Iirockets

IiRickets sisiphazamiso esibangelwa kukuswela ivithamin D, calcium, okanye iphosphate. Kukhokelela ekuthambiseni nasekutyhafiseni amathambo.

I-Vitamin D inceda umzimba ulawule amanqanaba e-calcium kunye nephosphate. Ukuba amanqanaba egazi kwezi zimbiwa aba phantsi kakhulu, umzimba unokuvelisa iihomoni ezibangela ukuba ikhalsiyam kunye nephosphate zikhutshwe emathanjeni. Oku kukhokelela kumathambo athathaka kwaye athambileyo.

I-Vitamin D ifunxwa ekutyeni okanye eveliswa lulusu xa ivezwe kukukhanya kwelanga. Ukunqongophala kwemveliso ye-vitamin D kulusu kunokwenzeka kubantu aba:

• Phila kwiindawo ezinemozulu engathathi ntweni elangeni
• Kufuneka uhlale ngaphakathi
• Sebenza ngaphakathi endlwini ngexesha lasemini

Awunakufumana i-vitamin D eyaneleyo ekudleni kwakho ukuba:

• Ngaba i-lactose ayinyamezelani (ibanengxaki yokwetyisa iimveliso zobisi)
• Musa ukusela iimveliso zobisi
• Landela ukutya kwemifuno

Iintsana ezincanciswa kuphela zinokuphuhlisa ukusilela kwe-vitamin D. Ubisi lwebele lomntu alunikezeli isixa esifanelekileyo sevithamini D. Oku kunokuba yingxaki ethile kubantwana abanesikhumba esimnyama kwiinyanga zobusika. Kungenxa yokuba kukho amanqanaba asezantsi elanga kwezi nyanga.

Ukungayifumani ngokwaneleyo i-calcium kunye ne-phosphorus ekudleni kwakho kunokukhokelela nakwii-rickets. IiRickets ezibangelwa kukunqongophala kwezi minerali ekutyeni kunqabile kumazwe ahambele phambili. I-calcium ne-phosphorus zifumaneka kubisi nakwimifuno eluhlaza.

Imfuza yakho inokuwonyusa umngcipheko weerickets. Iirickets ezililifa lolunye uhlobo lwesifo esidluliselwa kwiintsapho. Kwenzeka xa izintso zingakwazi ukubambelela kwi-phosphate yamaminerali. IiRickets zisenokubangelwa kukuphazamiseka kwezintso okubandakanya i-renal tubular acidosis.

Ukuphazamiseka okunciphisa ukwetyiswa okanye ukufunxwa kwamafutha kuya kwenza kube nzima ngakumbi ukuba ivithamin D ingene emzimbeni.

Ngamanye amaxesha, iirickets zinokubakho kubantwana abanengxaki yesibindi. Aba bantwana abanakuguqula ivithamin D kwifom yayo esebenzayo.

IiRickets zinqabile eMelika. Inokwenzeka kakhulu ukuba yenzeke ebantwaneni ngexesha lokukhula ngokukhawuleza. Yile minyaka xa umzimba ufuna amanqanaba aphezulu e-calcium kunye ne-phosphate. Iirikethi zinokubonwa kubantwana abaneminyaka emi-6 ukuya kwezi-24 iinyanga. Kuyinto eqhelekileyo kwiintsana ezisandul 'ukuzalwa.

Iimpawu zerickets zibandakanya:

• Intlungu yethambo okanye ukuthamba kwiingalo, imilenze, isinqe kunye nomqolo
• Ukuhla kwethoni yemisipha (ukuphulukana namandla emisipha) kunye nobuthathaka obuba mandundu
• Ukukhubazeka kwamazinyo, kubandakanya ukulibaziseka ukwenziwa kwamazinyo, iziphene kulwakhiwo lwamazinyo, imingxunya kwi-koqweqwe lwawo, kunye nemingxunya eyandayo (amazinyo)
• Ukukhula okungalunganga
• Ukwanda kwamathambo
• Iintlanzi zemisipha
• Isifutshane (abantu abadala abangaphantsi kweenyawo ezintlanu okanye i-1.52 yeemitha ubude)
• Ukukhubazeka kwamathambo njengekrele elinemilo engaqhelekanga, izikhonkwane, amaqhuma kwi-ribcage (i-rachitic rosary), isifuba esifakwa phambili (isifuba sejuba), ukukhubazeka kwe-pelvic, kunye nokukhubazeka komqolo (umqolo ojikeleza ngokungaqhelekanga, kubandakanya i-scoliosis okanye i-kyphosis)

Uvavanyo lomzimba lubonisa ukuthamba okanye iintlungu emathanjeni, kodwa hayi kumalungu okanye izihlunu.

Olu vavanyo lulandelayo lunokunceda ekufumaniseni iirickets:

• Iigesi zegazi
• Uvavanyo lwegazi (serum calcium)
• I-Bone biopsy (ayifane yenziwe)
• Iithambo x-reyi
• Iserum alkaline phosphatase (ALP)
• I-serum phosphorus

Olunye uvavanyo kunye neenkqubo zibandakanya oku kulandelayo:

• I-ALP isoenzyme
• I-calcium (ionized)
• Ihomoni yeParathyroid (PTH)
• I-calcium yomchamo

Iinjongo zonyango kukukhulula iimpawu kunye nokulungisa unobangela wale meko. Unobangela kufuneka unyangwe ukuthintela ukubuya kwesi sifo.

Ukutshintsha i-calcium, i-phosphorus, okanye i-vitamin D engekhoyo kuya kuphelisa uninzi lweempawu zerickets. Imithombo yokutya ivithamin D ibandakanya isibindi sentlanzi kunye nobisi olwenziweyo.

Ukuboniswa kwimilinganiselo yokukhanya kwelanga kuyakhuthazwa. Ukuba iirickets zibangelwa yingxaki ye-metabolic, amayeza ka-vitamin D anokufuneka.

Ukubeka indawo okanye ukuqinisela kungasetyenziselwa ukunciphisa okanye ukuthintela ukukhubazeka. Olunye ukonakala kwamathambo kunokufuna utyando ukuzilungisa.

Ingxaki inokulungiswa ngokutshintsha i-vitamin D kunye neemaminerali. Ixabiso leLebhu kunye ne-x-ray zihlala ziphucula emva kweveki enye. Amanye amatyala anokufuna iidosi ezinkulu zeeminerali kunye nevithamini D.

Ukuba ii-rickets azilungiswa ngelixa umntwana esakhula, ukukhubazeka kwamathambo kunye nobude obufutshane kunokuba sisigxina. Ukuba ilungiswa ngelixa umntwana esemncinci, ukukhubazeka kwamathambo kuhlala kuphucula okanye kuphele ngokuhamba kwexesha.

Iingxaki ezinokubakho zezi:

• Ixesha elide (elingapheliyo) intlungu yesifo
• Ukukhubazeka kwamathambo
• Ukuqhekeka kwamathambo, kunokwenzeka ngaphandle kwesizathu

Tsalela umnxeba ukhathalelo lwempilo lomntwana wakho ukuba ubona iimpawu zerickets.

Unokuthintela ii-rickets ngokuqinisekisa ukuba umntwana wakho ufumana i-calcium eyaneleyo, i-phosphorus, kunye ne-vitamin D ekudleni kwabo. Abantwana abanokugaya ukutya okanye ezinye iingxaki banokufuna ukuthatha izongezo ezimiselweyo ngumboneleli womntwana.

Izifo zezintso (zezintso) ezinokubangela ukufunxeka okungafunekiyo ku-vitamin D kufuneka ziphathwe kwangoko. Ukuba uneengxaki zezintso, jonga i-calcium kunye nephosphorus rhoqo.

Ingcebiso ngemfuzo inokunceda abantu abanembali yosapho yokuphazamiseka kwilifa kunokubangela iirickets.

IOsteomalacia ebantwaneni; Ukusilela kweVitamin D; Ukurhuqa; IiRickets ezinesibindi

• X-reyi

Bhan A, Rao AD, Bhadada SK, Rao SD. IiRickets kunye ne-osteomalacia. KwiMelmed S, Auchus RJ, Goldfine AB, Koenig RJ, Rosen CJ, ii-eds. Incwadi ebhaliweyo kaWilliam ye-Endocrinology. Umhla we-14. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahl 31.

Demay MB, Krane SM. Ukuphazamiseka kwezimbiwa. Ku: Jameson JL, De Groot LJ, de Kretser DM, et al, ii-eds. Endocrinology: Abantu abadala kunye nabantwana. Umhla wesi-7. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; Ngo-2016: isahluko 71.

IGreenbaum LA. Ukusilela kweVitamin D (iirickets) kunye nokugqitha. Ku: Kliegman RM, St Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, ii-eds. Incwadi kaNelson yeNcwadi yePediatrics. Umhla wama-21. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahl. 64.

I-Weinstein RS. Osteomalacia kunye neerickets. Ku: IGoldman L, iSchafer AI, ii-eds. Amayeza eGoldman-Cecil. Ngomhla wama-26. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahl 231.