Yonke into ofuna ukuyifumana malunga neBenzedrine

Umxholo

• Imbali
• Sebenzisa
• Ingaba isebenza kanjani
• Ubume bezomthetho
• Iingozi
• Imiphumela
• Nini ukuya kwi-ER
• Ukuxhomekeka kunye nokurhoxa
• Ukuxhomekeka
• Ukurhoxa
• Iimpawu libanda
• Umgca wezantsi

I-Benzedrine yayiluphawu lokuqala lwe-amphetamine eyathengiswa e-United States ngo-1930. Ukusetyenziswa kwayo kungekudala. Oogqirha bamisela iimeko ezithile ukusuka kuxinzelelo ukuya kwi-narcolepsy.

Iziphumo zeziyobisi zazingaqondwa kakuhle ngelo xesha. Njengoko ukusetyenziswa kwe-amphetamine kwezonyango kwakusanda, ukusetyenziswa gwenxa kweziyobisi kwaqala ukwanda.

Funda ngokufunda ngembali ye-amphetamine.

Imbali

I-Amphetamine yafunyanwa okokuqala kwii-1880s ngusokhemisi waseRomania. Eminye imithombo ithi yafunyanwa kwiminyaka ye-1910. Ayizange iveliswe njengechiza kude kudlule amashumi eminyaka kamva.

I-Benzedrine yaqala ukuthengiswa ngo-1933 yinkampani yezobisi uSmith, uKline kunye nesiFrentshi. Yayiyinto engaphaya kwekhawuntari (i-OTC) yokuqaqanjiswa kwefomu ye-inhaler.

Ngomnyaka we-1937, ifom ye-amphetamine, iBenzedrine sulphate, yaziswa. Oogqirha bamisela ukuba:

• isiqwenga
• ukudakumba
• ukudinwa okungapheliyo
• ezinye iimpawu

Iyeza liphezulu. Ngexesha leMfazwe yesibini (II) yeHlabathi, amajoni asebenzisa i-amphetamine ukubanceda bahlale bephaphile, bejolise engqondweni, kwaye bekhusela ukudinwa.

Ngu, uqikelelo lubonisa ngaphezulu kwesigidi se-13 samacwecwe e-amphetamine aveliswayo ngenyanga e-United States.

Oku kwakwanele i-amphetamine kwisiqingatha sesigidi sabantu ukuba bathathe iBenzedrine yonke imihla. Ukusetyenziswa okuxhaphakileyo kuncede ukusetyenziswa kwayo gwenxa. Umngcipheko wokuxhomekeka wawungaqondwa kakuhle okwangoku.

Sebenzisa

I-Amphetamine sulphate sisikhuthazi esisetyenziselwa unyango olusemthethweni. Yamkelwe ukusetyenziswa eMelika:

• Ingxaki yokungahambi kakuhle (ADHD)
• isiqwenga
• ukusetyenziswa kwexesha elifutshane ukunciphisa umzimba (ezinye iziyobisi ezine-amphetamine, ezinjengeAdderall, azivunyelwanga ukunciphisa umzimba)

Kodwa i-amphetamine ikwanakho ukusetyenziswa gwenxa. Umzekelo, abafundi basebenzisa kakubi i-amphetamine ukubanceda bafunde, bahlale bephaphile, kwaye bajolise ngakumbi. Akukho bungqina ukuba oku kuluncedo. Kwaye ukusetyenziswa gwenxa okuphindaphindiweyo kwandisa umngcipheko wokusetyenziswa gwenxa kweziyobisi, okanye iziyobisi.

I-Benzedrine ayisekho e-United States. Zikhona ezinye iimveliso ze-amphetamine ezikhoyo namhlanje. Oku kubandakanya i-Evekeo kunye ne-Adzenys XR-ODT.

Ezinye iindlela ze-amphetamine ezikhoyo namhlanje zibandakanya iziyobisi ezithandwayo iAdderall kunye neRitalin.

Ingaba isebenza kanjani

I-Amphetamine isebenza kwingqondo ukunyusa amanqanaba e-dopamine kunye ne-norepinephrine. Ezi khemikhali zobuchopho zinoxanduva lokuziva ulonwabo, phakathi kwezinye izinto.

Ukonyuka kwe-dopamine kunye norepinephrine kunceda nge:

• ingqalelo
• ingqalelo
• amandla
• ukuthintela ukungxamiseka

Ubume bezomthetho

I-Amphetamine ithathwa njengesixhobo esilawulwayo seShedyuli II. Oku kuthetha ukuba inamandla amakhulu okusetyenziswa gwenxa, ngokwe-Drug Enforcing Administration (DEA).

Uphononongo lwango-2018 lufumanise ukuba kubantu abamalunga nezigidi ezili-16 abasebenzisa amayeza kagqirha avuselelayo ngonyaka, malunga nezigidi ezi-5 baxele kakubi. Phantse i-400,000 yayinengxaki yokusebenzisa iziyobisi.

Amanye amagama esitsotsi aqhelekileyo e-amphetamine aquka:

• imali
• ikratshi
• umkhenkce
• ngaphezulu
• isantya

Akukho mthethweni ukuthenga, ukuthengisa, okanye ukuba ne-amphetamine. Kusemthethweni kuphela ukusetyenziswa kunye nokuba nelifa ukuba ugqirha umiselwe wena ngugqirha.

Iingozi

I-Amphetamine sulfate ithwala isilumkiso sebhokisi emnyama. Esi silumkiso siyafuneka kuLawulo lokutya kunye noLawulo lweziyobisi (FDA) kumayeza abeka emngciphekweni omkhulu.

Ugqirha wakho uza kuxoxa ngezibonelelo kunye nomngcipheko we-amphetamine ngaphambi kokuyalela eli yeza.

Iziyobisi ezikhuthazayo zinokubangela iingxaki ngentliziyo yakho, ngengqondo nakwamanye amalungu aphambili.

Iingozi zibandakanya:

• ukwanda kwentliziyo
• ukwanda koxinzelelo lwegazi
• ukukhula kancinci kubantwana
• ukubetha ngesiquphe
• ngengqondo

Imiphumela

I-Amphetamine ineziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezininzi. Ezinye zinokuba nzulu. Banokubandakanya:

• ixhala kunye nokucaphuka
• isiyezi
• umlomo owomileyo
• intloko ebuhlungu
• ingxaki ngobuthongo
• ukuphelelwa ngumdla wokutya kunye nokwehla kobunzima
• Isifo sikaRaynaud
• iingxaki zesini

Ukuba iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ze-amphetamine ziyakukhathaza, thetha nogqirha wakho. Banokutshintsha idosi okanye bafumane amayeza amatsha.

Nini ukuya kwi-ER

Ngamanye amaxesha, abantu banokuphendula kakubi kwi-amphetamine. Yiya kwigumbi likaxakeka okanye utsalele umnxeba ku-911 ukuba unazo naziphi na kwezi mpawu zempendulo ebukhali:

• ukwanda kwentliziyo
• iintlungu zesifuba
• ubuthathaka kwicala lasekhohlo
• intetho engacacanga
• igazi elonyukayo
• ukuxhuzula
• paranoia okanye uloyiko
• Ubundlobongela, nokuziphatha okukhohlakeleyo
• nemibono
• ukwanda okuyingozi kubushushu bomzimba

Ukuxhomekeka kunye nokurhoxa

Umzimba wakho unokukhulisa ukunyamezelana ne-amphetamine. Oku kuthetha ukuba ifuna izixa eziphezulu zechiza ukufumana iziphumo ezifanayo. Ukusetyenziswa gwenxa kunokunyusa umngcipheko wokunyamezelana. Ukunyamezelana kunokuqhubela phambili kukuxhomekeka.

Ukuxhomekeka

Ukusetyenziswa kwexesha elide kwesiyobisi kungakhokelela kukuxhomekeka. Le yimeko xa umzimba wakho uqhela ukuba ne-amphetamine kwaye uyifuna ukuba isebenze ngokwesiqhelo. Njengoko idosi inyuka, umzimba wakho uyalungisa.

Ngokuxhomekeka, umzimba wakho awunakho ukusebenza ngokwesiqhelo ngaphandle kwesiyobisi.

Ngamanye amaxesha, ukuxhomekeka kungakhokelela kukuphazamiseka ekusebenziseni iziyobisi, okanye kwikhoboka leziyobisi. Kubandakanya utshintsho kwingqondo, oluqhuba umnqweno onzulu weziyobisi. Kukho ukusetyenziswa okunyanzelekileyo kwesiyobisi ngaphandle kweziphumo ezibi zentlalo, ezempilo, okanye ezemali.

Eminye yemingcipheko enokubakho ekuphuhliseni ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi kubandakanya:

• ubudala
• yemfuza
• ngesondo
• iimeko zentlalo nezokusingqongileyo

Ezinye zeemeko zempilo yengqondo zinokunyusa umngcipheko wokuphazamiseka ekusebenziseni iziyobisi, kubandakanya:

• uxinzelelo olukhulu
• ukudakumba
• ukuxhuzula
• schizophrenia

Iimpawu zengxaki yokusebenzisa i-amphetamine zinokubandakanya:

• ukusebenzisa iziyobisi nangona ineziphumo ezibi kubomi bakho
• ingxaki ekujongeni imisebenzi yobomi bemihla ngemihla
• Ukuphulukana nomdla wosapho, ubudlelwane, ubuhlobo, njl.
• esebenza ngeendlela ezingxamisekileyo
• ukuziva udidekile, unxunguphalo
• ukungabikho kokulala

Ukunyanga ngokuziphatha kunye namanye amanyathelo axhasayo anokunyanga ukuphazamiseka kokusebenzisa i-amphetamine.

Ukurhoxa

Ukumisa ngesiquphe i-amphetamine emva kokuyisebenzisa okwethutyana kunokukhokelela kwiimpawu zokurhoxa.

Oku kubandakanya:

• ukucaphuka
• ixhala
• ukudinwa
• ukubila
• ukuphuthelwa
• ukunqongophala koqwalaselo okanye ukugxila
• ukudakumba
• Iminqweno yeziyobisi
• isicaphucaphu

Iimpawu libanda

Iimpawu zokudlula ngaphezulu zinokubandakanya:

• ukudideka
• isicaphucaphu nokugabha
• igazi elonyukayo
• ukwanda kwentliziyo
• ukubetha
• ukuxhuzula
• ukuhlaselwa yintliziyo
• ukulimala kwesibindi okanye kwezintso

Akukho lonyango luvunyiweyo lwe-FDA lukhona ukuguqula i-amphetamine overdose. Endaweni yoko, amanyathelo okulawula ukubetha kwentliziyo, uxinzelelo lwegazi, kunye nezinye iziphumo ezibi ezinxulumene neziyobisi yimigangatho yokhathalelo.

Ngaphandle kwamanyathelo enkxaso, i-amphetamine overdose inokukhokelela ekufeni.

Ukufunda ngakumbi okanye ukufumana uncedo lokuphazamiseka ekusebenziseni iziyobisi, fikelela kule mibutho:

• Iziko leLizwe leSizwe ngokuSetyenziswa gwenxa kweziyobisi (i-NIDA)
• Ukusetyenziswa gwenxa kweziyobisi kunye noLawulo lweeNkonzo zeMpilo yeNgqondo (SAMHSA)
• I-Narcotic Engaziwayo (NA)
• Ukuba wena okanye umntu omaziyo usemngciphekweni wokuzenzakalisa okanye ukugqithisa ngabom, tsalela umnxeba iNational Suicide Prevention Lifeline ku-800-273-TALK simahla, inkxaso eyimfihlo 24/7. Unokusebenzisa incoko yabo.

Umgca wezantsi

I-Benzedrine yayiligama lophawu lwe-amphetamine sulphate. Yayisetyenziselwa ukunyanga iimeko ezininzi ezahlukeneyo ukusukela kwiminyaka yoo-1930 ukuya koo-1970.

Ukusetyenziswa gwenxa kwesiyobisi ekugqibeleni kwakhokelela ekwehleni okukhulu kwimveliso kunye nolawulo olungqongqo lweziyobisi ngo-1971. Namhlanje, i-amphetamine isetyenziselwa ukunyanga i-ADHD, isifo sokuqunjelwa, nokutyeba kakhulu.

Ukusetyenziswa gwenxa kwe-Amphetamine kungonakalisa ingqondo, intliziyo kunye namanye amalungu aphambili. Ukugqithisa kwe-amphetamine kunokuba sisongelo lobomi ngaphandle kononophelo lonyango.

Thetha nomboneleli wakho wezempilo ukuba unenkxalabo malunga neyeza lakho.