Umhlaza woMntwana: Iimpawu, oonobangela, iintlobo kunye nonyango

Umxholo

• Iimpawu eziphambili zoMhlaza kuBantwana
• Indlela yokwenza ukuxilongwa
• Yintoni ebangela umhlaza ebantwaneni
• Ezona ntlobo ziphambili zomhlaza womntwana
• Ngaba umhlaza wabantwana unganyangeka?
• Izinketho zonyango
• Inkxaso yabantwana abanomhlaza

Iimpawu zomhlaza wobuntwana zixhomekeke apho iqala khona ukukhula kunye nenqanaba lokuhlasela komzimba lichaphazela. Olunye lweempawu ezikhokelela abazali ukuba bakrokre ukuba umntwana uyagula kukuthoba umzimba ngaphandle kwesizathu esibonakalayo, xa umntwana esitya kakuhle, kodwa eqhubeka nokuthoba umzimba.

Ukuxilongwa kwenziwa emva kwebhetri yovavanyo olupheleleyo olusebenzela ukumisela ukuba loluphi uhlobo lwethumba umntwana analo, inqanaba lalo, nokuba ngaba kukho imastastases okanye akunjalo. Lonke olu lwazi lubalulekile ukunceda ekuchongeni olona nyango lufanelekileyo, olunokubandakanya utyando, unyango ngemitha, ichemotherapy okanye i-immunotherapy.

Umhlaza wobuntwana awusoloko unyangeka, kodwa xa ufunyaniswe kwangethuba kwaye kungekho metastases kukho ithuba elikhulu lonyango. Nangona i-leukemia lolona hlobo luqhelekileyo lomhlaza ebantwaneni nakwishumi elivisayo, ichaphazela ama-25 ukuya kuma-30% amatyala, i-lymphoma, umhlaza wezintso, ithumba lobuchopho, umhlaza wezihlunu, amehlo kunye namathambo nawo avela kweli qela leminyaka.

Iimpawu eziphambili zoMhlaza kuBantwana

Ezinye zezinto eziphambili zeempawu zomhlaza ebantwaneni zezi:

• Ifiva ukukhutshwa ngaphandle kwesizathu esibonakalayo esihlala ngaphezulu kweentsuku ezili-8;
• Ukukrala nokopha ngeempumlo okanye ngeentsini;
• Ache umzimba okanye amathambo akhokelela umntwana ukuba angavumi ukudlala, emenza ukuba alale phantsi ixesha elininzi, abe nomsindo okanye abe nengxaki yokulala;
• Iilwimi ezithi ngokubanzi zibe nkulu kune-3 cm, zinzima, ziyacotha ukukhula, azibuhlungu kwaye azithetheleleki ngobukho bosulelo;
• Ukugabha neentlungu intloko ngaphezulu kweeveki ezimbiningakumbi kusasa, ikhatshwa ngumqondiso othile we-neurological, njengotshintsho kwindlela yokuhamba okanye umbono, okanye intloko eyandisiweyo ngokungaqhelekanga;
• Ukwandiswa kwesisu kukhatshwa okanye kungabikho ziintlungu zesisu, ukugabha nokuqhinwa okanye urhudo;
• Ukwandisa ivolumu yamehlo omabini okanye elinye;
• Iimpawu zokufikisa kwangethuba, ezinje ngokubonakala kweenwele zasesidlangalaleni okanye ukwandiswa kwamalungu esini ngaphambi kokufikisa;
• Ukongezwa kwentloko, xa i-fontanelle (isithambisi) ingekavalwa, ngakumbi kwiintsana ezingaphantsi kweenyanga ezili-18;
• Igazi kumchamo.

Xa abazali bejonga olu tshintsho emntwaneni, kuyacetyiswa ukuba umse kwagqirha ukuze ayalele iimvavanyo ezifanelekileyo zokufika kwisifo kwaye ngaloo ndlela abe nakho ukuqala unyango ngokukhawuleza. Ngokukhawuleza uqala unyango, maninzi amathuba okuphulukiswa.

Funda zonke iimpawu zegazi, olona hlobo luqhelekileyo lomhlaza ebantwaneni nakwishumi elivisayo.

Indlela yokwenza ukuxilongwa

Ukuchongwa komhlaza wobuntwana kunokwenziwa ngugqirha wabantwana ngokusekwe kwiimpawu kunye nokuqinisekisa ukusola, iimvavanyo ezinje:

• Uvavanyo lwegazi: kolu vavanyo ugqirha uya kuhlalutya amaxabiso e-CRP, ii-leukocyte, iziphawuli zesisu, i-TGO, i-TGP, i-hemoglobin;
• Itomography ebunjiweyo okanye i-ultrasound: luvavanyo lomfanekiso apho ubukho okanye inqanaba lokuphuhliswa komhlaza kunye ne-metastases;
• I-Biopsy: izicubu ezincinci ziyavunwa kwilungu apho kurhaneleka ukuba zichaphazelekile kwaye ziyahlalutywa.

Ukuxilongwa kunokwenziwa, nangaphambi kweempawu zokuqala, ngokubonisana rhoqo kwaye, kwezi meko, ithuba lokufumana kwakhona likhulu.

Yintoni ebangela umhlaza ebantwaneni

Umhlaza uhlala ukhula kubantwana abachaphazeleka kwimitha okanye amayeza ngexesha lokukhulelwa kwabo. Iintsholongwane zikwanxulumene nezinye iintlobo zomhlaza wobuntwana, ezinjengeBurkitt's lymphoma, iHodgkin's lymphoma kunye nentsholongwane ye-Epstein-Barr, kunye nolunye uguquko kwimfuzo luthanda uhlobo oluthile lomhlaza, nangona kunjalo, akusoloko kusenzeka ukwazi ukuba yintoni enokubangela ukukhula komhlaza ebantwaneni.

Ezona ntlobo ziphambili zomhlaza womntwana

Abantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka emi-5 ubudala, abachaphazeleka kakhulu ngumhlaza bane-leukemia, kodwa umhlaza wobuntwana ukwazibonakalisa ngamathumba ezintso, ithumba leeseli zentsholongwane, amathumba enkqubo yovelwano yemfesane kunye nezidumba zesibindi.

Ngaba umhlaza wabantwana unganyangeka?

Umhlaza ebantwaneni nakwishumi elivisayo uyanyangeka kwiimeko ezininzi, ngakumbi xa abazali bekwazi ukubona ngokukhawuleza iimpawu kwaye bazise kugqirha wabantwana ukuze ziye kuvavanywa.

Iimvumba zobuntwana okanye zokufikisa, kwiimeko ezininzi, zihlala zikhula ngokukhawuleza xa kuthelekiswa nethumba elifanayo kubantu abadala. Nangona nazo zingenasiphelo, ziphendula ngcono kunyango, olwaqala lwenziwa, amathuba angcono onyango xa kuthelekiswa nabantu abadala abanomhlaza.

Ukunyanga umhlaza wobuntwana, kuhlala kunyanzelekile ukuba wenze i-radiotherapy kunye ne-chemotherapy ukuze kupheliswe iiseli zomhlaza okanye kwenziwe utyando lokususa ithumba, kwaye unyango lunokwenziwa kwisibhedlele somhlaza esikufutshane nendawo yomntwana simahla. Unyango luhlala lukhokelwa liqela loogqirha, njenge-oncologist, ugqirha wabantwana, abongikazi, izondlo kunye noosokhemesti abathi, ngokudibeneyo, bafune ukuxhasa umntwana kunye nosapho.

Ukongeza, unyango kufuneka lubandakanye inkxaso yengqondo yomntwana kunye nabazali ukunceda ukulungisa imvakalelo yokungabikho kokusesikweni, utshintsho emzimbeni womntwana, kwanoloyiko lokufa kunye nelahleko.

Izinketho zonyango

Unyango lomhlaza ebantwaneni lujolise kulawulo okanye lokumisa ukukhula kweeseli zomhlaza, ukubathintela ekusasazeni umzimba kwaye, ke, kunokuba yimfuneko:

• Unyango ngonyango: imitha efana nale isetyenziswa kwiX-reyi iyasetyenziswa, kodwa ngamandla amakhulu kunalawo asetyenziselwa ukubulala iiseli zomhlaza;
• Unyango ngamayeza: Unyango olunamandla kakhulu lunikwa ngohlobo lweepilisi okanye inaliti;
• Utyando: utyando lwenziwa ukususa ithumba.
• Unyango lwe-Immunotherapy: apho kunikwa amayeza athile ngokuchasene nohlobo lomhlaza umntwana anawo.

Obu buchule bunokwenziwa bodwa okanye, ukuba kukho imfuneko, ngokudibeneyo ukuze baphumelele kwaye banyange umhlaza.

Uninzi lwamatyala afuna ukuba umntwana angeniswe esibhedlele ixesha elingafaniyo, ngokwempilo yabo, nangona kunjalo, kwezinye iimeko, umntwana unokufumana unyango emini kwaye abuyele ekhaya ekugqibeleni.

Ngexesha lonyango, kuqhelekile ukuba umntwana afumane isicaphucaphu kunye nokugaya okungalunganga, ke jonga indlela yokulawula ukugabha kunye norhudo emntwaneni ofumana unyango lomhlaza.

Inkxaso yabantwana abanomhlaza

Unyango ngokuchasene nomhlaza wobuntwana kufuneka lubandakanye inkxaso yengqondo yomntwana kunye nosapho ngokwalo, njengoko behlala beziva usizi, imvukelo kunye noloyiko lokufa, ukongeza ekujonganeni notshintsho olwenzeka emzimbeni, njengokulahleka kweenwele kunye nokudumba , umzekelo.

Ke ngoko kubalulekile:

• Mncome umntwana yonke imihla, esithi mhle;
• Nika ingqalelo umntwana, ukumamela izikhalazo zakhe nokudlala naye;
• Ukuhamba nomntwana esibhedlele, ukuba ecaleni kwakhe ngexesha lokuqhutywa kweenkqubo zeklinikhi;
• Myeke umntwana aye esikolweni, nanini na kunokwenzeka;
• Gcina unxibelelwano lwasentlalweninosapho kunye nabahlobo.

Ukufunda ukuba ungamnceda njani umntwana wakho aphile nomhlaza funda: Ungamnceda njani umntwana wakho ukuba ajongane nomhlaza.