Nini ukwenza okokuqala ukukhulelwa kwe-Ultrasound

Umxholo

• Zingaphi ii-ultrasound ekufuneka zenziwe xa ukhulelwe
• Izifo kunye neengxaki ezinokufunyanwa
• Kwi-trimester yokuqala yokukhulelwa
• Kwi-2 yeenyanga ezintathu zokukhulelwa
• Kwi-trimester yesithathu yokukhulelwa
• Zeziphi iintlobo ze-ultrasound ezinokwenziwa

I-ultrasound yokuqala kufuneka yenziwe kwikota yokuqala yokukhulelwa, phakathi kweeveki ezili-11 ukuya kwezi-14, kodwa le ultrasound ayikuvumeli ukufumanisa isini somntwana, esihlala sikhona kuphela kwiveki engama-20.

I-Ultrasound, ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-ultrasound okanye i-ultrasound, luvavanyo lonyango oluvumela ukubonwa kwemifanekiso ngexesha lokwenyani, ekufuneka yenziwe ngumfazi wonke okhulelweyo njengoko kunceda ukwazi ukuba umntwana ukhula njani ngaphakathi kwesibeleko.

Olu hlobo loviwo alubangeli zintlungu kwaye lukhuseleke kakhulu kubo bobabini abakhulelweyo kunye nosana, kuba alusebenzisi naluphi na uhlobo lwemitha kwaye ukusebenza kwalo akunaziphumo zibi, yiyo loo nto kuthathwa njengoluvavanyo olungelulo.

Zingaphi ii-ultrasound ekufuneka zenziwe xa ukhulelwe

Eyona nto iqhelekileyo kukucetyiswa ukwenza i-1 ye-ultrasound ngekota, nangona kunjalo, ukuba ugqirha unokukrokra okanye ukuba uviwo lubonisa utshintsho olunokwenzeka ekukhulelweni, kunokucetyiswa ukuphinda i-ultrasound rhoqo, ke ngoko akukho nombolo ithile i-ultrasound ngexesha lokukhulelwa.

Ke, ukongeza kwi-ultrasound yokuqala eyenziwe phakathi kweveki ye-11 neye-14, ubuncinci, kufuneka kwenziwe ne-ultrasound kwikota yesi-2 yokukhulelwa, malunga neveki ye-20, xa sele kunokwenzeka ukumisela isini somntwana kunye nesithathu i-ultrasound, phakathi kweeveki ezingama-34 nezingama-37 zokukhulelwa.

Izifo kunye neengxaki ezinokufunyanwa

I-Ultrasound kufuneka yenziwe ngaphezulu kwakanye ngexesha lokukhulelwa kuba kuzo zonke iitrimester, kwaye kuxhomekeke ekukhuleni komntwana kunye nokukhula, kuya kuvumela ukubona iingxaki ezahlukeneyo kusana:

Kwi-trimester yokuqala yokukhulelwa

Kwi-trimester yokuqala yokukhulelwa, i-ultrasound isetyenziselwa:

• Chonga okanye uqinisekise ubudala bokukhulelwa komntwana;
• Chonga ukuba zingaphi na iintsana ezisesiswini, oku kubaluleke ngakumbi kubafazi abaye bafumana unyango lokuchuma;
• Misela apho umbungu ufakwe kwisibeleko.

Ukuba ukopha kwilungu lobufazi kwenzekile, olu vavanyo lubalulekile ekupheliseni ukukhutshwa kwesisu okuzenzekelayo kunye nokukhulelwa ngaphandle kwesibeleko. Jonga ukuba zeziphi iimpawu ezinokubonisa ukuphuphuma kwesisu.

Kwi-2 yeenyanga ezintathu zokukhulelwa

Kwikota yesibini yokukhulelwa, ngokukhula kunye nokukhula komntwana, uvavanyo luyakwazi ukubonelela ngolwazi oluninzi, olufana:

• Ubukho beengxaki zemfuza ezinje nge-Down's syndrome umzekelo. Kule nto, kule ultrasound, kwenziwa uvavanyo olubizwa ngokuba yiNucal Translucency, umlinganiso owenziwa kwingingqi yentamo yomntwana.
• Ukuchongwa kokungalunganga okunokuba nalo usana;
• Ukuchongwa kwesini somntwana, esihlala sikhona kuphela malunga neveki yama-20 yokukhulelwa;
• Ukuvavanywa kobume bokukhula kwamalungu omntwana, kubandakanya nentliziyo;
• Uvavanyo lokukhula kwabantwana;
• Ukuchongwa kwendawo ye-placenta, ethi ekupheleni kokukhulelwa ingagqumi umlomo wesibeleko, ukuba oku kuyenzeka kukho umngcipheko wokuba umntwana angazalwa ngokuhanjiswa okuqhelekileyo.

Ukongeza, i-microcephaly sesinye isifo esinokuchongwa ngeli xesha, kuba ukuba sikhona, intloko nengqondo yosana zincinci kunokuba bekulindelwe. Funda ngakumbi xa uQonda ukuba yintoni iMicrocephaly kwaye ziziphi iziphumo zosana.

Kwi-trimester yesithathu yokukhulelwa

• Uvavanyo olutsha lokukhula nosana;
• Ukuchongwa kunye nokuvavanywa kwenqanaba le-amniotic fluid;
• Indawo ye-placenta.

Ukongeza, ukusebenza kolu vavanyo ngeli xesha kunokuba yimfuneko ngakumbi xa kukho ukuphuma kwegazi okungachazwanga nokungachazwanga.

Zeziphi iintlobo ze-ultrasound ezinokwenziwa

Ngokuxhomekeke kwimfuno, kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-ultrasound ezinokwenziwa, ezibonelela ngolwazi olungaphezulu okanye oluncinane malunga nosana. Ke, iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-ultrasound ezinokusetyenziswa zezi:

1. I-Ultrasound yangaphakathi: Kuya kwenziwa kuphela ekuqaleni kokukhulelwa kude kube ziiveki ezili-11 kwaye ngamanye amaxesha kuyasebenza ukuqinisekisa ukukhulelwa endaweni yovavanyo lwegazi. Oku kwenziwa ngaphakathi, ngokubeka isixhobo esibizwa ngokuba yi-transducer kwilungu lobufazi kwaye kuyacetyiswa ukusukela kwiveki yesi-5 yokumitha.
2. I-Ultrasound ye-Morphological: Iqukethe i-ultrasound enemifanekiso eneenkcukacha ngakumbi kunangaphambili, evumela ukuvavanywa kokukhula kosana kunye nokukhula kwamalungu alo.
3. I-3D Ultrasound: inemifanekiso ebhetele nangaphezulu kune-morphological ultrasound kwaye inyani yokuba umfanekiso unikwe kwi-3D yonyusa ubukhali. Ngolu hlobo lwe-ultrasound, kunokwenzeka ukuba ulandelele ngcono ukungalunganga kosana, kwaye kunokwenzeka ukuba ubone imbonakalo yobuso bakhe.
4. I-Ultrasound kwi-4D: yi-ultrasound edibanisa umgangatho womfanekiso we-3D kunye nokuhamba kosana ngexesha lokwenyani. Ke, umfanekiso wayo we-3D ngexesha lokwenyani uvumela uhlalutyo olunenkcukacha malunga nokuhamba kosana.

Zombini i-3D ultrasound kunye ne-4D ultrasound kufuneka zenziwe phakathi kweeveki ezingama-26 ukuya kwezingama-29, nanjengoko kulindelekile ukuba umfanekiso ucace gca. Funda ngakumbi ngalo mbandela kwi-3D kunye ne-4D ye-ultrasound bonisa iinkcukacha zobuso bosana kwaye uchonge izifo.

Wonke umntu obhinqileyo okhulelweyo kufuneka enze ubuncinci i-3 ultrasound ngexesha lokukhulelwa, ngamanye amaxesha i-4 ukuba i-intravaginal ultrasound yenziwa kwangoko xa ukhulelwe. Kodwa, ukukhulelwa ngakunye kwahlukile kwaye yingcali yokubelekisa ekufuneka ichaze ukuba zingaphi iimvavanyo eziyimfuneko.

Kwiimeko ezininzi kusetyenziswa i-morphological ultrasound, kwaye kusetyenziswa i-3D okanye i-4D ultrasound kuphela xa kukho nasiphi na isikrokro seengxaki okanye ukungalunganga kosana, okanye ukuba umama unqwenela ukubona iimpawu zobuso bakhe.