Malabsorption

I-Malabsorption ibandakanya iingxaki xa umzimba ukwazi ukuthatha (ukufunxa) izakhamzimba ekutyeni.

Izifo ezininzi zinokubangela i-malabsorption. Rhoqo, i-malabsorption ibandakanya iingxaki zokufunxa iswekile, amafutha, iiproteni, okanye iivithamini. Ingabandakanya ingxaki ngokubanzi ngokutya ukutya.

Iingxaki okanye ukonakala kumathumbu amancinci anokukhokelela kwiingxaki zokufunxa izakha mzimba ezibalulekileyo. Oku kubandakanya:

• Isifo seCeliac
• I-tropical sprue
• Isifo seCrohn
• Isifo semvubu
• Umonakalo kunyango lwe-radiation
• Ukwanda kweebhaktheriya kwisisu esincinci
• Isifunxi-gazi okanye usuleleko lwentshulube ye tapeworm
• Utyando olususa konke okanye inxenye yamathumbu amancinci

Ii-enzyme eziveliswa yipancreas zinceda ukufunxa amafutha nezinye izakha-mzimba. Ukwehla kwezi enzymes kwenza kubenzima ukufunxa amafutha kunye nezakha mzimba ezithile. Iingxaki ngepancreas zinokubangelwa:

• Icystic fibrosis
• Usulelo okanye ukudumba kwepancreas
• Ukuxhwaleka kwipancreas
• Utyando lokususa inxenye yepancreas

Ezinye zezinye izinto ezibangela ukuba i-malabsorption ibandakanye:

• AIDS kunye ne-HIV
• Amayeza athile (i-tetracycline, ezinye ii-antacids, amanye amayeza asetyenziselwa ukunyanga ukutyeba, i-colchicine, i-acarbose, i-phenytoin, i-cholestyramine)
• Gastrectomy kunye nonyango lotyando lokutyeba kakhulu
• ICholestasis
• Isifo sesibindi esinganyangekiyo
• Ukunyamezelana kweprotein yobisi lweCow
• Ukunganyamezelani kweprotein yobisi

Kubantwana, ubunzima obukhoyo ngoku okanye inqanaba lokufumana ubunzima lihlala liphantsi kakhulu kunelabanye abantwana abakwiminyaka efanayo nesini. Oku kubizwa ngokuba kukusilela ukuchuma. Umntwana usenokungakhuli kwaye akhule ngesiqhelo.

Abantu abadala banokungaphumeleli ukukhula, ngokulahleka kwesisindo, ukulahleka kwemisipha, ubuthathaka kunye neengxaki zokucinga.

Utshintsho kwizitulo zihlala zikhona, kodwa hayi rhoqo.

Utshintsho kwizitulo lunokubandakanya:

• Ukuqhawula, ukunyanzelisa kunye negesi
• Izitulo ezinobunzima
• Urhudo olunganyangekiyo
• Izitulo ezinamafutha (steatorrhea)

Umboneleli wakho wezempilo uya kwenza uvavanyo. Uvavanyo olunokwenziwa lunokubandakanya:

• Uvavanyo lwegazi kunye nomchamo
• Ukuvavanywa kwe-CT kwesisu
• Uvavanyo lokuphefumla ngeHydrogen
• MR okanye i-CT
• Uvavanyo lweSchilling lokusilela kwe-vitamin B12
• Uvavanyo lokukhuthaza ngasese
• I-biopsy encinci yamathumbu
• Isitulo senkcubeko okanye inkcubeko yamathumbu amancinci amathumbu
• Uvavanyo lwamafutha esitulo
• I-X-ray yamathumbu amancinci okanye ezinye iimvavanyo zokucinga

Unyango luxhomekeke kwisizathu kwaye lujolise ekupheliseni iimpawu kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuba umzimba ufumana izondlo ezaneleyo.

Ukutya okuphezulu kweekhalori kunokuzama. Kuya kufuneka ibonelele:

• Iivithamini eziphambili kunye neeminerals, ezinje nge-iron, folic acid, kunye nevithamini B12
• Iicarbohydrate zanele, iiproteni kunye namafutha

Ukuba kukho imfuneko, kuya kuthunyelwa iinaliti zeevithamini kunye neeminerals. Abo banomonakalo kwipancreas banokufuna ukuthatha ii-enzymes zepancreatic. Umboneleli wakho uya kukuyalela oku ukuba kukho imfuneko.

Amayeza okunciphisa intshukumo eqhelekileyo yamathumbu anokuzama. Oku kunokuvumela ukutya ukuba kuhlala emathunjini ixesha elide.

Ukuba umzimba awukwazi ukufunxa izondlo ezaneleyo, isondlo se-parenteral (TPN) iyazama. Kuya kunceda wena okanye umntwana wakho ukuba afumane isondlo kwifomula ekhethekileyo ngokusebenzisa umthambo emzimbeni. Umboneleli wakho uya kukhetha inani elifanelekileyo leekhalori kunye nesisombululo se-TPN. Ngamanye amaxesha, unokutya kwaye usele ngelixa ufumana isondlo kwi-TPN.

Umbono uxhomekeke kwinto ebangela ukuba i-malabsorption.

I-malabsorption yexesha elide inokubangela:

• Ukunqongophala kwegazi
• Amatye egall
• Amatye eentso
• Amathambo amancinci kwaye athathaka

Fowunela umboneleli wakho ukuba uneempawu ze-malabsorption.

Ukuthintela kuxhomekeke kwimeko ebangela i-malabsorption.

• Inkqubo yokwetyisa
• Icystic fibrosis
• Inkqubo yokugaya ukutya

IHögenauer C, iHammer HF. Maldigestion kunye malabsorption. Ku: UFeldman M, uFriedman LS, uBrandt LJ, ii-eds. Sleisenger kunye neFordtran's Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease. Ngomhla we-11. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2021: isahl. 104.

Semrad CE. Sondela kwisigulana ngesifo sorhudo kunye ne-malabsorption. Ku: IGoldman L, iSchafer AI, ii-eds. Amayeza eGoldman-Cecil. Ngomhla wama-26. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahl. 131.