Uvavanyo lweSifo sePhepha

Umxholo

• Yintoni isifo sephepha (TB)?
• Isetyenziselwa ntoni?
• Kutheni ndifuna ukuhlolelwa i-TB?
• Kwenzeka ntoni ngexesha lokuvavanywa kwe-TB?
• Ngaba kuya kufuneka ndenze nantoni na ukulungiselela uvavanyo?
• Ngaba bukhona ubungozi kuvavanyo?
• Zithetha ntoni iziphumo?
• Ngaba ikhona enye into endifuna ukuyazi malunga nokuhlolisiswa kwe-TB?
• Izalathiso

Yintoni isifo sephepha (TB)?

Olu vavanyo lukhangela ukuba awosulelwanga na sisifo sephepha, esaziwa njenge-TB. I-TB sisifo esibi esosulela imiphunga. Inokuchaphazela namanye amalungu omzimba, kubandakanya ingqondo, umqolo kunye nezintso. Isifo sephepha sisasazeka komnye umntu ngokukhohlela okanye ukuthimla.

Asinguye wonke umntu osulelwe yi-TB ogulayo. Abanye abantu banendlela yokungasebenzi yosulelo ekuthiwa Isifo sephepha esifihlakeleyo. Xa une-TB efihlakeleyo, awuziva ugula kwaye awukwazi ukusasaza esi sifo kwabanye.

Abantu abaninzi abane-TB efihlakeleyo abasokuze bazive iimpawu zesi sifo. Kodwa kwabanye, ngakumbi abo baneenkqubo zomzimba zokuzikhusela ezibuthathaka, i-TB efihlakeleyo inokujika ibe lusulelo oluyingozi kakhulu ekuthiwa lulo i-TB esebenzayo. Ukuba une-TB esebenzayo, usenokuziva ugula kakhulu. Unokusasaza isifo kwabanye abantu. Ngaphandle konyango, i-TB esebenzayo inokubangela ukugula kakhulu okanye nokufa.

Zimbini iintlobo zovavanyo lwe-TB ezisetyenziselwa ukuhlolwa: uvavanyo lolusu lwe-TB kunye novavanyo lwegazi lwe-TB. Ezi mvavanyo zingabonisa ukuba ukhe wosulelwa yi-TB. Ababonisi ukuba unesifo se-TB esifihlakeleyo okanye esisebenzayo. Kuya kufuneka iimvavanyo ezingakumbi ukuze kuqinisekiswe okanye kuthintelwe ukuxilongwa.

Amanye amagama: Uvavanyo lwe-TB, uvavanyo lolusu lwe-TB, uvavanyo lwe-PPD, uvavanyo lwe-IGRA

Isetyenziselwa ntoni?

Uvavanyo lwe-TB lusetyenziselwa ukukhangela usulelo lwe-TB kulusu okanye kwisampulu yegazi. Ukuhlolwa kungabonisa ukuba ngaba wosulelwe yi-TB. Ayibonisi ukuba i-TB ifihlekile okanye iyasebenza.

Kutheni ndifuna ukuhlolelwa i-TB?

Usenokufuna uvavanyo lolusu lwe-TB okanye uvavanyo lwegazi lwe-TB ukuba uneempawu zosulelo lwe-TB okanye ukuba unezinto ezithile ezikubeka emngciphekweni omkhulu wokufumana i-TB.

Iimpawu zosulelo lwe-TB olusebenzayo zibandakanya:

• Isikhohlela esihlala iiveki ezintathu nangaphezulu
• Ukukhohlela igazi
• Iintlungu zesifuba
• Ifiva
• Ukudinwa
• Ukubila ebusuku
• Ukuphulukana nobunzima obungachazwanga

Ukongeza, amanye amaziko okhathalelo lwabantwana kunye nezinye izibonelelo zifuna ukuvavanyelwa i-TB yengqesho.

Unokuba semngciphekweni omkhulu wokufumana i-TB ukuba:

• Ngaba ungumsebenzi wokhathalelo lwempilo onakekela abaguli abanomngcipheko ophezulu wokufumana i-TB
• Hlala okanye usebenze kwindawo enezinga eliphezulu losulelo lwe-TB. Oku kubandakanya iindawo zokuhlala ezingenamakhaya, amakhaya abalupheleyo kunye neentolongo.
• Ukuvezwa kumntu onesifo se-TB esisebenzayo
• Yiba ne-HIV okanye esinye isifo esenza buthathaka amajoni akho omzimba
• Sebenzisa iziyobisi ezingekho mthethweni
• Ukhe wahamba okanye wahlala kwindawo apho i-TB ixhaphake kakhulu.Oku kubandakanya amazwe aseAsia, eAfrika, eMpuma Yurophu, eLatin America, nakwiCaribbean, naseRussia.

Kwenzeka ntoni ngexesha lokuvavanywa kwe-TB?

Uvavanyo lwe-TB iya kuba luvavanyo lolusu lwe-TB okanye kuvavanyo lwegazi lwe-TB. Uvavanyo lolusu lwe-TB lusetyenziswa rhoqo, kodwa uvavanyo lwegazi lwe-TB luya luxhaphaka. Umboneleli wakho wezempilo uyakucebisa ukuba loluphi uhlobo lovavanyo lwe-TB olulungele wena.

Uvavanyo lolusu lwe-TB (ekwabizwa ngokuba luvavanyo lwe-PPD), uyakufuna ukutyelelwa kabini kwi-ofisi yomboneleli wakho wezempilo. Kutyelelo lokuqala, umboneleli wakho uya:

• Sula ingalo yakho yangaphakathi ngesisombululo sokubulala iintsholongwane
• Sebenzisa inaliti encinci ukufaka inani elincinci le-PPD phantsi komaleko wokuqala wolusu. I-PPD yiprotein evela kwintsholongwane yesifo sephepha. Ayizizo iibhaktheriya eziphilayo, kwaye ayizukugula.
• Iqhuma elincinci liza kubakho kwingalo yakho. Kuya kufuneka ihambe ngeeyure ezimbalwa.

Qiniseka ukuba ushiya isiza ingatyhilekanga kwaye ingaphazanyiswa.

Emva kweeyure ezingama-48-72, uya kubuyela eofisini yomboneleli wakho. Ngelixesha lotyelelo, umboneleli wakho uya kujonga indawo yenaliti yokusabela enokubonisa usulelo lwe-TB. Oku kubandakanya ukudumba, ukuba bomvu, kunye nokwanda kobukhulu.

Uvavanyo lwe-TB egazini (ekwabizwa ngokuba luvavanyo lwe-IGRA), ukhathalelo lwempilo luza kuthatha isampulu yegazi kumthambo wengalo yakho, usebenzisa inaliti encinci. Emva kokuba inaliti ifakiwe, inani elincinci legazi liya kuqokelelwa kwityhubhu yovavanyo okanye igutyana. Unokuziva uluma kancinci xa inaliti ingena okanye iphuma. Oku kuhlala kuthatha imizuzu engaphantsi kwesihlanu.

Ngaba kuya kufuneka ndenze nantoni na ukulungiselela uvavanyo?

Awunawo amalungiselelo akhethekileyo ovavanyo lolusu lwe-TB okanye uvavanyo lwegazi lwe-TB.

Ngaba bukhona ubungozi kuvavanyo?

Mncinci kakhulu umngcipheko wokuvavanywa kolusu lwe-TB okanye kuvavanyo lwegazi. Xa usivavanyelwa ulusu lwe-TB, usenokuyiva incanca xa ufika.

Uvavanyo lwegazi, unokuba nentlungu encinci okanye ukugruzuka kwindawo ebekwe kuyo inaliti, kodwa uninzi lweempawu zihamba ngokukhawuleza.

Zithetha ntoni iziphumo?

Ukuba uvavanyo lwakho lolusu lwe-TB okanye uvavanyo lwegazi lubonisa usulelo lwe-TB olunokwenzeka, umboneleli wakho wokhathalelo lwempilo uya kuthi mhlawumbi a-odole iimvavanyo ezingaphezulu ukunceda ekuchongeni isifo. Usenokufuna olunye uvavanyo ukuba ngaba iziphumo zakho bezingenayo, kodwa uneempawu ze-TB kunye / okanye unezinto ezithile ezinobungozi ze-TB. Uvavanyo oluchonga i-TB lubandakanya i-x-ray yesifuba kunye novavanyo kwisampuli yesikhohlela. Isikhohlela sisikhohlela esixineneyo esifubeni esisuka emiphungeni. Yahlukile kunokutshica okanye amathe.

Ukuba ayinyangwa, i-TB inokubulala. Kodwa iimeko ezininzi ze-TB ziyanyangeka ukuba ngaba uthatha amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane njengoko kuyalelwe ngumboneleli wakho wezempilo. Zombini i-TB esebenzayo kunye nequbisayo kufuneka inyangwe, kuba i-TB efihlakeleyo inokujika ibe yi-TB esebenzayo kwaye ibe yingozi.

Ukuba unemibuzo malunga neziphumo zakho, thetha nomboneleli wakho wezempilo.

Funda ngakumbi malunga novavanyo lwelabhoratri, uluhlu lweereferensi, kunye neziphumo zokuqonda.

Ngaba ikhona enye into endifuna ukuyazi malunga nokuhlolisiswa kwe-TB?

Ukunyanga i-TB kuthatha ixesha elide kunokunyanga ezinye iintlobo zentsholongwane. Emva kweeveki ezimbalwa uthintela amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane, awusayi kusulela, kodwa usaya kuba une-TB. Ukunyanga i-TB, kufuneka uthathe i-antibiotics ubuncinci iinyanga ezintandathu ukuya kwezilithoba. Ubude bexesha buxhomekeke kwimpilo yakho iyonke, ubudala, kunye nezinye izinto. Kubalulekile ukuthatha ii-antibiotics ixesha elide njengoko umboneleli wakho ekuxelela, nangona uziva ungcono. Ukuma kwangoko kunokubangela ukuba usulelo lubuye.

Izalathiso

1. Umbutho waseMelika weMiphunga [kwi-Intanethi]. IChicago: Umbutho wamaphaphu waseMelika; c2018. Ukuchonga nokunyanga isifo sephepha [ihlaziywe ngo-2018 ngoMatshi 2; icatshulwe ngo-2018 Okt 12]; [malunga nezikrini ezi-4]. Ifumaneka kwi: https://www.lung.org/lung-health-and-diseases/lung-disease-lookup/tuberculosis/diagnosing-and-treating-tuberculosis.html
2. Umbutho waseMelika wemiphunga [kwi-Intanethi]. IChicago: Umbutho wamaphaphu waseMelika; c2018. Isifo sephepha (i-TB) [icatshulwe ngo-2018 Okt 12]; [malunga nezikrini ezi-3]. Ifumaneka kwi: https://www.lung.org/lung-health-and-diseases/lung-disease-lookup/tuberculosis
3. Amaziko oLawulo noKuthintela iZifo [i-Intanethi]. IAtlanta: iSebe lezeMpilo laseMelika kunye neeNkonzo zoLuntu; Amaphepha Enyaniso: Isifo sephepha: Ulwazi ngokubanzi [luhlaziywe ngo-2011 Oktobha 28; icatshulwe ngo-2018 Okt 12]; [malunga nezikrini ezi-4]. Ifumaneka kwi: https://www.cdc.gov/tb/publications/factsheets/general/tb.htm
4. Amaziko oLawulo noKuthintela iZifo [i-Intanethi]. IAtlanta: iSebe lezeMpilo laseMelika kunye neeNkonzo zoLuntu; Iinyani ngesifo sephepha: Ukuvavanyelwa i-TB [ihlaziyiwe ngo-2016 ngoMeyi 11; icatshulwe ngo-2018 Okt 12]; [malunga nezikrini ezi-3]. Ifumaneka kwi: https://www.cdc.gov/tb/publications/factseries/skintest_eng.htm
5. Amaziko oLawulo noKuthintela iZifo [i-Intanethi]. IAtlanta: iSebe lezeMpilo laseMelika kunye neeNkonzo zoLuntu; Isifo sephepha: Iimpawu kunye neMpawu [ehlaziyiweyo yowama-2016 kuMatshi 17; icatshulwe ngo-2018 Okt 12]; [malunga nezikrini ezi-3]. Ifumaneka kwi: https://www.cdc.gov/tb/topic/basics/signsandsymptoms.htm
6. Amaziko oLawulo noKuthintela iZifo [i-Intanethi]. IAtlanta: iSebe lezeMpilo laseMelika kunye neeNkonzo zoLuntu; Isifo sephepha: Ngubani omele kuvavanywe [kuhlaziywa ngo-2016 Sep 8; icatshulwe ngo-2018 Okt 12]; [malunga nezikrini ezi-3]. Ifumaneka kwi: https://www.cdc.gov/tb/topic/testing/whobetested.htm
7. Uvavanyo lweLebhu kwi-Intanethi [kwi-Intanethi]. IWashington DC: Umbutho waseMelika weKlinikhi yeKhemistry; c2001–2018. Uvavanyo lwe-IGRA TB [luhlaziywe ngo-2018 Sep 13; icatshulwe ngo-2018 Okt 12]; [malunga nezikrini ezi-2]. Ifumaneka kwi: https://labtestsonline.org/tests/igra-tb-test
8. Uvavanyo lweLebhu kwi-Intanethi [kwi-Intanethi]. IWashington DC: Umbutho waseMelika weKlinikhi yeKhemistry; c2001–2018. Isikhohlela [sihlaziyiwe 2017 Jul 10; icatshulwe ngo-2018 Okt 12]; [malunga nezikrini ezi-2]. Ifumaneka kwi: https://labtestsonline.org/glossary/sputum
9. Uvavanyo lweLebhu kwi-Intanethi [kwi-Intanethi]. IWashington DC: Umbutho waseMelika weKlinikhi yeKhemistry; c2001–2018. Uvavanyo lolusu lwe-TB [luhlaziywe ngo-2018 Sep 13; icatshulwe ngo-2018 Okt 12]; [malunga nezikrini ezi-2]. Ifumaneka kwi: https://labtestsonline.org/tests/tb-skin-test
10. Uvavanyo lweLebhu kwi-Intanethi [kwi-Intanethi]. IWashington DC: Umbutho waseMelika weKlinikhi yeKhemistry; c2001–2018. Isifo sephepha [sihlaziyiwe ngo-2018 Sep 14; icatshulwe ngo-2018 Okt 12]; [malunga nezikrini ezi-2]. Ifumaneka kwi: https://labtestsonline.org/conditions/tuberculosis
11. Ikliniki yaseMayo [kwi-Intanethi]. Isiseko seMayo seMfundo yezoNyango noPhando; c1998–2018. Isifo sephepha: Ukuchonga nokunyanga; 2018 Jan 4 [icatshulwe ngowama-2018 nge-Oct 12]; [malunga nezikrini ezi-4]. Ifumaneka kwi: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/tuberculosis/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20351256
12. Ikliniki yaseMayo [kwi-Intanethi]. Isiseko seMayo seMfundo yezoNyango noPhando; c1998–2018. Isifo sephepha: Iimpawu kunye noonobangela; 2018 Jan 4 [icatshulwe ngowama-2018 nge-Oct 12]; [malunga nezikrini ezi-3]. Ifumaneka kwi: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/tuberculosis/symptoms-causes/syc-20351250
13. Umdibaniso wencwadi yomsebenzisi yenguqulo [ye-Intanethi]. IKenilworth (NJ): IMerck kunye neCh., Inc .; c2018. Isifo sephepha (TB) [sicatshulwe ngo-2018 Oktobha 12]; [malunga nezikrini ezi-2]. Ifumaneka kwi: https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/infections/tuberculosis-and-related-infections/tuberculosis-tb
14. Intliziyo kaZwelonke, iMiphunga, kunye neZiko leGazi [kwi-Intanethi]. I-Bethesda (MD): Isebe lezeMpilo laseMelika kunye neeNkonzo zoLuntu; Uvavanyo lwegazi [lukhankanywe nge-2018 ka-Okthobha u-12]; [malunga nezikrini ezi-3]. Ifumaneka kwi: https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health-topics/blood-tests
15. Impilo ye-UF: iYunivesithi yaseFlorida yezeMpilo [i-Intanethi]. IGainesville (FL): IYunivesithi yaseFlorida; c2018. Uvavanyo lolusu lwe-PPD: Amagqabantshintshi [ahlaziywa ngo-2018 Okt 12; icatshulwe ngo-2018 Okt 12]; [malunga nezikrini ezi-2]. Ifumaneka kwi: https://ufhealth.org/ppd-skin-test
16. IYunivesithi yaseRochester Medical Centre [i-Intanethi]. URochester (NY): KwiYunivesithi yaseRochester Medical Centre; c2018. Health Encyclopedia: Uvavanyo lwe-TB (Ulusu) [icatshulwe ngo-2018 Okt 12]; [malunga nezikrini ezi-2]. Ifumaneka kwi: https://www.urmc.rochester.edu/encyclopedia/content.aspx?contenttypeid=167&contentid=tb_screen_skin
17. IYunivesithi yaseRochester Medical Centre [i-Intanethi]. URochester (NY): KwiYunivesithi yaseRochester Medical Centre; c2018. I-Health Encyclopedia: Uvavanyo lwe-TB (iGazi elipheleleyo) [icatshulwe ngo-2018 Okt 12]; [malunga nezikrini ezi-2]. Ifumaneka kwi: https://www.urmc.rochester.edu/encyclopedia/content.aspx?contenttypeid=167&contentid=tb_screen_blood

Ulwazi olukule ndawo akufuneki lusetyenziswe endaweni yonyango okanye iingcebiso. Nxibelelana nomboneleli wezempilo ukuba unemibuzo malunga nempilo yakho.