Ukophuka kolukakayi

Ukuqhekeka kokakayi kukwaphuka okanye ukuqhekeka kumathambo e-cranial (ukakayi).

Ukuqhekeka kwekhakhayi kunokwenzeka ngeengozi zentloko. Ukhakhayi lukhusela kakuhle kwingqondo. Nangona kunjalo, ifuthe elibi okanye ukubetha kunokubangela ukuba ukakayi luphuke. Isenokuhamba nengxubusho okanye omnye umonzakalo kwingqondo.

Ingqondo inokuchaphazeleka ngokuthe ngqo kukonakala kwenkqubo yemithambo-luvo kunye nokopha. Ingqondo inokuchaphazeleka kukopha phantsi kolukakayi. Oku kunokucinezela izicubu zobuchopho ezingaphantsi (subdural or epidural hematoma).

Ukuqhekeka okulula kukophuka kwethambo ngaphandle kokonakala kulusu.

Ukophuka komgca wokwaqhekeka kukophuka kwithambo le-cranial elifana nelayini elincinci, ngaphandle kokuqhekeka, uxinzelelo, okanye ukuphazamiseka kwethambo.

Ukuqhekeka kokakayi kudakumbe kukophuka kwithambo le-cranial (okanye "ityunyuziwe" icandelo lokakayi) ngoxinzelelo lwethambo ukuya kwingqondo.

Ukuqhekeka komxube kubandakanya ukuphuka, okanye ukulahleka, ulusu kunye nokuchaka kwethambo.

Izizathu zokuqhekeka kolukakayi zingabandakanya:

• Ukonzakala kwentloko
• Ukuwa, iingozi zeemoto, ukubethwa emzimbeni kunye nemidlalo

Iimpawu zingabandakanya:

• Ukopha kwilonda, iindlebe, impumlo, okanye ngamehlo ajikelezileyo
• Ukukhukhumala emva kweendlebe okanye phantsi kwamehlo
• Utshintsho kubafundi (ubukhulu abalingani, ayisebenzi ekukhanyeni)
• Ukudideka
• Ukuxhuzula (ukuxhuzula)
• Ubunzima ngokulinganisela
• Umjelo wamanzi acocekileyo okanye anegazi elivela ezindlebeni okanye empumlweni
• Ukozela
• Intloko ebuhlungu
• Ukuphulukana nokuqonda (ukungaphenduli)
• Isicaphucaphu nokugabha
• Ukuphumla, ukucaphuka
• Intetho egudileyo
• Intamo elukhuni
• Ukudumba
• Ukuphazamiseka okubonakalayo

Ngamanye amaxesha, uphawu kuphela olunokuba yintloko entloko. Ukuqhuma okanye ukugruzuka kungathatha ukuya kwiiyure ezingama-24 ukukhula.

Thatha la manyathelo alandelayo ukuba ucinga ukuba umntu uphuke ukakayi:

1. Jonga iindlela zomoya, ukuphefumla, kunye nokuhamba. Ukuba kukho imfuneko, qala ngokuhlangula ukuphefumla kunye neCPR.
2. Kuphephe ukuhambisa umntu (ngaphandle kokuba kunyanzelekile) de kufike uncedo lwezonyango. Yiba nomntu otsalela i-911 (okanye inombolo yongxamiseko yendawo) ngoncedo lonyango.
3. Ukuba umntu kufuneka ashukunyiswe, qaphela ukuzinzisa intloko nentamo. Beka izandla zakho kumacala omabini entloko naphantsi kwamagxa. Musa ukuvumela intloko igobe ngaphambili okanye ngasemva, okanye ijike okanye ijike.
4. Jonga ngononophelo indawo yokwenzakala, kodwa ungaphandi okanye ujikeleze isiza ngento yangaphandle. Kunokuba nzima ukwazi ukuba ukakayi luqhekekile okanye luxinezelekile (kufakwe ngaphakathi) kwindawo yokwenzakala.
5. Ukuba kukho ukopha, sebenzisa uxinzelelo oluqinileyo ngelaphu elicocekileyo kwindawo ebanzi ukulawula ukopha.
6. Ukuba igazi liyangena, sukususa ilaphu lokuqala. Endaweni yoko, faka amalaphu ngaphezulu ngaphezulu, kwaye uqhubeke nokufaka uxinzelelo.
7. Ukuba umntu uyagabha, zinzisa intloko nentamo, kwaye uliguqulele ngononophelo ixhoba ecaleni ukuthintela ukukrwitshwa ngumhlanzo.
8. Ukuba umntu unolwazi kwaye unazo naziphi na kwezi mpawu zidweliswe ngaphambili, thuthela kwiziko lonyango elikufutshane (nokuba umntu akacingi ukuba uncedo lwezonyango luyafuneka).

Landela la manyathelo:

• MUSA ukumhambisa umntu ngaphandle kokuba kunyanzelekile. Ukulimala kwentloko kunokudibaniswa nokulimala komgudu.
• SUKUZISUSE izinto ezivelayo.
• SUKUMVUMELA umntu ukuba aqhubeke nemisebenzi yomzimba.
• Ungalibali ukubukela umntu ngamehlo kude kufike uncedo lwezonyango.
• MUSA ukumnika naliphi na iyeza umntu phambi kokuba uthethe nogqirha.
• SUKUmshiya umntu yedwa, nokuba akukho ngxaki zibonakalayo.

Umboneleli wezempilo uya kwenza uvavanyo lomzimba. Inkqubo yemithambo-luvo yomntu iya kujongwa. Kunokubakho utshintsho kubungakanani bomfundi womntu, amandla okucinga, ukulungelelanisa, kunye nengqondo.

Uvavanyo olunokwenziwa lunokubandakanya:

• Uvavanyo lwegazi kunye nomchamo
• I-EEG (kuvavanyo lobuchwephesha bengqondo) kunokufuneka ukuba ukubanjwa kube khona
• Ukuskena iNtloko ye-CT (ikhompyuter ye-tomography)
• I-MRI (imaging resonance imaging) yobuchopho
• X-reyi

Fumana uncedo lwezonyango kwangoko ukuba:

• Kukho iingxaki ngokuphefumla okanye ukujikeleza.
• Uxinzelelo olungqalileyo aluyeki ukopha empumlweni, ezindlebeni, okanye kwinxeba.
• Kukho umsele wamanzi ocacileyo ovela empumlweni okanye ezindlebeni.
• Kukho ukudumba kobuso, ukopha, okanye ukugruzuka.
• Kukho into ephume kwikakayi.
• Umntu akazi nto, unamaxhuzula, wenzakele kaninzi, ubonakala ekulo naluphi na uxinzelelo, okanye akakwazi ukucinga kakuhle.

Ayizizo zonke iintlungu zentloko ezinokuthintelwa. La manyathelo alula alandelayo anokunceda ukugcina wena nomntwana wakho nikhuselekile:

1. Njalo sebenzisa izixhobo zokukhusela ngexesha lezinto ezinokubangela ukulimala kwentloko. Oku kubandakanya amabhanti okuhlala, ibhayisekile okanye iminqwazi yokukhwela izithuthuthu neminqwazi.
2. Funda kwaye ulandele iingcebiso ngokhuseleko lwebhayisikile.
3. Sukusela uqhube. Ungazivumeli ukuba uqhutyelwe ngumntu osele utywala okanye onengxaki ethile.

Ukophuka kwekhayi leBasilar; Ukuqhekeka kogebhezi; Ukophuka komgca wokwehla komgama

• Ukhakhayi lomntu omdala
• Ukophuka kolukakayi
• Ukophuka kolukakayi
• Uphawu lomlo - emva kwendlebe
• Ukophuka kwengalo yomntwana

I-Bazarian JJ, iLing GSF. Ukulimala kwengqondo ebuhlungu kunye nokwenzakala kwethambo lomqolo. Ku: IGoldman L, iSchafer AI, ii-eds. Amayeza eGoldman-Cecil. Ngomhla wama-26. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahl. 371.

UPapa L, Goldberg SA. Ukonzakala kwentloko. Ku: Iindonga RM, iHockberger RS, iGausche-Hill M, ii-eds. Unyango lukaRosen oluNgxamisekileyo: iikhonsepthi kunye nokuziqhelanisa neklinikhi. Umhla we-9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; I-2018: isahluko 34.

IRoskind CG, iPryor HI, iKlein BL. Unonophelo olunzulu lokonzakala okuninzi. Ku: Kliegman RM, St Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, ii-eds. Incwadi kaNelson yeNcwadi yePediatrics. Umhla wama-21. IPhiladelphia, PA. Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 82.