Iindidi ezi-4 eziphambili zeswekile
Umxholo
- 1. Chwetheza isifo seswekile sokuqala
- 2. Chwetheza 2 isifo seswekile
- Umahluko phakathi kohlobo 1 kunye nohlobo 2 lweswekile
- 3. Isifo seswekile
- 4. Ezinye iintlobo
Ezona ntlobo ziphambili zesifo seswekile luhlobo 1 kunye nohlobo 2, ezinomahluko othile, ezinxulumene nonobangela wazo, kwaye zinokuzimela, njengakwimeko yohlobo loku-1, okanye ezinxulunyaniswa nemfuza kunye nemikhwa yokuphila, enje ngohlobo 2.
Ezi ntlobo zesifo seswekile zinokwahluka ngonyango, ezinokuthi zenziwe ngokusetyenziswa kwamayeza kwiipilisi okanye ngokusetyenziswa kwe-insulin.
Nangona kunjalo, kusekho ezinye ezahlukeneyo zolu hlobo lwesifo seswekile, ezinesifo seswekile sokukhulelwa, esibonakala kwabasetyhini abakhulelweyo ngenxa yotshintsho lwehomoni ngeli xesha, iLatent Autoimmune Diabetes yabantu abadala, okanye i-LADA, kunye Ukukhula kwesiQinisekiso seSwekile yaBaselula, okanye iMODY, edibanisa iimpawu zohlobo 1 kunye nohlobo 2 lweswekile.
Ke, ukuqonda ngcono umahluko phakathi kweentlobo zesifo seswekile, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuba isifo ngasinye sikhula njani:
1. Chwetheza isifo seswekile sokuqala
Uhlobo lwe-1 yeswekile sisifo sokuzimela, apho umzimba uhlasela ngokungalunganga iiseli zepancreas ezivelisa i-insulin, zibatshabalalise. Ke, ukunqongophala kwemveliso ye-insulin, kubangela ukufumba kweglucose egazini, enokubangela ukwenzakala kumalungu ahlukeneyo, njengokungaphumeleli kwezintso, ukuphinda ubuye kwakhona okanye isifo seswekile ketoacidosis.
Ekuqaleni, esi sifo asinakubangela zimpawu, nangona kunjalo, kwezinye iimeko sinokuvela:
- Rhoqo umnqweno wokuchama;
- Ukunxanwa kakhulu nendlala;
- Ukwehla kwesisindo ngaphandle kwesizathu.
Olu hlobo lwesifo seswekile luhlala luchazwa ebuntwaneni okanye kwinqanaba lokufikisa, nanjengoko kuxa olu tshintsho kukhuseleko lusenzeka.
Ngokwesiqhelo, unyango lohlobo 1 lweswekile lwenziwa ngenaliti ye-insulin yemihla ngemihla, ukongeza kwiswekile esezantsi kunye nokutya okuneecarbohydrate ezisezantsi. Fumanisa ukuba yeyiphi indlela yokutya ekufuneka uyityile kwaye ungafanele ukuyitya ntoni xa unesifo seswekile.
Kukwabalulekile ukuba izigulana zigcine ukuzilolonga rhoqo, phantsi kwesikhokelo sikatitshala, ukunceda ukulawula amanqanaba eswekile kunye nokugcina imetabolism elawulwayo.
2. Chwetheza 2 isifo seswekile
Uhlobo lwe-2 lweswekile lolona luqhelekileyo isifo seswekile, lubangelwa zizinto zofuzo kunye neendlela ezimbi zokuphila, njengokusebenzisa kakhulu iswekile, amanqatha, ukungasebenzi, ukutyeba kakhulu okanye ukutyeba kakhulu, okubangela iziphene kwimveliso kunye nokusebenza kwe-insulin umzimba.
Ngokubanzi, olu hlobo lwesifo seswekile lufunyenwe kubantu abangaphezulu kwama-40, njengoko lukhula ngokuhamba kwexesha kwaye, kumanqanaba okuqala, alubangeli zimpawu, lubangela ukonakala emzimbeni ngendlela ethe cwaka. Nangona kunjalo, kwiimeko ezinzima kwaye ezinganyangekiyo, kunokubangela ezi mpawu zilandelayo:
- Ukuziva unxaniwe rhoqo;
- Indlala ebaxekileyo;
- Ukuhlala urhalela ukuchama;
- Ukuthoba umzimba ngaphandle kwesizathu;
- Kunzima ukuphilisa inxeba;
- Umbono omfiliba.
Phambi kokuqala kwesifo seswekile, umntu wayehlala enexesha leswekile yegazi kangangeenyanga okanye iminyaka eliqela, ebizwa ngokuba sisifo seswekile. Kule nqanaba, kusenokwenzeka ukuthintela ukukhula kwesi sifo, ngokwenza izinto zomzimba kunye nolawulo lokutya. Qonda indlela yokuchonga nokunyanga ii-prediabetes ukuthintela isifo ukuba singakhuli.
Unyango lohlobo lwesibini lweswekile lwenziwa ngamachiza okulawula iswekile yegazi, enje nge-metformin, glibenclamide okanye i-gliclazide, umzekelo, emiselwe ngugqirha oqhelekileyo okanye i-endocrinologist. Kodwa, kuxhomekeke kwimpilo yesigulana okanye ukwanda kwamanqanaba eswekile yegazi, ukusetyenziswa kwe-insulin yonke imihla kunokuba yimfuneko.
Ukongeza kunyango lwe-pharmacological, kuya kufuneka ugcine ukutya okulawulwayo kweswekile kunye nezinye ii-carbohydrate kunye namafutha, ukongeza kwimithambo yomzimba rhoqo. La manyathelo abalulekile kulawulo oluchanekileyo lwesi sifo kunye nokuguga okunomgangatho wobomi obungcono. Funda ngakumbi malunga nonyango kunye neziphumo zohlobo lwesibini lweswekile.
Umahluko phakathi kohlobo 1 kunye nohlobo 2 lweswekile
Itheyibhile ishwankathela umahluko ophambili phakathi kwezi ntlobo zimbini zesifo seswekile:
| Uhlobo lweSwekile 1 | Uhlobo lwe-2 yeswekile | |
| Isizathu | Izifo ezisebenza ngokuzenzekelayo, apho umzimba uhlasela iiseli zepancreas, eziyeka ukuvelisa i-insulin. | Ukujongwa kwemfuza, kubantu abanezinto ezinobungozi, njengokutyeba kakhulu, ukungasebenzi, ukutya okunee-carbohydrate ezigqithisileyo, amafutha kunye netyuwa. |
| Ubudala | Iqhelekile ebantwaneni nakwishumi elivisayo, ngokubanzi, ukusuka kwi-10 ukuya kwi-14 yeminyaka ubudala. | Uninzi lwexesha, kubantu abangaphezu kwama-40 abaye bafumana ixesha langaphambi kwesifo seswekile. |
| Iimpawu | Ezona zixhaphakileyo ngumlomo owomileyo, ukuchama kakhulu, indlala kunye nokwehla kobunzima. | Ezona zixhaphakileyo kukuthoba umzimba, ukuchama kakhulu, ukudinwa, ukuba buthathaka, ukuphilisa okuguqulweyo kunye nokubona okungacacanga. |
| Unyango | Ukusetyenziswa kwe-insulin eyahlulwe yangamanani amaninzi okanye kwimpompo ye-insulin yonke imihla. | Ukusetyenziswa kwemihla ngemihla kweepilisi ezichasene nesifo seswekile. I-insulin inokuba yimfuneko kwiimeko eziphambili. |
Ukuchongwa kwesifo seswekile kufuneka kwenziwe kuvavanyo lwegazi oluchonga iswekile engaphezulu ekusasazeni, njengokuzila ukutya kweglucose, ihemoglobin eglycated, uvavanyo lokunyamezelana kweswekile kunye novavanyo lweglucose. Jonga ukuba zenziwa njani ezi mvavanyo kunye namaxabiso aqinisekisa isifo seswekile.
3. Isifo seswekile
Isifo seswekile sikamama sivela ngexesha lokukhulelwa kwaye sinokufunyanwa kuvavanyo lweglucose kuvavanyo emva kweeveki ezingama-22 zokukhulelwa, kwaye kukwabangelwa kukungasebenzi kakuhle kwimveliso nakwisenzo se-insulin emzimbeni.
Ngokwesiqhelo kwenzeka kwabasetyhini abasele benofuzo okanye abanendlela yokuphila engafanelekanga, njengokutya ngamafutha kunye noshukela.
Iimpawu zesifo seswekile sokukhulelwa ziyafana nezo zesifo seswekile sesi-2 kwaye unyango lwabo lwenziwa ngokutya okwaneleyo kunye nokuzilolonga ukulawula isifo seswekile, njengoko ihlala inyamalala emva kokuba umntwana ezelwe. Nangona kunjalo, kwiimeko ezininzi, ukusetyenziswa kwe-insulin kuyimfuneko kulawulo olwaneleyo lweglucose yegazi.
Funda ngakumbi malunga neempawu zesifo seswekile sokukhulelwa, umngcipheko kunye nendlela yokunyanga.
4. Ezinye iintlobo
Kukho nezinye iindlela zokuphuhlisa isifo seswekile, ezinqabileyo kwaye ezinokubangelwa zizizathu ezahlukeneyo. Ezinye zazo zezi:
- Isifo seswekile esiLawulayo sabantu abadala, okanye i-LADA, luhlobo lwesifo seswekile oluzenzekelayo, kodwa lwenzeka kubantu abadala. Olu hlobo luhlala lurhanelwa kubantu abadala abanesifo seswekile sesi-2 abanokuphazamiseka okukhawulezileyo kokusebenza kwepancreatic kwaye abafuna ukusebenzisa i-insulin kwangethuba;
- Ukukhula kwesiQinisekiso seSwekile yaBaselula, okanye iMODY, luhlobo lwesifo seswekile esivela kubantu abancinci, kodwa sibukhali kunodidi lokuqala lweswekile kwaye sifana nohlobo lweswekile 2. Yiyo loo nto ukusetyenziswa kwe-insulin akuyomfuneko kwasekuqaleni. Olu hlobo lwesifo seswekile luyanda, ngenxa yokwanda kwenani labantwana abatyebe ngokugqithiseleyo;
- Iziphene zemfuza ezinokubangela utshintsho kwimveliso okanye isenzo se-insulin;
- Izifo zepancreatic, ezinjenge-tumor, usulelo okanye i-fibrosis;
- Izifo ze-Endocrine, ezinje nge-Cushing's syndrome, pheochromocytoma kunye ne-acromegaly, umzekelo;
- Isifo seswekile sibangelwa kukusetyenziswa kwamayeza, ezinje nge-corticosteroids.
Kukwakho nesifo esibizwa ngokuba sisifo seswekile i-insipidus, nangona inegama elifanayo, ayisosifo seswekile, sisisifo esihambelana notshintsho kwiihomoni ezivelisa umchamo. Ukuba ufuna ukwazi ngakumbi ngesi sifo, jonga indlela yokuchonga kunye nokunyanga i-insipidus yeswekile.
Sicebisa Ukuba Ufunde
IPyridostigmine