Le Mifanekiso yoMhlaza wolusu ingakunceda ubone iMole ekrokrisayo

Umxholo

• Ingaba ukhangeleka njani uMhlaza wolusu ongeyoMelanoma?
• Isiseko seCarcinoma yeBasal (BCC)
• I-Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC)
• Umhlaza weMelanoma Ulusu
• Zithini ii-ABCDE's moles?
• Ngaba ikhona eminye imiqondiso yokulumkisa ngomhlaza wolusu?
• Kufuneka uwujonge kangaphi umhlaza wolusu?
• Uphengululo lwe

Akunakuphika: ukuchitha ixesha elangeni kunokuziva kumnandi kakhulu, ngakumbi emva kobusika obude. Kwaye okoko unxibe i-SPF kwaye ungatshi, ucacile xa kufikwa kumhlaza wolusu, akunjalo? Akulunganga. Inyaniso: Akukho nto ibizwa ngokuba yi-tan esempilweni. Ngokukrakra. Kungenxa yokuba zombini iitani kunye nokutshiswa lilanga kukhokelela kumonakalo we-DNA onokuvula indlela eya kwi-C enkulu njengoko kungqinwa yile mifanekiso yomhlaza wolusu. (Eyeleleneyo: Amayeza okutshiswa lilanga ukuthomalalisa ulusu olutshisiweyo)

Uthintelo, njengokunxiba i-SPF yonke imihla, linyathelo lokuqala. Kodwa ukuziqhelanisa nemifanekiso yomhlaza wolusu njengemizekelo kunokukunceda ukuba ubone into eqhelekileyo kunye nento engekhoyo, kwaye ke, inokusindisa ubomi bakho. Ulusu lweCancer Foundation luqikelela ukuba umntu omnye kwabahlanu baseMelika uzakuphuhlisa umhlaza wolusu ngaphambi kweminyaka engama-70, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ube ngumhlaza oqhelekileyo e-US. Ngaphezu koko, yonke imihla eMelika, abantu abangaphezulu kwama-9,500 bafunyaniswe benomhlaza wolusu kwaye ngaphezulu kwabantu ababini bayafa yesifo iyure nganye, ngokwesiseko.

Njengoko ukhe weva ngaphambili, umngcipheko womntu we-melanoma ophindwe kabini ukuba uthe watshiswa lilanga ezintlanu okanye nangaphezulu ebomini babo, utshilo uHadley King, MD, ugqirha wesikhumba eNew York City. Imbali yosapho yomhlaza wolusu nayo iyakwandisa umngcipheko wakho. Sekunjalo, wonke umntu xa uhlaselwe lilanga okanye enye i-UV (efana neebhedi zolusu) usengozini yokuba nomhlaza wolusu. (Jonga kwakhona: Esi sixhobo esitsha sijongeka njengobuGcisa bezikhonkwane kodwa silandelela ukuvezwa kwakho kwe-UV.)

"Ulusu lunokuba mhlophe qhwa okanye itshokholethi emdaka kodwa usemngciphekweni," utshilo uCharles E. Crutchfield III, MD, unjingalwazi kwezonyango kwiDyunivesithi yaseMinnesota Medical School. Nangona kunjalo, kuyinyani ukuba abantu abanolusu olukhanyayo bane-melanin encinci, kwaye ke ukhuseleko oluncinci kwimitha ye-UV, eyonyusa umngcipheko wokufumana i-tan okanye ukutshiswa lilanga. Ngapha koko, ukuxilongwa kwe-melanoma kunamathuba angama-20 kwabamhlophe kunabantu base-Afrika baseMelika, ngokwe-American Cancer Society. Inkxalabo yabantu ngombala kukuba umhlaza wolusu uhlala ufunyaniswe kamva nakwizigaba eziphambili ngakumbi, xa kunzima kakhulu ukunyanga.

Ngoku ukuba unezinto ezisisiseko somngcipheko phantsi, lixesha lokuba uqhubekele kwinxalenye engeyiyo-intle: imifanekiso yomhlaza wolusu. Ukuba ukhe waziva ukhathazekile malunga ne-mole ekrokrisayo okanye utshintsho olungaqhelekanga kwesikhumba okanye iGoogled 'ubonakala njani umhlaza wolusu?' emva koko funda uqhubeke. Kwaye nokuba awukakwenzi, kusafuneka uqhubeke ufunda.

Ingaba ukhangeleka njani uMhlaza wolusu ongeyoMelanoma?

Umhlaza wolusu uhlelwe njenge-melanoma kunye ne-non-melanoma. Olona hlobo luqhelekileyo lomhlaza wolusu yi-non-melanoma kwaye zimbini iintlobo: i-basal cell carcinoma kunye ne-squamous cell carcinoma. Zombini ezi ntlobo zinxibelelene ngokuthe ngqo nobude bexesha lakho lokuvela elangeni kunye nophuhliso kwi-epidermis, aka ungqimba olungaphezulu lolusu lwakho, utshilo uGqirha King. (Idibeneyo: Indlela amaXwebhu azikhusela ngayo kuMhlaza weSikhumba.)

Isiseko seCarcinoma yeBasal (BCC)

I-basal cell carcinomas ixhaphake kakhulu entloko nasentanyeni. Ii-BCCs zidla ngokuvela njengesilonda esivulekileyo okanye umbala wolusu, obomvu, okanye ngamanye amaxesha mnyama-nombala onomda weperile okanye oguquguqukayo obonakala uqengqeleka. Ii-BCCs zisenokuvela njengebala elibomvu (elinokurhawuzelelwa okanye libe buhlungu), iqhuma elibenyezelayo, okanye indawo enomthwebeba, efana nesiva.

Ngelixa olona hlobo luhlala luvela lomhlaza wolusu, kunqabile ukuba lusasaze ngaphaya kwendawo yokuqala. Endaweni yokuhlengahlengisa njenge-melanoma (ngaphezulu kule ingezantsi), i-basal cell carcinoma ihlasela izicwili eziyingqongileyo, iyenza ingabulali kangako, kodwa iphakamisa ithuba lokonakala, ngokwe-US National Library of Medicine (NLM). I-basal cell carcinomas ihlala isuswa ngotyando kwaye ayifuni nonyango longezelelekileyo, utshilo uGqirha King.

I-Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC)

Ukuya ngokulandelayo ekujikelezeni imifanekiso yomhlaza wolusu: squamous cell carcinoma, yesibini yeyona ndlela ixhaphakileyo yomhlaza wolusu. I-squamous cell carcinomas zihlala zikhangeleka ngathi ziingqombela ezibomvu ezinamaxolo okanye ezinombala wolusu, izilonda ezivulekileyo, iintsumpa, okanye ukukhula okunyukayo okunokudakumba okuphakathi kwaye inokuqhuma okanye yophe.

Kuya kufuneka ukuba basuswe ngotyando, kodwa banobuzaza kakhulu kuba banokusasazeka kwii-lymph node kwaye banokubakho malunga neepesenti ezintlanu ukuya kwiipesenti zokufa kwabantu eUnited States, utshilo uGqirha King. (BTW, ngaba ubusazi ukuba ukutya isitrasi kunokunyusa umngcipheko womhlaza wolusu?)

Umhlaza weMelanoma Ulusu

Mthande okanye umthiye, kubalulekile ukuba wazi ukuba i-moles yakho ibukeka njani kwaye iguqukile njani kuba umhlaza wolusu lwe-melanoma uhlala uvela kwiiseli zemole.Ngelixa ingeyiyo exhaphakileyo, i-melanoma lolona hlobo lomhlaza wolusu luyingozi. Xa ifunyenwe yaza yanyangwa kwangethuba, imelanoma iyanyangeka, nangona kunjalo, inokunwenwela kwamanye amalungu omzimba ize ibulale ukuba ayinyangwanga. Kungenxa yoko le nto kubaluleke kakhulu ukuphonononga le mifanekiso yomhlaza wolusu kwaye wazi ukuba ukhangeleka njani umhlaza wolusu.

I-American Cancer Society iqikelela ukuba ngo-2020, malunga ne-100,350 yamatyala amatsha e-melanoma aza kufunyaniswa — ama-60,190 emadodeni nama-40,160 kwabasetyhini. Ngokungafaniyo nomhlaza wolusu ongeyiyo imelanoma, indlela yokuba sesichengeni selanga ekukholelwa ukuba ikhokelela kwimelanoma kukuba sesichengeni esifutshane, esibukhali—ngokomzekelo ukutshiswa lilanga okunamadyungudyungu, kunokuba yiminyaka yokuba ulusu, utsho uGqr. King.

Ijongeka kanjani: IMelanomas ngokubanzi ibonakala njengesilonda esimnyama esinemida engaqhelekanga, utshilo uGqirha Crutchfield. Ukumisela ugqirha kuthetha, isilonda naluphi na utshintsho olungaqhelekanga kwizicubu zolusu, njengemole. Ukwazi isiseko solusu lwakho ngundoqo ukuze ukwazi ukuqaphela naziphi na ii-moles ezintsha okanye utshintsho kwii-moles ezikhoyo okanye i-freckles. (Eyeleleneyo: Indlela Olunye Uhambo oluya kuGqirha weDermatologist olwasindisa ngayo ulusu lwam)

Zithini ii-ABCDE's moles?

Imifanekiso yomhlaza wolusu iluncedo, kodwa le yindlela yokuzama neyinyani yokuphendula, "ubonakala njani umhlaza wolusu?" Indlela yokuchonga iincukuthu ezinomhlaza ibizwa ngokuba "luphawu lwedada olubi" kuba ujonga olungaqhelekanga; i-mole enobukhulu obahlukileyo, imilo, okanye umbala kunee-moles ezingqongileyo. Ii-ABCDE's moles ziya kukufundisa ukuba uwubona njani umhlaza wolusu, amadada amabi ukuba uyafuna. (Ungandwendwela iwebhusayithi yeAmerican Academy of Dermatology ukuze ufumane eminye imifanekiso yendlela onokuzibona ngayo ii-moles ezikrokrisayo.)

I-Asymmetry: Ukuba "ungalisonga" imole ngesiqingatha, omabini amacala elingalunganga akanakulungelelana ngokulinganayo.

B - isitenxo somda: I-border irregularity kuxa i-mole inomphetho ogoso okanye ojijekileyo kune-edge engqukuva, egudileyo.

C — Ukwahluka kombala: Ezinye ii-moles zimnyama, ezinye zilula, ezinye zimdaka, kwaye ezinye zipinki kodwa zonke ii-moles kufuneka zibe ngumbala ofanayo. Iringi emnyama okanye amabala anemibala eyahlukeneyo (mdaka, ntsundu, amhlophe, obomvu, okanye abhlowu) kwi-mole kufuneka ibekwe esweni.

D - Ububanzi: Imolekyuli akufuneki ibe nkulu kune-6 mm. I-mole enkulu kune-6 mm, okanye enye ekhulayo, kufuneka ihlolwe yiderm.

E - Iyavela: Imole okanye ulusu lolusu olubonakala lwahlukile kwezinye okanye oluguqula ubungakanani, imilo, okanye umbala.

Ngaba ikhona eminye imiqondiso yokulumkisa ngomhlaza wolusu?

Izilonda zolusu kunye nee-moles ezirhawuzayo, ezophayo, okanye ezingazukuphilisa zikwangumqondiso wesilumkiso somhlaza wolusu. Ukuba ubona ulusu luyopha (umzekelo, ngelixa usebenzisa ilaphu lokuhlambela kwishawari) kwaye alizipholi ngokwalo kwiiveki ezintathu, yiya kugqirha wakho wesikhumba, utsho uGqr Crutchfield.

Kufuneka uwujonge kangaphi umhlaza wolusu?

Uvavanyo lonyaka lolusu luyacetyiswa njengenyathelo lokuthintela, utshilo uGqirha Crutchfield. Ukongeza kuvavanyo lwentloko ukuya kwinzwane, banokuthatha iifoto zazo naziphi na iimoles ezikrokrelayo. (Eyeleleneyo: Kutheni kufuneka ufumane uvavanyo lomhlaza wolusu ekupheleni kwehlobo)

Ukuhlolwa kwesikhumba kwenyanga ekhaya kucetyiswa ukuba kuhlolwe izilonda ezitsha okanye ukubeka iliso naluphi na utshintsho kwi-moles ye-atypical. Ngaba ujonge ulusu ngokuma ze phambi kwesipili esigcweleyo, kwigumbi elikhanyayo, ubambe isipili, utshilo uGqirha King. (Ungaphoswa ziindawo ezilibalekileyo ezifana nentloko yakho, phakathi kweenzwane zakho, kunye neebhedi zezikhonkwane). Fumana umhlobo okanye iqabane lakho ukuba lenze itsheki ekunzima ukubona iindawo ezifana nomqolo wakho.

Okukwintsusa: Zininzi iintlobo zomhlaza wolusu, nganye inokubonakala yahlukile kumntu emntwini-ke yiya kubona i-doc yakho ukuba uphawula nawaphi na amanqaku eluswini lwakho amatsha okanye ayatshintsha okanye ayakhathaza. (Naku ngokuchanekileyo ukuba ufuna kangaphi ukuba novavanyo lolusu.)

Xa kuziwa ekuphononongeni imifanekiso yomhlaza wolusu kunye nokuchonga i-C enkulu, eyona ngcebiso ingcono kaGqirha.

Uphengululo lwe