiso:

• ukulahleka kwegazi okubalulekileyo
• usulelo egazini lakho
• iziyobisi okanye amayeza libanda

Uphathwa njani umothuko?

Umothuko ungakhokelela kukungabikho zingqondweni, iingxaki zokuphefumla, kunye nokubanjwa kwentliziyo:

• Ukuba ukrokrela ukuba uyothuka, fumana uncedo lwezonyango kwangoko.
• Ukuba ukrokrela ukuba omnye umntu wothukile, tsalela umnxeba ku-911 kwaye unike unyango lokuqala de kufike uncedo lobuchwephesha.

Unyango lokuqala

Ukuba ukrokrela ukuba othile wothukile, tsalela umnxeba ku-911. Emva koko landela la manyathelo:

1. Ukuba abekho zingqondweni, jonga ukuba basaphefumla na kwaye banentliziyo ebethayo.
2. Ukuba awufumani ukuphefumla okanye ukubetha kwentliziyo, qala i-CPR.

Ukuba bayaphefumla:

1. Babeke phantsi ngomqolo.
2. Nyusa iinyawo zabo ubuncinci i-intshi ezili-12 ngaphezulu komhlaba. Esi sikhundla, saziwa njengendawo yothusayo, sinceda ukuhambisa igazi kwizitho zabo ezibalulekileyo apho lifuneka khona kakhulu.
3. Zimboze ngengubo okanye impahla eyongezelelweyo ukubanceda bafudumale.
4. Jonga ukuphefumla kunye nenqanaba lentliziyo rhoqo kwiinguqu.

Ukuba ukrokrela ukuba umntu wenzakele entloko, entanyeni okanye emqolo, kuphephe ukumhambisa.

Faka uncedo lokuqala kuwo nawaphi na amanxeba abonakalayo. Ukuba ukrokrela ukuba umntu unengxaki yokuphendula, babuze ukuba bane-epinephrine auto-injector (EpiPen). Abantu abanezigulo ezibangelwa kukwalana komzimba rhoqo basoloko benesixhobo.

Inenaliti ekulula ukuyitofa enedosi ebizwa ngokuba yi-epinephrine. Ungayisebenzisa ukunyanga i-anaphylaxis.

Ukuba baqala ukugabha, jika iintloko zabo zibheke ecaleni. Oku kunceda ukuthintela ukukrwitshwa. Ukuba ukrokrela ukuba bonzakalise intamo okanye umva, kuphephe ukujika iintloko. Endaweni yoko, zinzisa intamo yabo kwaye uqengqe umzimba wabo wonke ecaleni ukucoca ukugabha.

Unyango

Isicwangciso sonyango sonyango lwakho lothuka siya kuxhomekeka kwisizathu semeko yakho. Iindidi ezahlukeneyo zomothuko ziphathwa ngokwahlukileyo. Umzekelo, ugqirha wakho unokusebenzisa:

• epinephrine kunye nezinye iziyobisi ukunyanga ukothuka kwe-anaphylactic
• utofelo-gazi endaweni yegazi elilahlekileyo kunye nokunyanga ukothuka
• amayeza, utyando lwentliziyo, okanye olunye ungenelelo ukunyanga ukothuka kwe-cardiogenic
• Iintsholongwane zokunyanga ukothuka

Ngaba unokuphola ngokupheleleyo kukothuka?

Kunokwenzeka ukuba uphinde uchache ngokupheleleyo kukothuka. Kodwa ukuba ayinyangwa ngokukhawuleza ngokwaneleyo, ukothuka kungakhokelela ekonakaleni okusisigxina kwamalungu, ukukhubazeka, kunye nokufa. Kubalulekile ukufowunela i-911 ngokukhawuleza ukuba ukrokrela ukuba wena okanye umntu onaye ufumana ukothuka.

Amathuba akho okuphulukana kunye nembono yexesha elide axhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi, kubandakanya:

• Unobangela wokothuka
• ubude bexesha othe wothuka ngalo
• indawo kunye nobungakanani bomonakalo womzimba owugcinileyo
• unyango kunye nenkathalo oyifumeneyo
• iminyaka yakho kunye nembali yonyango

Ngaba ukothuka kungathintelwa?

Ezinye iifom kunye neemeko zokothuka zinokuthintelwa. Thatha amanyathelo okukhokela indlela yokuphila ekhuselekileyo nenempilo. Umzekelo:

• Ukuba ufumene ukuba une-aleji ebukhali, kunqande okubangela, uphathe i-epinephrine auto-injector, kwaye uyisebenzise kwisibonakaliso sokuqala sempendulo ye-anaphylactic.
• Ukwehlisa umngcipheko wokulahleka kwegazi kumanxeba, nxiba izixhobo zokuzikhusela xa uthatha inxaxheba kwezemidlalo, ukhwela ibhayisekile yakho, kwaye usebenzisa izixhobo eziyingozi. Nxiba ibhanti xa uhamba ngeemoto.
• Ukwehlisa amathuba okonzakala kwentliziyo, yitya ukutya okunezondlo, wenze imithambo rhoqo, kwaye uphephe ukutshaya nokutshaya.

Hlala uhlanjululwe ngamanzi ngokusela amanzi amaninzi. Oku kubaluleke ngakumbi xa uchitha ixesha kwiindawo ezishushu kakhulu okanye ezinomswakama.