I-pneumonia ye-Atypical

I-pneumonia iyavutha okanye idumbe izicwili zemiphunga ngenxa yosulelo lwentsholongwane.

Nge-pneumonia ye-atypical, usulelo lubangelwa ziibhaktheriya ezahlukeneyo kunezona ziqhelekileyo zibangela inyumoniya. I-pneumonia ye-Atypical ikwanomdla wokuba neempawu ezomeleleyo kune-pneumonia eqhelekileyo.

Iibhakteria ezibangela i-pneumonia ye-atypical ibandakanya:

• I-Mycoplasma pneumonia ibangelwa yintsholongwane Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Ihlala ichaphazela abantu abangaphantsi kweminyaka engama-40.
• Iinyumoniya ngenxa I-Chlamydophila pneumoniae Iibhaktheriya zenzeka unyaka wonke.
• Iinyumoniya ngenxa Legionella pneumophila Iibhaktheriya zibonwa rhoqo kubantu abadala kunye nabadala, abantu abatshayayo, kunye nabo banezigulo ezinganyangekiyo okanye amajoni omzimba abuthathaka. Inokuba nzima ngakumbi. Olu hlobo lwenyumoniya lukwabizwa ngokuba sisifo seLegionnaire.

I-pneumonia ngenxa ye-mycoplasma kunye ne-chlamydophila bacteria ihlala ithambile. I-pneumonia ngenxa ye-legionella iba mandundu ngexesha leentsuku ezi-4 ukuya kwezi-6 zokuqala, emva koko iphucule ngaphezulu kweentsuku ezi-4 ukuya kwezi-5.

Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo zenyumoniya zezi:

• Ukugodola
• Ukukhwehlela (kunye ne-legionella pneumonia, unokukhohlela i-mucus enegazi)
• Umkhuhlane, onokuba nobulali okanye phezulu
• Ukuphefumla kancinci (kunokwenzeka kuphela xa uzibhokoxa)

Ezinye iimpawu zibandakanya:

• Intlungu yesifuba iba mandundu xa uphefumla nzulu okanye ukhohlela
• Ukudideka, kuhlala kunjalo kubantu abadala okanye abo bane-legionella pneumonia
• Intloko ebuhlungu
• Ukuphelelwa ngumdla, amandla aphantsi nokudinwa
• Ubuhlungu bemisipha kunye nokuqina kwamalungu
• Ukubila kunye nolusu olushushu

Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo ziquka:

• Urhudo (uhlala ene-legionella pneumonia)
• Intlungu yeendlebe (kunye ne-mycoplasma pneumonia)
• Intlungu yamehlo okanye ukukhathazeka (kunye ne-mycoplasma pneumonia)
• Isigaxa sentamo (kunye ne-mycoplasma pneumonia)
• Irhash (ene-mycoplasma pneumonia)
• Umqala obuhlungu (kunye ne-mycoplasma pneumonia)

Abantu abane-pneumonia ekrokrelwayo kufuneka babe novavanyo olupheleleyo lonyango. Kungaba nzima kumboneleli wakho wezempilo ukuba uxele ukuba unayo i-pneumonia, i-bronchitis, okanye olunye usulelo lokuphefumla, ke unokufuna i-x-ray yesifuba.

Kuxhomekeke kubuzaza bempawu, ezinye iimvavanyo zinokwenziwa, kubandakanya:

• Gcwalisa ubalo lwegazi (CBC)
• Uvavanyo lwegazi ukuchonga intsholongwane ethile
• I-Bronchoscopy (ayifane ifuneke)
• Ukuxilongwa kwe-CT kwesifuba
• Ukulinganisa amanqanaba eoksijini kunye nekhabhon dioksi egazini (iarterial gases zegazi)
• Impumlo okanye umqala swab ukujonga iintsholongwane kunye neentsholongwane
• Iinkcubeko zegazi
• I-biopsy evulekileyo yemiphunga (yenziwa kuphela kwizifo ezinobuzaza xa isifo singenakwenziwa kweminye imithombo)
• Inkcubeko yesikhohlela ichonga intsholongwane ethile
• Ukuvavanya umchamo ukukhangela ibacteria yeLegionella

Ukuze uzive ungcono, ungathatha la manyathelo okuzikhathalela ekhaya:

• Lawula umkhuhlane wakho nge-aspirin, ii-NSAID (ezinje nge-ibuprofen okanye i-naproxen), okanye i-acetaminophen. UNGABANIKI i-aspirin abantwana kuba inokubangela isigulo esiyingozi esibizwa ngokuba yiReye syndrome.
• Sukuthatha amayeza okukhohlela ungaqalanga uthethe nomboneleli wakho. Amayeza okukhohlela anokwenza nzima ukuba umzimba wakho ukhohlele isikhohlela esongezelelweyo.
• Phuza ulwelo oluninzi ukunceda ukhulule imfihlo kunye nokuzisa i-phlegm.
• Phumla ngokwaneleyo. Unomnye umntu owenza imisebenzi yasekhaya.

Ukuba uyafuneka, uya kumiselwa amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane.

• Unokwazi ukuthatha ii-antibiotics ngomlomo ekhaya.
• Ukuba imeko yakho imbi kakhulu, uya kungeniswa esibhedlele. Kulapho, uya kunikwa i-antibiotics ngomthambo (ngaphakathi), kunye neoksijini.
• I-antibiotics ingasetyenziselwa iiveki ezimbini okanye ngaphezulu.
• Gqiba zonke i-antibiotics ozimiselweyo, nokuba uziva ungcono. Ukuba uyeka iyeza ngokukhawuleza, inyumoniya inokubuya kwaye kunokuba nzima ukunyanga.

Uninzi lwabantu abane-pneumonia ngenxa ye-mycoplasma okanye i-chlamydophila ziba ngcono ngamayeza alwa nawo. I-Legionella pneumonia ingaba nzima. Ingakhokelela kwiingxaki, amaxesha amaninzi kwabo banesifo sezintso, isifo seswekile, isifo esinganyangekiyo semiphunga (COPD), okanye amajoni omzimba abuthathaka. Ingakhokelela nasekufeni.

Iingxaki ezinokubakho zibandakanya nayiphi na kwezi zilandelayo:

• Ubuchopho kunye neentsholongwane zesifo, ezifana ne-meningitis, myelitis kunye ne-encephalitis
• I-hemolytic anemia, imeko apho kungonelanga iiseli ezibomvu egazini kuba umzimba uyazitshabalalisa
• Umonakalo omkhulu wemiphunga
• Ukungaphumeleli kokuphefumula okufuna inkxaso yomatshini wokuphefumla (i-ventilator)

Nxibelelana nomboneleli wakho ukuba ukhula umkhuhlane, ukukhohlela, okanye ukuphefumla kancinci. Zininzi izinto ezibangela ezi mpawu. Umboneleli uya kufuna ukukhupha inyumoniya.

Kwakhona, tsalela umnxeba ukuba ufumaneke unolu hlobo lwenyumoniya kwaye iimpawu zakho ziya zisiba mbi emva kokuphucula kuqala.

Hlamba izandla zakho rhoqo kwaye nabanye abantu abakungqongileyo benza okufanayo.

Kuphephe ukunxibelelana nabantu abagulayo nanini na kunokwenzeka.

Ukuba amajoni akho omzimba abuthathaka, hlala kude nezihlwele. Buza iindwendwe ezinengqele ukuba zinxibe imaski.

Musa ukutshaya. Ukuba uyakwenza oko, funa uncedo ukuze uyeke.

Fumana umkhuhlane unyaka nonyaka. Buza umboneleli wakho ukuba ufuna isitofu sokuthintela inyumoniya.

Inyumoniya yokuhamba; I-pneumonia efunyanwa ekuhlaleni-e-atypical

• I-pneumonia kubantu abadala - ukukhutshwa
• I-pneumonia kubantwana - ukukhutshwa

• Amaphaphu
• Inkqubo yokuphefumla

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IHolzman RS, iSimberkoff MS, iLeaf HL. Mycoplasma pneumoniae kunye nenyumoniya e-atypical. Ku: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, ii-eds. Mandell, Douglas, kunye neBennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. Umhla we-9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahl. 183.

UMoran GJ, uWaxman MA. Ukukrala kwemiphunga. Ku: Iindonga RM, iHockberger RS, iGausche-Hill M, ii-eds. Unyango lukaRosen oluNgxamisekileyo: iikhonsepthi kunye nokuziqhelanisa neklinikhi. Umhla we-9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; I-2018: isahluko 66.