Superbacteria: ziyintoni, ziyintoni kwaye lunjani unyango

Umxholo

• Iimpawu eziphambili
• Iimpawu eziphambili
• Unyango lwenziwa njani
• Ungayisebenzisa njani i-antibiotics ngokuchanekileyo

I-Superbacteria ziibhaktheriya ezifumana ukunganyangeki kwiintsholongwane ngenxa yokusetyenziswa gwenxa kwala machiza, kwaye zikwabizwa ngokuba ziibhaktheriya ezinganyangekiyo zeziyobisi. Ukusetyenziswa ngokungachanekanga okanye rhoqo kwamayeza okubulala iintsholongwane kunokuxhasa ukubonakala kweenguqu kunye neendlela zokuchasana nokulungelelaniswa kwezi ntsholongwane ngokuchasene ne-antibiotics, okwenza unyango lube nzima.

I-Superbacteria ixhaphake kakhulu esibhedlele, ngakumbi amagumbi okusebenza kunye neCandelo loKhathalelo oluKhulu (ICU), ngenxa yokomelela komzimba kwizigulana. Ukongeza ekusebenziseni ngokungakhethiyo amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane kunye nesixokelelwano somzimba sesigulana, ukubonakala kwee-superbugs kukwahambelana neenkqubo ezenziwa esibhedlele nakwindlela yokucoceka kwezandla, umzekelo.

Iimpawu eziphambili

Iibhaktheriya ezinganyangekiyo neziyobisi zifunyanwa rhoqo kwizibhedlele, ngakumbi kwii-ICU nakwiindawo zemidlalo yeqonga. Oku kunganyangekiyo kwenzeka ikakhulu ngenxa yokusetyenziswa gwenxa kwee-antibiotics, nokuba kungaphazamisa unyango olucetyiswe ngugqirha okanye ukusebenzisa xa kungaboniswanga, kuphakamisa ii-superbugs, ezona ziphambili zezi:

• IStaphylococcus aureus, enganyangekiyo kwimethicillin kwaye ibizwa ngokuba yi-MRSA. Funda nzulu malunga IStaphylococcus aureus kwaye uxilongo lwenziwa njani;
• UKlebsiella pneumoniae, kwaziwa njenge UKlebsiella umvelisi we-carbapenemase, okanye i-KPC, eziyibhaktheriya ezinokuvelisa i-enzyme ekwaziyo ukuthintela ukusebenza kwee-antibiotics ezithile. Jonga indlela yokuchonga nokunyanga usulelo lwe-KPC;
• Acinetobacter baumannii, enokufumaneka emanzini, emhlabeni nasezibhedlele, kunye nezinye iintlobo ezinganyangekiyo kwii-aminoglycosides, i-fluoroquinolones kunye ne-beta-lactams;
• Pseudomonas aeruginosa, ethathelwa ingqalelo njenge-microorganism enamathuba ibangela usulelo ikakhulu kwii-ICUs kwizigulana ezinamajoni omzimba abuthathaka;
• I-Enterococcus faecium, esihlala sibangela ukosuleleka komchamo kunye namathumbu kubantu abasesibhedlele;
• Iproteus sp., ezinxulumene ikakhulu nosulelo lomchamo kwii-ICU kwaye ethe yafumana ukunganyangeki kwiintsholongwane ezininzi;
• I-Neisseria gonorrhoeae, eyi-bacterium ejongene ne-gonorrhea kwaye ezinye iintlobo sele zichongiwe njengezinto ezinganyangekiyo ngamachiza amaninzi, zibonisa ukunganyangeki kakhulu kwi-Azithromycin, kwaye, ke, esi sifo sibangelwa zezi ngxaki saziwa ngokuba yi-supergonorrhea.

Ukongeza kwezi, zikhona ezinye iibhaktheriya eziqala ukuphuhlisa iindlela zokumelana nxamnye neentsholongwane eziqhelekileyo zisetyenziselwa ukunyanga usulelo lwabo, ezinje Salmonella sp., Shigella sp.,Haemophilus influenzae kwaye Ubunjani benkampu spp. Ngenxa yoko, unyango luba nzima ngakumbi, kuba kunzima ukulwa nezi ntsholongwane, kwaye isifo sinzima kakhulu.

Iimpawu eziphambili

Ukuvela kwe-superbug ngokwesiqhelo akubangeli zimpawu, kuphela ziimpawu ezibonakalayo zosulelo eziye zaqatshelwa, ezahluka ngohlobo lweentsholongwane ezijongene nesifo. Ngokwesiqhelo ubukho be-superbugs buqondwa xa unyango oluboniswe ngugqirha lungasebenzi, kunye nokuvela kweempawu, umzekelo.

Ke, kubalulekile ukuba kwenziwe uvavanyo olutsha lwe-microbiological kunye neyeza elitsha leyeza ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba ngaba ibacteria ifumene ukuxhathisa na, kwaye ke, ukuseka unyango olutsha. Jonga ukuba yenziwe njani i-antibiotik.

Unyango lwenziwa njani

Unyango ngokuchasene ne-superbugs luyahluka ngohlobo lokunganyangeki kunye neebhaktiriya, kwaye kwezinye iimeko kuyacetyiswa ukuba unyango lwenziwe esibhedlele ngenaliti yokudityaniswa kwamayeza okubulala iintsholongwane ngqo emthanjeni ukulwa iintsholongwane kunye nokukhusela ukubonakala kosulelo olutsha.

Ngexesha lonyango isigulana kufuneka sibekelwe bucala kwaye utyelelo kufuneka luthintelwe, kubalulekile ukusebenzisa iimpahla, iimaski kunye neiglavu ukunqanda ungcoliseko kwabanye abantu. Ngamanye amaxesha, indibaniselwano engaphezulu kwe-2 ye-antibiotics inokuba yimfuneko yokuba ilawulwe kwaye isuswe. Nangona unyango lunzima, kunokwenzeka ukuba ulwe ngokupheleleyo neebhaktiriya ezinganyangekiyo.

Ungayisebenzisa njani i-antibiotics ngokuchanekileyo

Ukuze usebenzise i-antibiotics ngokuchanekileyo, ukunqanda ukukhula kwe-superbugs, kubalulekile ukuba uthathe ii-antibiotics kuphela xa umiselwe ngugqirha, ngokulandela idosi kunye nexesha lesikhokelo sokusetyenziswa, nokuba ngaba iimpawu zanyamalala ngaphambi kokuphela konyango.

Olu khathalelo lolona lubaluleke kakhulu kuba xa iimpawu ziqala ukuthamba, abantu bayayeka ukuthatha i-antibiotiki kwaye ngenxa yoko iintsholongwane zifumana ukuxhathisa ngakumbi kwiziyobisi, zibeka wonke umntu emngciphekweni.

Olunye uthintelo olubalulekileyo kukuthenga nje amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane ngomthi kwaye xa uphilisiwe, thatha amanye amayeza ushiye ikhemesti, ungalahli iipakethe enkunkumeni, kwindlu yangasese, okanye esinkini yekhitshi ukunqanda ungcoliseko lokusingqongileyo, ekwenza ukuba iibhaktheriya zinganyangeki kwaye kube nzima ukulwa. Nantsi indlela yokuphepha ukumelana neyeza lokubulala iintsholongwane.