Typhoid

Umxholo

• Ziintoni iimpawu?
• Zintoni izizathu kunye nemingcipheko?
• Ngaba inokuthintelwa?
• Yilumkele into oselayo
• Jonga into oyityayo
• Ziqhelanise nococeko
• Kuthekani ngogonyo lwe-typhoid?
• Uphathwa njani typhoid?
• Yintoni imbonakalo?

Ushwankathelo

Umkhuhlane weTyphoid sisifo esosulelayo esosasazeka ngokulula ngamanzi angcolileyo kunye nokutya. Kunye nefiva ephezulu, kunokubangela iintlungu zesisu kwintloko, kunye nokuphelelwa ngumdla wokutya.

Ngonyango, uninzi lwabantu luyachacha ngokupheleleyo. Kodwa ukunganyangwa kwe-typhoid kunokukhokelela kwiingxaki ezisongela ubomi.

Ziintoni iimpawu?

Ingathatha iveki okanye ezimbini emva kokosuleleka ukuba iimpawu zivele. Ezinye zeempawu zezi:

• umkhuhlane ophezulu
• ubuthathaka
• isisu esibuhlungu
• intloko ebuhlungu
• ukungathandi ukutya
• irhashalala
• ukudinwa
• ukudideka
• ukuqhina, urhudo

Iingxaki ezinzima zinqabile, kodwa zinokubandakanya ukopha emathunjini okanye ukubola emathunjini. Oku kunokukhokelela kusulelo olusongela ubomi egazini (sepsis). Iimpawu zibandakanya isicaphucaphu, ukugabha kunye neentlungu esiswini.

Ezinye iingxaki zezi:

• ukukrala kwemiphunga
• usulelo lwezintso okanye lwesinyi
• ukudumba komzimba
• myocarditis
• endocarditis
• meningitis
• I-delirium, i-hallucinations, i-psychosis yengqondo

Ukuba unayo nayiphi na le mpawu, xelela ugqirha wakho malunga nohambo lwakutshanje ngaphandle kwelizwe.

Zintoni izizathu kunye nemingcipheko?

UTyphoid ubangelwa yintsholongwane ebizwa Salmonella typhi (S. typhi). Ayiyiyo intsholongwane efanayo ebangela ukugula okubangelwa kukutya iSalmonella.

Eyona ndlela iphambili yokuhambisa yindlela yomlomo yelindle, isasazeka ngokubanzi emanzini okanye ukutya okungcolileyo. Inokudlula ngokudibana ngqo nomntu osulelekileyo.

Ukongeza, kukho inani elincinci labantu abaphilayo kodwa abaqhubayo S. typhi. Ezi "zithwali" zinokosulela abanye.

Eminye imimandla inezehlo eziphezulu zetyphoid. Oku kubandakanya iAfrika, iIndiya, uMzantsi Melika, kunye noMzantsi mpuma Asia.

Ehlabathini lonke, umkhuhlane we-typhoid uhlasela abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-26 ngonyaka. I-United States inamatyala angama-300 ngonyaka.

Ngaba inokuthintelwa?

Xa usiya kumazwe aneziganeko eziphezulu zetyphoid, kuyahlawula ukulandela ezi ngcebiso zokuthintela:

Yilumkele into oselayo

• ungaseli empompini okanye equleni
• thintela iityhubhu zomkhenkce, iipopu, okanye iziselo zomthombo ngaphandle kokuba uqinisekile ukuba zenziwe ngamanzi asebhotileni okanye abilisiweyo
• thenga iziselo ezibhotileni nanini na kunokwenzeka (amanzi e-carbonated akhuselekile kunalawo angekhoyo, qiniseka ukuba iibhotile zitywiniwe)
• Amanzi angenazo iibhotile kufuneka abiliswe umzuzu omnye ngaphambi kokusela
• kukhuselekile ukusela ubisi olungagalelwanga, iti eshushu, kunye nekofu eshushu

Jonga into oyityayo

• ungayityi imveliso eluhlaza ngaphandle kokuba uyakwazi ukuyichuba ngokwakho emva kokuhlamba izandla
• ungaze utye ukutya okuvela kubathengisi basesitratweni
• ungatyi inyama ekrwada okanye enqabileyo okanye intlanzi, ukutya kufuneka kuphekwe kakuhle kwaye kusatshisa xa kusenzelwa
• yitya kuphela iimveliso zobisi ezingagalelwanga kunye namaqanda aphekiweyo
• thintela iisaladi kunye nezinto zokuhambisa ezenziwe ngezinto ezintsha
• ungatyi umdlalo wasendle

Ziqhelanise nococeko

• hlamba izandla zakho rhoqo, ngakumbi emva kokusebenzisa igumbi lokuhlambela nangaphambi kokuchukumisa ukutya (sebenzisa isepha eninzi kunye namanzi ukuba ayafumaneka, ukuba akunjalo, sebenzisa isicoci sezandla esiqukethe ubuncinci iipesenti ezingama-60 zotywala)
• musa ukubamba ubuso bakho ngaphandle kokuba uhlambe nje izandla
• kuphephe ukunxibelelana ngokuthe ngqo nabantu abagulayo
• ukuba uyagula, kunqande abanye abantu, hlamba izandla zakho rhoqo, kwaye ungalungiseleli okanye uphakele ukutya

Kuthekani ngogonyo lwe-typhoid?

Kubantu abaninzi abasempilweni, isitofu sokugonya se-typhoid asiyomfuneko. Kodwa ugqirha wakho unokucebisa enye ukuba:

• umntu ophetheyo
• kunxibelelwano olusondeleyo nomphathi
• Ukuya kwilizwe apho i-typhoid ixhaphake khona
• umsebenzi waselebhu onokudibana naye S. typhi

Isitofu sokugonya se-typhoid siyasebenza kwaye siza ngeendlela ezimbini:

• Isitofu sokugonya se-typhoid esingasebenziyo. Esi sitofu sitofa idosi enye. Ayenzelwe abantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka emibini kwaye kuthatha malunga neeveki ezimbini ukusebenza. Unokuba nethamo lokukhuthaza rhoqo emva kweminyaka emibini.
• Isitofu sokugonya se-typhoid. Olu gonyo alulolwabantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka emithandathu. Sisigonyo somlomo esinikwa ngeedosi ezine, iintsuku ezimbini ukuqelelana. Kuthatha ubuncinci iveki emva kwethamo lokugqibela ukusebenza. Unako ukukhuthaza rhoqo kwiminyaka emihlanu.

Uphathwa njani typhoid?

Uvavanyo lwegazi lunokuqinisekisa ubukho be S. typhi. UTyphoid uphathwa ngamayeza okubulala iintsholongwane afana ne-azithromycin, ceftriaxone, kunye ne-fluoroquinolones.

Kubalulekile ukuthatha onke amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane njengoko kuyalelwe, nokuba uziva ubhetele. Inkcubeko esitulweni inokumisela ukuba usaqhubeka na S. typhi.

Yintoni imbonakalo?

Ngaphandle konyango, i-typhoid inokukhokelela kwiingxaki ezinzulu, ezisongela ubomi. Ehlabathini lonke, bangama-200,000 abantu ababhubha ngenxa yetyhefu ngonyaka.

Ngonyango, uninzi lwabantu luqala ukuphucula ngaphakathi kweentsuku ezintathu ukuya kwezintlanu. Phantse wonke umntu ofumana unyango kwangoko uyachacha ngokupheleleyo.