Iindidi zamawele

Umxholo

• Amawele afanayo
• Amawele omzalwana
• Ngaba lukhona uhlobo lwesithathu?
• Iziganeko ezingaqhelekanga zokukhulelwa kwamawele
• Amawele emifanekiso yesipili
• Amawele adibeneyo
• Amawele eParasitic
• Amawele afanayo
• Inkwenkwe / intombazana monozygotic (efanayo) amawele
• Amawele omtshato awodwa
• Amawele aneminyaka eyahlukeneyo
• Amawele nootata abohlukeneyo
• Amawele eentlanga ezahlukeneyo
• Umngcipheko kwezonyango ngexesha lokukhulelwa kwamawele
• Ukuthatha

Abantu banomdla ngamawele, kwaye enkosi kwinxalenye enkulu kwinkqubela phambili yenzululwazi yenzala, kukho amawele amaninzi kunalo naliphi na elinye ixesha embalini. Ngapha koko, ngokutsho kwamaZiko okuLawula nokuThintela izifo (i-CDC), kwi-2017, e-United States babengamawele.

Amawele afanayo kunye nabazalwana aqhelekileyo, kodwa kukho nezinye iintlobo ezinqabileyo. Funda ukuze ufunde ngakumbi malunga namawele.

Amawele afanayo

Amawele afanayo abizwa ngokuba ngamawele e-monozygotic, okuthetha iqanda elinye elichumileyo. Zenzeka xa elinye iqanda lichunyiswa lidlozi elinye njengesiqhelo, kodwa iqanda liyaqhekeka kubini kwakamsinya emva koko. Isiqingatha ngasinye emva koko sikhula sibe lusana.

Kuba ekuqaleni zazivela kwiqanda elifanayo kunye nobudoda, iipesenti ezili-100 zeekromosomes zabo ziyafana. Oku kuthetha ukuba besini esifanayo kwaye baneempawu ezifanayo zemfuza, njengeenwele nombala wamehlo.

Nangona kunjalo, izinto ezikwimeko-bume yabo, njengobungakanani begumbi ababenalo esibelekweni, zinokubangela umahluko omncinci kwinkangeleko yabo.

Amawele omzalwana

Elinye igama lamawele obuzalwana ngamawele e-dizygotic, oko kuthetha ukuba amaqanda amabini achumileyo. Ziziphumo zokuba umama akhulule amaqanda amabini ngaxeshanye ngeqanda ngalinye lichunyiswe lidlozi elahlukileyo.

Kuba zivela kumaqanda ahlukeneyo kunye nesidoda, babelana kuphela malunga neepesenti ezingama-50 zeekromosomes zabo njengabanye abantakwabo. Oku kuthetha ukuba banokufana okanye besini esahlukileyo kwaye abafani.

Ngaba lukhona uhlobo lwesithathu?

Kukho uhlobo lwesithathu olubizwa ngokuba ngumzimba we-polar okanye amawele afana nesiqingatha. Abanye oogqirha bacebisa ukuba oku kuya kuchaza ukuba kutheni amanye amawele omzalwana ekhangeleka efana, kodwa akukaze kuqinisekiswe ukuba olu hlobo lukhona.

Xa iqanda likhutshwa, lingahlula kubini. Incinci yeziqingatha zibini zibizwa ngokuba ngumzimba we-polar. Inayo yonke into eyimfuneko ukuba ikhule ibe lusana ukuba ichumisiwe. Nangona kunjalo, kukho ulwelo oluncinci kakhulu (icytoplasm) ngaphakathi kuyo, ngoko ke ihlala incinci kakhulu ukuba iphile.

Ukuba umzimba we-polar uyasinda, unokuchunyiswa ngesidoda esinye xa isiqingatha esikhulu seqanda sichunyiswa ngomnye. Iziphumo ziya kuba ngamawele polar.

Kuba zivela kwiqanda elinye, ii-chromosomes ezivela kunina ziyafana. Abahluleli chromosomes kuyise. Basenokuba okanye bangabi sisini esinye.

Iziganeko ezingaqhelekanga zokukhulelwa kwamawele

Uninzi lwamawele akhulelweyo aphela ngabantwana abasempilweni abazelweyo. Ngamaxesha athile, iziganeko ezingaqhelekanga zenzeka ngexesha lokuchumisa okanye kwinqanaba lokuqala lokukhulelwa kwamawele okukhokelela kumawele awodwa.

Amawele emifanekiso yesipili

Olu luhlobo oluthile lwamawele afanayo awenzekayo xa iqanda lahlula iintsuku ezisi-7 ukuya kwezi-12 emva kokudibana, endaweni yeveki yokuqala. Ngeli xesha, umbungu okhulayo sele uvelise icala lasekhohlo nasekunene.

La mawele ayafana kodwa ayimifanekiso yesipili yomnye nomnye.

Umzekelo, iinwele zabo zinokujikeleza kumacala ahlukeneyo, amazinyo abo angaqala angene macala omlomo wabo, kwaye elinye lingasekunene ngelixa elinye lingasekhohlo. Banokude bawele imilenze kwicala elahlukileyo.

Amawele adibeneyo

La ngamawele afanayo adityaniswa ngokwasemzimbeni.

Abanye oogqirha bathi kungenxa yeqanda elichumayo alingaqhekezi ngokupheleleyo. Oku kunokwenzeka xa yahlulahlula iintsuku ezili-12 okanye ngaphezulu emva kokumitha. Abanye bathi liqanda elahlule ngokupheleleyo kodwa kamva laphinda laphinda lahlangana kwakhona.

Indawo yokudibanisa iyahluka, kodwa ixhaphake kakhulu esifubeni okanye esiswini. Ubungakanani bokudibanisa buyahluka, kodwa phantse amawele ahlala elinye okanye amalungu abalulekileyo.

Amawele adibeneyo ahlala esweleka ngaphambi nje kokuba azalwe. Abo basindayo ngamanye amaxesha banokwahlulwa ngokuxhomekeke apho badibene khona kunye nokuba leliphi ilungu abelana ngalo.

Nangona edityanisiwe, la mawele ngabantu ababini abanokucinga ngokuzimeleyo.

Amawele eParasitic

Amawele e-parasitic luhlobo lwamawele adibeneyo apho iwele elincinci lixhomekeke kwelinye elikhulu. Iwele elincinci alibunjwanga ngokupheleleyo kwaye lisenokungabi namalungu abalulekileyo anjengengqondo okanye intliziyo ebunjiweyo ngokupheleleyo.

Iwele elincinci lingenza naphi na kwelinye iwele lomzimba kwaye livele njengayo nayiphi na into efana neqhuma elincinci elingabonakaliyo, intloko yesibini engasebenziyo, okanye amalungu ongezelelweyo ancanyathiselwe kumalungu omzimba angahleliyo.

Iingqungquthela zamawele angama-parasitic aquka:

• Usana olungekazalwa. Kulapho ke iwele lesidleleli likhula ngaphakathi komzimba wamawele amakhulu kunokuba lingaphandle kwawo.
• Amawele e-Acardiac. I-twin kwi-twin syndrome ye-twin iyenzeka xa elinye iwele elifanayo lifumana ukuphuma kwegazi kakhulu kwaye elinye lincinci kakhulu kwi-placenta ekwabelwana ngayo. Amawele e-Acardiac anesimo esiqatha soku apho iwele elincinci lingumzimba nje okanye ngaphandle kwemilenze enentliziyo elahlekileyo okanye engalunganga.

Amawele afanayo

Olu hlobo sisiphumo sedlozi ezimbini ezahlukileyo ezichumisa iqanda elinye. Ukuze lisinde, eli qanda kufuneka emva koko lahlulwe kubini ngesiqingatha ngasinye libe nenani elichanekileyo lama chromosomes.

Zimbini kuphela iimeko ezixeliweyo zamawele afanayo.

Inkwenkwe / intombazana monozygotic (efanayo) amawele

Kwiimeko ezinqabileyo kakhulu, amawele afanayo anokuba zizini ezahlukeneyo. La mawele aqala njengamawele angamadoda afanayo. Njengawo onke amadoda, omabini ane-XY chromosomes yesini, endaweni ye-XX njengawo onke amabhinqa.

Kwakamsinyane nje emva kokuba iqanda laqhekeka kubini, ukuvela kwemfuza kubangela ukuba iwele elinye liphulukane ne-Y chromosome yesini, litshintshe libe yi-X0. Olu tshintsho lubizwa ngokuba yi-Turner syndrome.

Kuba inye kuphela i-X chromosome, iwele lijongeka njengowesifazana kodwa lineengxaki zophuhliso eziqala ngexesha lokuzalwa kunye neengxaki zokuzala kamva ebomini. Olunye usana aluchaphazeleki.

Amawele omtshato awodwa

Amawele aneminyaka eyahlukeneyo

I-Superfetation ibhekisa ekuchumiseni kweqanda lesibini kumfazi osele ekhulelwe.

Kunqabile kakhulu kuba abantu basetyhini bayayeka ukukhupha amaqanda ngokukhawuleza xa bekhulelwe. Xa oku kusenzeka ngexesha elinye lokuya exesheni kubizwa ngokuba yi-superfecundation.

Amawele nootata abohlukeneyo

Ukuqhaqhaqhaqhaqhaqhaqhaqhaxhaxhaxa kuxa amaqanda amabini ekhutshwa ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo kumjikelo we-ovulation ofanayo achunyiswa ngootata abohlukeneyo. Kuqhelekile kwizilwanyana kodwa kunqabile kakhulu ebantwini.

Amawele eentlanga ezahlukeneyo

Oku kunokwenzeka ngendalo ngeendlela ezintathu, kodwa zonke akunakulindeleka:

• Amawele omtshato azalelwa kubazali abaziintlanga ezahlukeneyo. Iwele elinye lenzeka ukuba linazo zonke iimpawu zikamama ngelixa elinye lithatha utata.
• Ukuchasana okungathethekiyo kweHeteropaternal apho oobawo bobabini beentlanga ezahlukeneyo. Iwele ngalinye lineempawu zohlanga lukayise.
• Bobabini abazali bayindalo. Imfuza ekwisidoda okanye kwiqanda lomntu ozalwa ngokwesiqhelo ikhokelela kwiimpawu ezingumxube wazo zombini ezi ntlanga. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba izakhi zofuzo ezivela kwisidoda kunye neqanda kwelinye lamawele zikhokelela ikakhulu kwiimpawu zohlanga olunye ngelixa iijini zelinye iwele zikhokelela ikakhulu kwiimpawu zolunye uhlanga, amawele aya kujongeka njengeentlanga ezahlukeneyo.

Umngcipheko kwezonyango ngexesha lokukhulelwa kwamawele

Ukukhulelwa okunemithambo engekazalwa ehlala ithathwa njengomngcipheko omkhulu kuba banokuba nethuba elininzi lobunzima obufana:

• Ukuthatha

  Uninzi lwamawele luhlobo lomtshato okanye luyafana. Kukho uhlobo lwesithathu olubizwa ngokuba ngamawele omzimba we-polar.

  Amawele awodwa anokuvela xa iimeko ezingaqhelekanga zenzeka ngexesha lokuchumisa okanye ukukhula kwangoko.

  Ixhaswe yi Baby Baby